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The Temple of Concordia (,
The temple was built BC. The well-preserved peristasis of six by thirteen columns stands on a crepidoma of four steps (measuring , and high) The
File:Agrigento-Tempio della Concordia01.JPG
File:Concordiatempel Tempio della Temple of Concordia de la Concorde Tal der Tempel Valle dei Templi Agrigento Sizilien Foto Wolfgang Pehlemann DSC07490.jpg
File:Concordiatempelagrigent4.jpg
File:Valle dei Templi 3214.jpg
File:Charles Gore View of the Temple of Concord at Agrigentum.png, ''View of the Temple of Concord at Agrigentum'' by Charles Gore (1777)
File:A View at Girgenti in Sicily with the Temple of Concord and Juno.tif, ''A View at Girgenti in Sicily with the Temple of Concord and Juno'' by
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
: ''Ναός της Ομόνοιας'') is an ancient Greek temple
Greek temples (, semantically distinct from Latin language, Latin , "temple") were structures built to house deity statues within Greek sanctuaries in ancient Greek religion. The temple interiors did not serve as meeting places, since the Ancien ...
of Magna Graecia
Magna Graecia refers to the Greek-speaking areas of southern Italy, encompassing the modern Regions of Italy, Italian regions of Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, Campania, and Sicily. These regions were Greek colonisation, extensively settled by G ...
in the Valle dei Templi
The Valle dei Templi (; ), or Valley of the Temples, is an archaeological site in Agrigento (ancient Greek: ''Ακραγας'', ''Akragas''), Sicily. It is one of the most outstanding examples of ancient Greek art and architecture of Magna Graeci ...
(Valley of the Temples) in Agrigento
Agrigento (; or ) is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy and capital of the province of Agrigento.
Founded around 582 BC by Greek colonists from Gela, Agrigento, then known as Akragas, was one of the leading cities during the golden ...
(Greek: ''Ακράγας'', Akragas) on the south coast of Sicily
Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...
, Italy. It is the largest and best-preserved Doric temple
The Doric order is one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of the ...
in Sicily and one of the best-preserved Greek temples in general, especially of the Doric order. It is located a kilometer east to the Temple of Heracles.
Description
The temple was built BC. The well-preserved peristasis of six by thirteen columns stands on a crepidoma of four steps (measuring , and high) The cella
In Classical architecture, a or naos () is the inner chamber of an ancient Greek or Roman temple. Its enclosure within walls has given rise to extended meanings: of a hermit's or monk's cell, and (since the 17th century) of a biological cell ...
measures . The columns are high and carved with twenty flutes
The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...
and harmonious entasis (tapering at the tops of the columns and swelling around the middles).
It is constructed, like the nearby Temple of Juno, on a solid base designed to overcome the unevenness of the rocky terrain. It has been conventionally named after Concordia, the Roman goddess of harmony, for the Roman-era Latin inscription found nearby, which is unrelated to it.
The temple was converted into a Christian basilica in the 6th century dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul by San Gregorio delle Rape, bishop of Agrigento and thus survived the destruction of pagan places of worship. The spaces between the columns were filled with walling, altering its Classical Greek form. The division between the cella, the main room where the cult statue would have stood in antiquity, and the opisthodomos, an adjoining room, was destroyed, and the walls of the cella were cut into a series of arches along the nave. The Christian refurbishments were removed during the restoration of 1785. According to another source, the Prince of Torremuzza transferred the altar elsewhere and began restoration of the classic building in 1788.
According to authors of a 2007 article, it is "apart from the Parthenon
The Parthenon (; ; ) is a former Ancient Greek temple, temple on the Acropolis of Athens, Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the Greek gods, goddess Athena. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of c ...
, the best preserved Doric temple in the world."
Gallery
Charles Lock Eastlake
Sir Charles Lock Eastlake (17 November 1793 – 24 December 1865) was a British Painting, painter, gallery director, collector and writer of the 19th century. After a period as Curator#Collections curator, keeper, he was the first director of ...
()
File:Fig. 121 Temple of Concord at Girgenti.png, ''Temple of Concord at Girgenti'', a wood engraved print ()
File:Temple of Concord, Girgenti, Italy, 1895. (2826089766).jpg, ''Temple of Concord, Girgenti'' by William Henry Goodyear (1895)
File:Joseph Pennell Temple of Concord, Girgenti.png, ''The Temple by the Sea'' by Joseph Pennell
Joseph Pennell (July 4, 1857 – April 23, 1926) was an American draftsman, etcher, lithographer, and illustrator for books and magazines. A prolific artist, he spent most of his working life in Europe, and developed an interest in landmarks, lan ...
(1913)
File:Fotografi på tempel Concordia - Hallwylska museet - 104077.tif, circa 1888
See also
*List of Ancient Greek temples
This list of ancient Greek temples covers temples built by the Hellenic people from the 6th century BC until the 2nd century AD on mainland Greece and in Hellenic towns in the Aegean Islands, Asia Minor, Sicily and Italy ("Magna Graecia"), where ...
References
;Bibliography * * {{Authority control 5th-century BC religious buildings and structures Concordia Buildings and structures in the Province of Agrigento Valle dei Templi 5th-century BC establishments in Italy Roman temples by deity Archaeological sites in Sicily