Tata, Hungary
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Tata (; ) is a town in
Komárom-Esztergom County Komárom-Esztergom (, ; ; ) is an administrative Hungarian county in Central Transdanubia Region; its shares its northern border the Danube with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties of , , and and the Slovakian Nitra Regio ...
, northwestern
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, northwest of the county town Tatabánya.


Geography


Location

Tata is located in the valley between the Gerecse Mountains and
Vértes Mountains Vertes, Vértes or Vertès may refer to: * Eva Vertes (born 1985), American cancer researcher * Marcel Vertès (1895–1961), Hungarian costume designer * Vértes Hills, mountain range in Hungary ** Battle of Vértes, 1051 *Les Négresses Vertes ...
, some from
Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
, the Hungarian capital city. By virtue of its location, it is a railway and road junction. Motorway M1 (E60, E75) from
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
to Budapest passes through the outer city limits, and the railway line Budapest–Vienna goes through the city.


Climate

Tata's climate is classified as
oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cfb''). The annual average temperature is , the hottest month in July is , and the coldest month is in January. The annual precipitation is , of which July is the wettest with , while February is the driest with only . The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from on December 28, 1996 to on August 8, 2013.


Demographics

According to the 2001 census, the town has 23,937 inhabitants: 93.3% Hungarians, 1.6% Germans, 0.6% Roma, 0.2% Slovaks and 6.5% other.


History

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times; archaeological findings date back to 50,000 BCE. Later it was a
Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
settlement. The first known mention of Tata is from 1221. Its name may come from the name of Lombard king Tato. Its castle was built by the Lackfi family and had its prime under
Matthias Corvinus Matthias Corvinus (; ; ; ; ; ) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia from 1458 to 1490, as Matthias I. He is often given the epithet "the Just". After conducting several military campaigns, he was elected King of Bohemia in 1469 and ...
, who had it rebuilt in a
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
style. In 1526 when the disastrous battle with the Turks happened and Louis II died in the battlefield, Count György Cseszneky was the
castellan A castellan, or constable, was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe. Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1 ...
of the Castle Tata. The plundering Ottoman army ransacked the area, but Cseszneky successfully defended the castle. During the Ottoman occupation, the castle of Tata was an important fortress. It was captured in 1543 by the Turks. During this period the castle had many different owners until it was burned down by the
Habsburgs The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...
in retaliation for the
Rákóczi's War of Independence Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711) was the first significant attempt to topple the rule of the Habsburgs over Royal Hungary, Hungary. The war was conducted by a group of noblemen, wealthy and high-ranking progressives and was led by F ...
. In 1727, Count József Esterházy bought Tata and the surrounding villages. The town prospered, in 1765 it already had a
secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...
. According to the article in the Pallas Lexicon about Tata in 1851, the town was a "pretty and developing village in the Tata district of Komárom comitatus; 895 buildings, 6925 mostly Hungarian residents (3633 Roman Catholics, 2518 Lutherans and 673 Israelites), centre of the district, with secondary school, railway station, post office. Tata and the adjoining village Tóváros (4257 residents) are built around a large lake, Tata on the hillside, and Tóváros on the plain. Between them, there are the Esterházy mansion and an old castle with an archive and a gallery which included a painting of Leonardo da Vinci. The theatre was built in 1889. The mansion is surrounded by the English garden (140 hectares)." In 1938, the village of Tóváros was annexed to Tata. So thus, the city was renamed ''Tatatóváros'' but only for a short while; one year later, it was named Tata again. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, Tata was captured by
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
troops of the
2nd Ukrainian Front The 2nd Ukrainian Front () was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. History On October 20, 1943, the Steppe Front was renamed the 2nd Ukrainian Front. In mid-May 1944 Malinovsky took over the 2nd Ukrainian Front. During t ...
on 19 March 1945 during the course of the
Vienna Offensive The Vienna offensive was an offensive launched by the Soviet 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in order to capture Vienna, Austria, during World War II. The offensive lasted from 16 March to 15 April 1945. After several days of street-to-street figh ...
. Tata was granted town status in 1954.


Main sights

* Castle next to the Öreg-tó (Old Lake) * The Esterházy Palace * Heroes' Square with World War I monument and synagogue * Kossuth Square with town hall * The parish church of Tata * The Capuchin church * Calvary Hill * Lookout tower * Water mills * Belfry * The English Park * False ruins * Fényes Bath * Turkish Mescid


Notable people

*
Móric Fischer de Farkasházy Moric, Móric and Mořic is a surname and a given name, a variant of English Maurice (name), Maurice and German Moritz (name), Moritz. Notable people with the name include: Given name *Maurice Benyovszky (Hungarian: Móric Benyovszky; 1746–1786) ...
(1799–1880), porcelain-manufacturer, one of the founders of the Herend Porcelain manufactory in 1839 * Csilla Földi (born 1968), retired weightlifter * Lívia Járóka (born 1974), politician (
Fidesz Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Alliance (; ) is a national-conservative political party in Hungary led by Viktor Orbán. It has increasingly identified as illiberal. Originally formed in 1988 under the name of Alliance of Young Democrats () as ...
), first Romani woman to be elected to the
European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it ...
* Dávid Korányi, political adviser * Dóra Lőwy (born 1977), former team handball player and Olympic medalist *
Joci Pápai József "Joci" Pápai (; born 22 September 1981) is a Hungarian singer, rapper and guitarist of Romani people in Hungary, Romani descent. He represented Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017, Hungary at the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 wit ...
(born 1981), singer, representative for
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
at
Eurovision The Eurovision Song Contest (), often known simply as Eurovision, is an international song competition organised annually by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) among its members since 1956. Each participating broadcaster submits an origina ...
in and * Zsófia Tóth (born 1989), triathlete * Slavko Wolf (1862–1936), Croatian lawyer, chess player and writer. *
Zoltan Bathory Zoltan Bathory () (born in 1978) is a Hungarian-American musician and martial artist. He is the founder and rhythm guitarist of Las Vegas-based heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. In 2010, he won the Metal Hammer Golden God award for "Be ...
(Born 1978), founder and rhythm guitarist of
Five Finger Death Punch Five Finger Death Punch, also abbreviated as 5FDP or FFDP, is an American Heavy metal music, heavy metal band from Las Vegas, Nevada, formed in 2005. The band originally consisted of vocalist Ivan Moody, rhythm guitarist Zoltan Bathory, lead g ...
.


Twin towns – sister cities

Tata is twinned with: *
Alkmaar Alkmaar () is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands, located in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Holland. Alkmaar is well known fo ...
, Netherlands (1985) *
Gerlingen Gerlingen (; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Gaerlenge'') is a town in the Ludwigsburg (district), district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 9 km west of Stuttgart, and 15 km southwest of Ludwigsburg. Gerlingen is ...
, Germany (1987) * Dammarie-lès-Lys, France (1993) * Arenzano, Italy (1994) * Svodín, Slovakia (1997) *
Montebelluna Montebelluna is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, Italy, approximately northwest of Venice. It has an estimated population of 31,000. Montebelluna borders the following municipalities: Altivole, Caerano di San Marco, Cornuda, Crocetta del Montello ...
, Italy (2000) *
Sovata Sovata (; ; Hungarian pronunciation: ) is a town in MureÈ™ County, Transylvania, Romania. Three villages are administered by the town: CăpeÈ›i (''Kopac''), IlieÈ™i (''IllyésmezÅ‘''), and Săcădat (''Szakadát''). In 2004, the village of SărÄ ...
, Romania (2002) *
PiÅ„czów PiÅ„czów is a town in southern Poland, in ÅšwiÄ™tokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 40 km south of Kielce. It is the capital of PiÅ„czów County. The population is 10,946 (2018). PiÅ„czów belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland (Polish: ...
, Poland (2004) * Bystřice, Czech Republic *
Kanjiža Kanjiža ( sr-Cyrl, Кањижа, pronounced ) formerly Stara Kanjiža ( sr-cyrl, Стара Кањижа; ; , formerly ''Kanizsa'') is a town and municipality located in the North Banat District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Kan ...
, Serbia


References


Notes

*Neal Bedford and Lisa Dunford
Lonely Planet, 2009, p. 159-162


External links

* in Hungarian
Tata photo galleryTata at funiq.hu
{{Authority control Populated places in Komárom-Esztergom County Hungarian German communities