Tricity, or Tri-City ( ; ; ), is an

urban area An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. Urban areas originate through urbanization, and researchers categorize them as cities, towns, conurbations or suburbs. In urbani ...

Pomeranian Voivodeship Pomeranian Voivodeship ( ; ) is a Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeship, or province, in northwestern Poland. The provincial capital is Gdańsk. The voivodeship was established on January 1, 1999, out of the former voivodeships of Gdańsk Voivo ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, consisting of three contiguous coastal

cities A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

Pomerelia Pomerelia, also known as Eastern Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania, and also before World War II as Polish Pomerania, is a historical sub-region of Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland. Gdańsk Pomerania is largely c ...

forming a row on the coastline of the Gdańsk Bay,

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

, namely the cities of

Gdańsk Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. With a population of 486,492, Data for territorial unit 2261000. it is Poland's sixth-largest city and principal seaport. Gdań ...

Gdynia Gdynia is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With an estimated population of 257,000, it is the List of cities in Poland, 12th-largest city in Poland and the second-largest in the Pomeranian Voivodeship after Gdańsk ...

, and Sopot, along with other cities and towns in their vicinity. In 2021, the three core cities were inhabited by 749,786 people, while the Tricity together with its

metropolitan area A metropolitan area or metro is a region consisting of a densely populated urban area, urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories which share Industry (economics), industries, commercial areas, Transport infrastructure, transport network ...

had a combined population of between 1 and 1.5 million, depending on the definition of the boundaries of the latter. The designation has been used informally or semi-formally only. A strategic cooperation declaration, the Tricity Charter (Polish: ''Karta Trójmiasta''), was signed by the three city mayors on 28 March 2007. The only incorporated common management authority in the Tricity metro is the Gdańsk Bay Public Transport Metropolitan Union () which is, despite the name, an inter-municipal union and not a metropolitan one.

Economy

Nearly 35% of taxpayers from Tricity are in the middle and high taxable income groups (average for Poland 10%). Approximately 12% of Tricity taxpayers are in the highest taxable income group (Polish average 3%).

Population

The total population of the 3 cities comprising Tricity (Gdańsk + Gdynia + Sopot): * XII.1960: 481,100 inhabitants (286,900 + 150,200 + 44,000) * XII.1970: 604,800 inhabitants (365,600 + 191,500 + 47,700) * XII.1975: 693,800 inhabitants (421,000 + 221,100 + 51,700) * XII.1980: 744,400 inhabitants (456,700 + 236,400 + 51,300) * XII.2004: 754,960 inhabitants (460,524 + 253,650 + 40,785) * XII.2006: 748,126 inhabitants (456,658 + 251,844 + 39,624) * XII.2019: 752,954 inhabitants (470,907 + 246,348 + 35,719) * XII.2021: 749,786 inhabitants (470,633 + 244,104 + 35,049) The Tricity metropolitan area also includes

Wejherowo Wejherowo (; formerly ) is a city in Gdańsk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 48,735 inhabitants (2021). It has been the capital of Wejherowo County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was a city in Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–199 ...

, Reda, Rumia,

Pruszcz Gdański Pruszcz Gdański (; former ; ; ) is a town in Pomerania, northern Poland with 26,834 inhabitants (2010). Pruszcz Gdański is an industrial town neighbouring Gdańsk, part of the Tricity, Poland, Tricity urban agglomeration, agglomeration. The Obwo ...

, and several other communities. The total population in 2006 was 1,100,500, in an area of 1,580.69 km². * Largest urban areas of the European Union *

Largest European metropolitan areas This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million. Sources List includes metropolitan areas according only to the stud ...

The Tricity continuous urban area includes the following cities: According to official EU publication the population of Larger Urban Zone of Tricity is 1,098,379.

Education

Tricity is an important center of education. *

: Number of universities: 13 (2010) Number of students: 52,436 (2009) Number of graduates: 10,439 (2001) *

: Number of universities: 7 (2010) Number of students: 21,362 (2010) Some of the universities in the Tricity: * Academy of Physical Education in Gdańsk * Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk * Academy of Music in Gdańsk * Gdynia Maritime University * Polish Naval Academy in Gdynia * Medical University of Gdańsk * University of Gdańsk * Gdańsk University of Technology * SWPS University in Sopot * Sopot University of Applied Sciences * Gdańsk School of Banking * Gdańsk Management College * Gdańsk Higher School of Humanities * Gdańsk Administration School * Social Economic Higher School in Gdańsk * The Higher School of Tourism and Hotel Industry in Gdańsk * Academy of International Economic and Political Relations in Gdynia * Kwiatkowski University of Business and Administration in Gdynia * Pomeranian Higher School of Humanities in Gdynia * The Higher School of Physical Culture and Tourism in Sopot * Sopot College

Entertainment

Cinemas: * Gdańsk Film Centre (studio cinemas; all three closed in 2015) ** Helikon ** Kameralne ** Neptun * Helios Gdańsk Alfa * Helios Gdańsk Forum * Helios Gdynia * Kameralne Cafe * Kinoplex * Multikino Gdańsk * Multikino Sopot * Multikino Rumia * Gdyńskie Centrum Filmowe * Polonia * Żak Theatres: * Wybrzeże Theatre * Danuta Baduszkowa Musical Theatre in Gdynia * Witold Gombrowicz Municipal Theatre in Gdynia * Atelier Theatre in Sopot * Dreams Theatre * Miniatura Theatre in Gdańsk * Theatre Znak in Gdańsk * Wybrzeżak Theatre * Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre * Scena Kameralna Teatru Wybrzeże * Summer Scene of Gdynia's Municipal Theatre * Scena Teatralna ŻAK * Theatrum Gedanense Foundation Opera house and Philharmonic * Forest Opera in Sopot * Polish Baltic Philharmonic * Polska Filharmonia Kameralna in Sopot * Baltic Opera Museums and art galleries * Gdańsk City Gallery * Chodowiecki and Grass House * Państwowa Galeria Sztuki in Sopot * National Museum * Zbrojownia Sztuki * Art Cybernetics Institute (ICS) * CSW Łaźnia * Art Lab Wyspa * multiple small noninstitutional galleries (Galeria UL, Tajna Galeria, Brama Wyżynna, KIT) * Museum of the Second World War *

National Maritime Museum, Gdańsk The National Maritime Museum in Gdańsk () is a maritime museum in Gdańsk, Poland, established on 1 January 1962. It is dedicated to gathering, researching and preserving artifacts and documents concerning ship transport, international trade, fis ...

Climate

Tricity has a temperate climate with warm summers and mild winters. The climate regime differs significantly between cities with

belonging to a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers, and cold ...

(monthly mean temperature below zero for two months a year) and

oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...

(no monthly mean temperature below freezing) according to Koppen-Geiger classification. Rain is possible all year round. Autumns are warmer than springs due to the warming effect of the adjacent

. Winters are wet, windy and mild, compared to the interior of Poland. Sea temperatures have been rising significantly during last decades prolonging the summer season to five months in recent years.

Sport

Tricity has a number of professional teams, which compete in

basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appro ...

volleyball Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...

speedway Speedway may refer to: Racing Race tracks *Daytona International Speedway, a race track in Daytona Beach, Florida. *Edmonton International Speedway, also known as Speedway Park, a former motor raceway in Edmonton, Alberta. *Indianapolis Motor Spe ...

handball Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, Olympic handball or indoor handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of thr ...

rugby union Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union in English-speaking countries and rugby 15/XV in non-English-speaking world, Anglophone Europe, or often just rugby, is a Contact sport#Terminology, close-contact team sport that orig ...

and

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

. The most known football clubs, contesting the Tricity Derby, are Lechia Gdańsk and Arka Gdynia. Both clubs also possess highly successful rugby teams, RC Arka, who play at the National Rugby Stadium and RC Lechia. There is a third top-flight Polish rugby team Ogniwo Sopot, making the Tricity Poland's rugby capital. The third football club is Bałtyk Gdynia, in the past also a multi-sports club with over 20 different sections. Wybrzeże Gdańsk are the Tricity's speedway team, formerly a multi-sports club, now its only other remaining section is the reactivated

team, former ten-times men's Polish champions. Arka also fields a men's and women's professional basketball team while

Trefl Sopot Trefl Sopot is a Polish professional basketball team, based in Sopot, Poland. The team plays in the Polish Basketball League and EuroCup Basketball, EuroCup. The club was founded as the replacement of Asseco Gdynia, Prokom Asseco Sopot that left ...

is the other men's professional basketball club in the Tricity. Stoczniowiec Gdańsk is the local ice hockey team.

Transport

The Tricity has a well-developed traffic infrastructure and public transport system. Development of the Tricity was smoothed by the construction of the

rapid transit Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT) or heavy rail, commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas. A grade separation, grade separated rapid transit line below ground su ...

rail ( SKM) 1951, binding the whole area from

Tczew Tczew (, formerly ) is a city on the Vistula River in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with 59,111 inhabitants (December 2021). It is the capital of Tczew County and the largest city of the ethnocultural region of Kociewie within th ...

, Sopot 1953,

1956, Reda, Rumia to

1957. In 1975, the Tricity Beltway was constructed. The Gdańsk Bay Public Transport Metropolitan Union (MZKZG), a body incorporated by the municipalities in the area to act as a common public transport authority, issues tickets valid both for the SKM Rapid Transit Rail, as well as for all or some of the

tram A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which Rolling stock, vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some ...

s and buses in Gdańsk or

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...

es and buses in Sopot and Gdynia.

Road transport

The backbone of the Tricity is the inner highway. It starts in Gdańsk and goes through Sopot, Gdynia, Rumia and Reda to Wejherowo. It consists of 2-4 lanes in each direction. The dual carriageway Tricity Beltway (

Obwodnica Trójmiejska The Tricity Ring Road (Polish language, Polish: ''Obwodnica trójmiejska'', ''Obwodnica Trójmiasta'', ''Trasa Obwodowa Trójmiasta'') is a ring road in Poland bypassing the metropolitan area formed by the cities of Gdynia, Sopot and Gdańsk ...

) starts in the vicinity of Pruszcz Gdański and goes through the western districts of Gdańsk to Gdynia-Chylonia.

Trolleybus, bus and coach

The variety and number of public bus lines and coach connections facilitates the travel around the Tricity and surrounding areas. One of the most popular means of transport in the Pomerania province is the public coach. The high number of bus lines covers every quarter of the three cities within the metropolis. In addition to usual buses, Gdynia also operates

es which reach Sopot.

Rail transport

Tramway

The city of Gdańsk operates a well-developed tram system.

Tricity Rapid Transit Rail

The Tricity area is served by the SKM rail network (known in Polish as ''Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście'' or "Tricity Rapid Transit Rail"). It currently provides regular service primarily on two dedicated railways complemented by some of the ordinary railways in the region, both as a commuter rail connecting some of the peripheral towns and villages with each other and with the principal cities of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, as well as internal rapid transit service within the urban core formed by the three cities. The intervals range from every 6 minutes during peak time on the main common section between Gdańsk and Gdynia to 30 minutes at the farthest ends. The rapid transit rail network has achieved since its inception in 1951 a unifying effect on the metro area formerly divided by a frontier, by linking the connected localities with a frequent and reliable service. More recently, a pre-war railway destroyed in 1945 by the retreating German army has been reconstructed as the 19.5 km ''Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna'' (Pomeranian Metropolitan Railway) or ''PKM'' line, also been operated by the SKM, and put into service in 2015, providing connection of the downtown station of Gdańsk Wrzeszcz Station with the Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport, with further service to the Gdynia Główna Station provided via an earlier existing railway, thus forming a loop connected to the primary SKM line directly at its southern terminus, while the northern terminus is connected indirectly through an earlier existing line. The primary SKM line has been served by overhead-powered

electrical multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number o ...

s since its inauguration, while the PKM line is currently serviced by oil-powered units, though it is scheduled for imminent electrification.

Regional rail connections and remote rail destinations

The area is well connected to the rest of the Pomerania region, as well as Poland and the rest of Europe. Polregio network provides a regional rail service connecting the cities and towns of the Pomerania. Gdańsk Główny and Gdynia Główna serve as major rail hubs for the area, with these stations and five others, Gdańsk Wrzeszcz, Gdańsk Oliwa, Sopot,

and Rumia offering inter-city services to cities around Poland and in other countries, operated by Polish State Railways under the PKP Intercity branding. Most of the stations that are served by regional and inter-city rail are also part of the above-mentioned SKM network.

Air transport

Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport is one of the three busiest Polish international airports. Its position is associated with a well-developed network of domestic and international transport connections provided in response to the growing demand for business and tourist travel. The Gdańsk Airport is located 10 km from the centre of Gdańsk, about the same distance from the centre of Sopot and 23 km from the centre of Gdynia. The continually expanding road system which connects the airport with the city centres allows drivers to cover the distances in about 15–20 minutes. The close vicinity of the Tri-city by-pass and junctions with state motorways nos. 1, 6 and 7 facilitates access from areas outside the Tri-city. The convenient location of the airport makes it easy for travellers and cargo carriers to transfer from air to road, and also to the railway network and seaports. Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport has its own railway siding which can be used for handling large lots of cargo dispatched by air. The Gdańsk Airport operates even the biggest planes and allows thousands of tourists to visit the Pomerania province every day. Just in front of the main entrance to the passenger terminal, the visitors can find a bus that will take them to the city centre. There are frequent SKM trains running from the train station in front of the airport to Gdynia, Gdańsk Wrzeszcz, Kartuzy and Kościerzyna. A passenger may also choose to take a taxi. A failed attempt was undertaken to partially repurpose the Military Gdynia-Kosakowo Airport into a dual-use military and civil one.

Scheduled passenger destinations

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(EasyJet) *

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Girona (WizzAir) *

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(Ryanair) *

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(bmibaby) *

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/ Bonn (WizzAir) *

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(SAS and Ryanair) * Cork (Ryanair) *

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Sheffield (WizzAir) *

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(Ryanair) * East Midlands Airport (bmibaby) *

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(LOT, Lufthansa) * Frankfurt Hahn (Ryanair) *

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Prestwick (WizzAir) *

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Lubeck (WizzAir) *

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Ronneby *

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(Ryanair) * Malmö Airport (WizzAir) *

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(Norwegian, SAS) *

Torp (WizzAir) *

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(Eurolot) * Stockholm Skavsta Airport (WizzAir) *

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(AirBaltic) *

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(LOT)

Maritime transport

Scheduled ferry lines

* Gdynia -

- Gdynia (

Stena Line Stena Line is a Swedish Shipping line, shipping line company and one of the world's largest ferry operators. It services Denmark, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland and Sweden. Stena Line is a ...

) * Gdynia - Hanko ( Finnlines)- freight service only * Gdańsk - Nynashamn - Gdańsk ( Polferries)

Foreign representatives

Gdańsk: * Consul of the

Kingdom of Denmark The Danish Realm, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, or simply Denmark, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united by the Constitution of Denmark, Constitutional Act, which applies to the entire territor ...

* General Consulate of

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

* General Consulate of

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

* General Consulate of the

Republic of Belarus A republic, based on the Latin phrase ''res publica'' ('public affair' or 'people's affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy. Although a ...

* General Consulate of the

Federal Republic of Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 ...

* General Consulate of

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

* Honorary Consul of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia * Honorary Consul of the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

* Honorary Consul of the Republic of Latvia * Honorary Consul of the

Republic of Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

* Honorary Consul of the United Mexican States * Honorary Consul of the

Kingdom of the Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands (, ;, , ), commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state. The re ...

* Honorary Consul of

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

* Honorary Consul of the

Kingdom of Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

Gdynia: * General Consulate of the Kingdom of Sweden * General Consulate of

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

* Honorary Consul of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

* Honorary Consul of the Republic of Finland * Honorary Consul of

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

* Honorary Consul of

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

* Honorary Consul of the

Republic of Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

* Honorary Consul of

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

* Honorary Consul of the

Republic of Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the third lar ...

* Honorary Consul of the People's Republic of Bangladesh * Honorary Consul of the Kingdom of Norway * Honorary Consul of

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Sopot: * General Consulate of the Republic of Iceland * Honorary Consul of the Republic of Slovakia

Economy

Population

Education

Entertainment

Climate

Sport

Transport

Road transport

Trolleybus, bus and coach

Rail transport

Tramway

Tricity Rapid Transit Rail

Regional rail connections and remote rail destinations

Air transport

Scheduled passenger destinations

Maritime transport

Scheduled ferry lines

Foreign representatives

See also

References

External links