Translohr

Translohr is the name of a rubber-tyred tramway technology, originally developed by Lohr Industrie of France and now run by a consortium of Alstom Transport and Fonds stratégique d'investissement (FSI) as ''newTL,'' which took over from Lohr in 2012. It is used in Paris and Clermont-Ferrand, France; Medellín, Colombia; and Venice-Mestre and Padua in Italy. In June 2012, Alstom Group and the Strategic Investment Fund acquired Translohr for €35 million.

Description

The Translohr system is more like a tram or light railway than a bus or trolleybus. Unlike other guided bus systems, including the similar but incompatible Guided Light Transit system developed by Bombardier Transportation, Translohr cars permanently follow guide rails that they cannot divert from, like traditional steel-wheeled rail vehicles.

The guide rail automatically guides the vehicle, with a driver who stops and starts, accelerating and braking when needed. Power is provided by overhead wires and collected with a pantograph in the same way as a tram. The vehicle carries internal battery packs for use on non-electrified sections of the route.

There are two main designs for the vehicles: the bi-directional STE series, and the unidirectional SP Prime series. They consist of three to six articulated sections like a conventional tram, with a length from long and wide. Their net weight is , depending upon the number of car sections.

As Translohr LRVs cannot run without a guide rail they are not classified as buses. For example, those used on the Clermont-Ferrand network do not need to have license plates.

File:Système de guidage Translohr - Annoté.svg, Guidance system.
1- Pavement, 2- Gap (empty space), 3- Guide rail, 4- Resin, 5- Flange, 6- Spring, 7- Railway tire
File:Guide rail used in the Translohr guidance system for rubber-tyred trams.jpg, Translohr system guide rail cross-section
File:Michelin 5227.JPG, Tires made by Michelin used on translohr vehicles
File:Translohr-rail-crossing.jpg, Translohr rail crossing

File:Scambio Translohr Deposito Favaro 071120.jpg, Translohr flexible single rail switch
File:Scambio Translohr Padova Santo 041015.jpg, Translohr rigid two-rail switch

List of systems

Criticism

The Châtillon–Viroflay Line in Paris cost €27.4m per km, including infrastructure, improvements of the right-of-way, and the purchase of 28 STE6 vehicles. In addition, due to the tyres constantly running over the same area of road, there is significant erosion of the roadway; this has already happened with the comparable Bombardier Guided Light Transit system, resulting in extensive repairs at significant cost to the operator. This adds to already high running costs. Providing roll ways, as used by rubber-tyred metros, embedded in the road surface might have been useful. Ride quality is also said to be poor, little better than a bus, due to the four-wheeled design, whereas trams have trucks (bogies) with shock absorbers or springs.

The Tianjin system suffered a derailment on 20 August 2007, three months after its inauguration. There were five derailments on Padua's new installation in 2007 before its inauguration, and one on 22 April 2010 due to a misaligned switch.

Where snowfall is an issue this system may not be practical: since the guide rail forms the return leg of the electrical circuit, accumulation of ice and snow on the rail could cause intermittent power interruptions to the vehicle. Also, as the guide wheels support almost no weight, snow packed into the flangeways or atop the rail by road traffic may cause the wheels to lose grip and become slippery. Since the guide wheels each grip the guide rail at a 45-degree angle and thus are at 90-degree angle to each other, the risk of the guide wheels being lifted completely off the rails is minimal.

Critics of the system also point out that Translohr is a proprietary system subject to vendor lock-in, requiring purchase of any further vehicles from Lohr Industrie. This may no longer be a problem after the patents expire if other manufacturers produce compatible vehicles.

Several lines under construction or already built were eventually abandoned or shut down due to planning changes and operational difficulties. For example, L'Aquila, which started demolition work in 2013; Latina, which purchased new vehicles in 2016 but did not put them into operation because the infrastructure was not completed; Shanghai Zhangjiang Tram, which was demolished shortly after it stopped running on 1 June 2023; and the TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram shut down the next day on 1 June 2023, and was to be demolished.

See also

* Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
* Automated guideway transit
* Bi-articulated bus
* Guided bus
* Guided Light Transit
* Personal rapid transit
* Rubber-tyred tram
* Rubber-tyred metro
* Right-of-way
* Tram
* Trolleybus

References

Further reading

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External links

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{{Authority control

Bus terminology
Rubber-tyred tram
Tram vehicles of China
Tram vehicles of France
Tram vehicles of Italy
Lohr Industrie