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Time Of Troubles
The Time of Troubles (), also known as Smuta (), was a period of political crisis in Tsardom of Russia, Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I of Russia, Feodor I, the last of the Rurikids, House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 with the accession of Michael of Russia, Michael I of the House of Romanov. It was a period of deep social crisis and lawlessness following the death of Feodor I, a weak and possibly Intellectual disability, intellectually disabled ruler who died without an heir. His death ended the Rurik dynasty, leading to a violent succession crisis with numerous usurpers and false Dmitrys (imposters) claiming the title of List of Russian monarchs, tsar. Russia experienced the Russian famine of 1601–1603, famine of 1601–1603, which killed almost a third of the population, within three years of Feodor's death. Russia was also occupied by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Polish–Russian War (1609–1618), Polish–Russian War an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appeal Of Minin
In law, an appeal is the process in which Legal case, cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of clarifying and interpreting law. Although appellate courts have existed for thousands of years, common law countries did not incorporate an affirmative right to appeal into their jurisprudence until the 19th century. Terminology American English and British English have diverged significantly on the topic of appellate terminology. American cases go up "on appeal" and one "appeals from" (Intransitive verb, intransitive) or "appeals" (Transitive verb, transitive) an order, award, judgment, or conviction, while decisions of British courts are said to be "under appeal" and one "appeals against" a judgment. An American court disposes of an appeal with words like "judgment affirmed" (the appeal is without merit) or "judgment reversed" (the app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zemsky Sobor
The ''Zemsky Sobor'' ( rus, зе́мский собо́р, p=ˈzʲemskʲɪj sɐˈbor, t=assembly of the land) was a parliament of the Tsardom of Russia's estates of the realm active during the 16th and 17th centuries. The assembly represented Russia's feudal classes in three categories: Russian nobility, Nobility and the high bureaucracy, the ''Synod#Orthodox, Holy Sobor'' of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox clergy, and representatives of "commoners" including merchants and townspeople. Assemblies could be summoned either by the tsar, the patriarch, or the boyar duma, to decide current agenda, controversial issues or enact major pieces of legislation. Tsardom of Russia In the 16th century, Tsar Ivan the Terrible held the first ''Zemsky Sobor'' in 1549, holding several assemblies primarily as a Rubber stamp (politics), rubber stamp but also to address initiatives taken by the lower nobility and townspeople. Times of Troubles The Time of Troubles saw the Zemsky Sobor e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crisis Of The Late 16th Century In Russia
Russia suffered from an economic and social crisis in the second half of the 16th century which led to famines, depopulation and the abandonment of agricultural lands. The economic crisis overlapped with the oprichnina and happened at the time when Russia waged the Livonian War. The crisis is considered to be one of the precursors of the Time of Troubles. Crisis of 1560-1570s The crisis started in mid-1560s when the poor harvest of 1567 became the trigger of the crisis. The taxes had risen significantly in the previous decades as the state waged expensive wars against the Tatars in the east and against Poland and Sweden in the west. The population growth in the previous century led to overpopulation and peasants having insufficient food reserves. The famine ensued with the grain prices increasing 8-10 times and remaining high after another poor harvest next year. The famine continued in 1570 when a pestilence hit Russia too. In spite of the efforts to contain outbreaks the epidemi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iván El Terrible Y Su Hijo, Por Iliá Repin
Ivan () is a Slavic male given name, connected with the variant of the Greek name (English: John) from Hebrew meaning 'God is gracious'. It is associated worldwide with Slavic countries. The earliest person known to bear the name was the Bulgarian Saint Ivan of Rila. It is very popular in Russia, Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Belarus, North Macedonia, and Montenegro and has also become more popular in Romance-speaking countries since the 20th century. Etymology Ivan is the common Slavic Latin spelling, while Cyrillic spelling is two-fold: in Bulgarian, Russian, Macedonian, Serbian and Montenegrin it is , while in Belarusian and Ukrainian it is . The Old Church Slavonic (or Old Cyrillic) spelling is . It is the Slavic relative of the Latin name , corresponding to English ''John''. This Slavic version of the name originates from New Testament Greek (''Iōánnēs'') rather than from the Latin . The Greek name is in turn deriv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equerry
An equerry (; from French language, French 'stable', and related to 'squire') is an officer of honour. Historically, it was a senior attendant with responsibilities for the horses of a person of rank. In contemporary use, it is a personal attendant, usually upon a monarch, sovereign, a member of a royal family, or a national representative. The role is equivalent to an aide-de-camp, but the term is now prevalent only among some members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Australia Australian equerries are Officer (armed forces), commissioned officers in the Australian Defence Force, appointed on an ''ad hoc'' basis to the Monarchy in Australia, King of Australia, Governor-General of Australia, Governor General, state governors or to visiting foreign heads of state. Canada Canadian equerries are drawn from the commissioned officers of the Canadian Armed Forces, and are most frequently appointed to serve visiting members of the Monarchy of Canada, Canadian Royal Family. The equerry ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Godunov
Boris Feodorovich Godunov (; ; ) was the ''de facto'' regent of Russia from 1585 to 1598 and then tsar from 1598 to 1605 following the death of Feodor I, the last of the Rurik dynasty. After the end of Feodor's reign, Russia descended into the Time of Troubles. Early years Boris was the son of Feodor Ivanovich Godunov "Krivoy" (, died c. 1568–1570) and his wife Stepanida Ivanovna. His older brother Vasily died young and without issue. There is a version according to which the Godunovs were descended from the Tatar ''murza'' Chet, who came to Russia in 1330 during the reign of Ivan Kalita. This version was included in later editions of the 16th-century '' Gosudarev Rodoslovets'', but historians have raised doubts about this version of Godunov's ancestry due to various chronological and genealogical issues. Godunov's career began at the court of Ivan the Terrible. He is mentioned in 1570 for taking part in the Serpeisk campaign as an archer of the guard. The following yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; ) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids. The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ruled as tsar over Russia during the Time of Troubles. Origins The Shuiskys descended from the princely house of Suzdal, whose progenitor was either Andrey II of Vladimir, brother of Alexander Nevsky, or, according to other interpretations, Andrey of Gorodets, Nevsky’s son. Regardless of the interpretation, the Shuiskys shared a common ancestry with the ruling Muscovite line of the Rurikids, which descended from Daniel of Moscow, Alexander Nevsky’s son. Dmitry of Suzdal, Prince of Suzdal and Nizhny Novgorod, died in 1383, leaving behind two sons: Vasiliy, called Kirdyapa, and Symeon. They became the progenitors of two branches of the Shuisky family. The younger branch, descended from Symeon, split into several lines (Shuisky-Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mstislavsky
The House of Mstislavsky (Russian Мстиславский) was a Russian princely family of Gediminid origin who prior to their move to Russia ruled the principality of Mstislavl. In the following, the Mstislavsky family produced some notable military commanders such as Ivan Mstislavsky who fought in the Livonian War. His son, Fedor Mstislavsky was one of the Russian magnates during the Time of Troubles The Time of Troubles (), also known as Smuta (), was a period of political crisis in Tsardom of Russia, Russia which began in 1598 with the death of Feodor I of Russia, Feodor I, the last of the Rurikids, House of Rurik, and ended in 1613 wit ... and the leader of the Seven Boyars who temporarily ruled the country. External links Mstislavsky princesin History of the Russian nobility Gediminids Russian noble families Ruthenian noble families {{Russia-noble-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev
Nikita Romanovich (; born c. 1522 – 23 April 1586), also known as Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev, was a prominent Russian boyar. His grandson Michael I (Tsar 1613-1645) founded the Romanov dynasty of Russian tsars. Biography He was a son of the okolnichy Roman Yurievich Zakharyin (who died on 16 February 1543, and who gave his name to the Romanov dynasty of Russian monarchs), and of Roman Yurievich's wife Uliana Ivanovna, who died in 1579. Nikita Romanovich became the brother-in-law of Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (Ivan the Terrible), who married Nikita’s sister Anastasia Romanovna in 1547. His great-grandfather was Zakhary Ivanovich Koshkin. Nikita Romanovich first appears in the historical record in 1547, when, on the occasion of the Tsar's wedding with Anastasia Romanovna, he was promoted to '' spalnik'' and ''stolnik''. He participated as a '' rynda'' (bodyguard) of the tsar in the unlucky campaigns against the Khanate of Kazan in 1547 and in 1548. Later he became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heir Apparent
An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more eligible heir is known as an heir presumptive. Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles (e.g. titles of nobility) or offices, especially when only inheritable by a single person. Most monarchies refer to the heir apparent of their thrones with the descriptive term of ''crown prince'' or ''crown princess'', but they may also be accorded with a more specific substantive title: such as Prince of Orange in the Netherlands, Duke of Brabant in Belgium, Prince of Asturias in Spain (also granted to heirs presumptive), or the Prince of Wales in England and Wales; former titles include Dauphin in the Kingdom of France, and Tsesarevich in Imperial Russia. The term is also applied metaphorically to an expected succe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich Of Russia
Ivan Ivanovich (; 28 March 1554 – 19 November 1581) was the second son of Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. He was the tsarevich (heir apparent) until he suddenly died; historians generally believe that his father killed him in a fit of rage. Early life Ivan was the second son of Ivan IV of Russia ("the Terrible") by his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. His brother was Feodor, who would eventually succeed his father as tsar. The young Ivan accompanied his father during the Massacre of Novgorod at the age of 15. For five weeks, he and his father would watch the '' oprichniki'' with enthusiasm and retire to church for prayer. At the age of 27, Ivan was at least as well read as his father, and in his free time, wrote a biography on Antony of Siya. Ivan is reputed to have once saved his father from an assassination attempt. A Livonian prisoner named Bykovski raised a sword against the tsar, only to be rapidly stabbed by the tsarevich. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
