''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of about thirty species of

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has Leaf, foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many diffe ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on o ...

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...

s in the (

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Orchidaceae) distributed from

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

, the

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, ''Islands of Destiny'', Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 1000 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, t ...

and

Queensland Queensland ( , commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a States and territories of Australia, state in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous state in Australia. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Austr ...

Description

Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' are evergreen, terrestrial

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of ...

plants with upright, crowded, thin fleshy

pseudobulb In botany, a pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed ''heter ...

s. Each pseudobulb has a single, smooth or

pleated A pleat (plait in older English) is a type of fold formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place. It is commonly used in clothing and upholstery to gather a wide piece of fabric to a narrower circumference. Pleats are cat ...

leaf. The flower stalk emerges from the pseudobulb on the top of a leafless shoot and bears resupinate yellowish, brownish, red or purple small to moderately large flowers. The

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 Etymology The term ''sepalum'' ...

s and

petal Petals are modified leaves that form an inner whorl surrounding the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often brightly coloured or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''corol ...

s are similar in size and shape to each other and several flowers open simultaneously. The labellum is sometimes lobed but always has prominent ridges on its upper surface.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Tainia'' was first formally described in 1825 by

Carl Ludwig Blume Charles Ludwig de Blume or Karl Ludwig von Blume (9 June 1796 – 3 February 1862) was a German-Dutch botanist and entomologist who spent most of his professional life in the Netherlands and the Dutch East Indies. As deputy director of agricul ...

who published the description in ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië''. The name ''Tainia'' is an

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

word meaning "ribbon", "fillet", "band" or "stripe" but Blume's reason for giving this name is not known.

Species list

The following is a list of the species of ''Tainia'' currently accepted by

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online taxonomic database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. History Following the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew launched Plants of the World Online i ...

as of November 2023: * '' Tainia acuminata'' Aver. * ''

Tainia bicornis ''Tainia'', commonly known as ribbon orchids or 带唇兰属 (dai chun lan shu) is a genus of about thirty species of evergreen, Terrestrial plant, terrestrial orchids in the (Family (biology), family Orchidaceae) distributed from India, China, ...

'' ( Lindl.) Rchb.f. * '' Tainia cordifolia'' Hook.f. - Vietnam, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan * '' Tainia cornuta'' Aver. * '' Tainia crassa'' ( H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Peninsular Malaysia * '' Tainia dunnii'' Rolfe - Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang ** ''Tainia dunnii'' var. ''caterva'' ( T.P.Lin & W.M.Lin) T.P.Lin * '' Tainia elliptica'' Fukuy * '' Tainia hohuanshanensis'' S.S.Ying - Taiwan * '' Tainia hualienia'' S.S.Ying - Taiwan * '' Tainia latifolia'' ( Lindl.) Rchb.f. - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. elongata'' ( J.J.Sm.) H.Turner - Sumatra, Java, Borneo ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. latifolia'' - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan ** ''Tainia latifolia ''subsp''. subintegra'' P.O'Byrne - Assam, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan * '' Tainia laxiflora''

Makino , commonly known as Makino, is a machine tool builder with global sales and service, headquartered in Japan. History Makino was established in 1937 by Tsunezo Makino in Japan, developing Japan's first numerically controlled (NC) milling machi ...

- Japan, Taiwan, Izu-shoto, Nansei-shoto (Ryukyu Islands) * '' Tainia longiscapa'' ( Seidenf.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam, Hainan * '' Tainia macrantha'' Hook.f. - Guangxi, Guangdong, Vietnam * '' Tainia maingayi'' Hook.f. - Java, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra * '' Tainia marmorata'' (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sulawesi * '' Tainia megalantha'' ( Tang & F.T.Wang) ined. - India, Bhutan, Assam * '' Tainia minor'' Hook.f. - Assam, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Yunnan, Tibet * '' Tainia obpandurata'' H.Turner - Sumatra, Borneo * '' Tainia papuana'' J.J.Sm. - New Guinea, Solomons * '' Tainia paucifolia'' (

Breda Breda ( , , , ) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Brabant. ...

) J.J.Sm. - Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra * '' Tainia ponggolensis'' ( A.L.Lamb ex H.Turner) J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah * '' Tainia purpureifolia'' Carr - Borneo * '' Tainia scapigera'' (Hook.f.) J.J.Sm. - Borneo * '' Tainia serratiloba'' Ormerod - western New Guinea * '' Tainia simondii'' ( Seidenf. ex Aver.) ined. - Vietnam * '' Tainia speciosa'' Blume - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra * '' Tainia trinervis'' Blume Rchb.f. - Maluku, New Guinea, Solomons, Queensland * '' Tainia vegetissima'' Ridl. - Malaysia, Borneo * '' Tainia wrayana'' ( Hook.f.) J.J.Sm. - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra

Distribution and habitat

Orchids in the genus ''Tainia'' grow in high rainfall, shady forests. They are found in

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

and Japan, then south from

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

and some

Pacific Islands The Pacific islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term ''Pacific Islands'' may refer to one of several ...

. Thirteen species, of which two are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

are found in

. The only Australian species, '' T. trinervis'' also occurs in New Guinea and some Pacific Islands.

References

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q2867938 Collabieae genera