Temeşvar Eyalet

The Province of Temeşvar () was a first-level administrative unit (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. It existed from 1552 to 1716. Provincial administration was centered in ''Temeşvar'' (today's Timișoara) from 1552 to 1659, and again from 1693 to 1716. During the 1659–1693 interval, its second capital was ''Yanova'' (today's Ineu), and within that period, it was also known as the Province of Yanova. The province was located in the Banat region of Central Europe. Besides Banat, it also included southern parts of the Crișana region, north of the Mureș River. Its territory is now divided between Hungary, Romania, and Serbia.

Names

The name of the province in Ottoman Turkish was ''Eyâlet-i Temeşvar'' or ''Eyâlet-i Tımışvar'' (in Modern Turkish: ''Temeşvar Eyaleti'' or ''Tamışvar Eyaleti''), in Hungarian was ''Temesvári vilajet'', in Romanian was ''Eialetul Timișoarei'' or ''Pașalâcul Timișoara'', in Serbian was Темишварски ејалет or ''Temišvarski ejalet''. The province was named after its administrative seat, Temeşvar. The Turkish name ''Temeşvar'' is given after the Hungarian one, ''Temesvár'' meaning ''"Castle on the Temes"'' (River).

History

Upon the initial dissolution of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom in the summer of 1551, much of its territories, including the Temes County and the surrounding regions, were integrated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, thus provoking the reaction of the Ottoman Empire, that invaded the region in the autumn of the same year, taking several cities, but not being able to conquer Temeşvar.

The Eyalet of Temeşvar was formed in 1552, when the Hungarian castle of Temesvár defended by the troop of István Losonczy was finally captured by the Ottoman troops led by Kara Ahmed Pasha on July 26, 1552.Sadık Müfit Bilge, "Macaristan'da Osmanlı Hakimiyetinin ve İdarî Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişmesi", ''Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi'' (OTAM), Sayı: 11 Sayfa: 033-081, 2000
p. 59.

The Eyalet was led by a vali (governor) or beylerbey (sometimes with position of pasha or vizir), whose residence was at the former Hunyadi Castle in Temeşvar (1552–1659 and 1693–1716), and also in Yanova (1659–1693).

It existed until 1716, when its territory was conquered by the Habsburg monarchy during the Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718). In 1718, the Habsburgs formed a new province in this region, named the Banat of Temeswar.

Image:Ottoman vojvodina01.png, The Eyalet of Temeşvar and Banate of Lugos and Karansebes in 1568
File:Elayet of temesvar.png, The Temeşvar Eyalet, mid-17th century
File:Eyalet of temesvar1699.png, The Eyalet of Temeşvar in 1699
File:Banat1700.jpg, Map from 1700 (Eyalet of Temeşvar depicted in red)

Demographics

Numerous Balkan Muslims settled in the area, living mostly in the cities and associated with trade and administration. The Banat region was mainly populated by Rascians (Serbs) in the west, and Vlachs (Romanians) in the east. Thus, in some historical sources, the region of Banat was referred to as ''Rascia'', while in others as ''Wallachia''.

Administrative divisions

Upon creation in 1552, the Eyalet of Temeşvar was divided into these sanjaks:
* Sanjak of Tımışvar (Timișoara)
* Sanjak of Arad (seat transferred to Güle ( Gyula) in 1566, thus being renamed as the Sanjak of Güle)
* Sanjak of Çanad (Cenad, formed by expanding the Sanjak of Beçkerek ( Bečkerek/Zrenjanin that was initially created in 1551)
* Sanjak of Lipva ( Lipova)
* Sanjak of Modava (Moldova Nouă)

By the end of the 16th century new sanjaks were created:
* Sanjak of Pankota (Pâncota, created in 1565, seat transferred to Yanova (Ineu) in c. 1574)
* Sanjak of Orşova (Orșova)

During the 17th century additional sanjaks were created:
* Sanjak of Fenlak ( Felnac)
* Sanjak of Çakova (Ciacova)
* Sanjak of Lagoş (Lugoj, created in 1658)
* Sanjak of Şebeş (Caransebeș, created in 1658)
* Sanjak of Pançova (Pančevo, mentioned in 1695)

Sanjaks of Güle, Yanova and Fenlak, and northern parts of the Çanad and Lipva sanjaks were transferred to Habsburg Monarchy after signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699).

Governors

* Kazim-bey or Gazi Kasim-pasha (1552–1554)
* Hasan-pasha (1594)
* Sofi Sinan-pasha (1594)
* Hasan-pasha, the younger (1594)
* Mustafa Pasha ( July 1594)
* Dželalija Hasan-paša (1604–1605)
* Ahmed-paša Dugalić (1605–)
* Ibrahim-pasha (1687)
* Ibrahim-pasha (1701-)Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija, Novi Sad, 2001, page 249.

See also

* History of Banat
* Banat of Temeswar
* Ottoman Hungary
* Ottoman Serbia
* Ottoman Romania

References

Sources

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Further reading

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External links

Province of Temeşvar in 1600 – Map



Province of Temeşvar – Map

Province of Temeşvar – Map

Province of Temeşvar – Map

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temesvar Eyalet

Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
Ottoman period in Romania
Ottoman Serbia
Ottoman period in Hungary
Ottoman history of Vojvodina
History of Banat
States and territories established in 1552
1552 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
1716 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire