Sébastien De Brossard
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Sébastien de Brossard (; 12 September 165510 August 1730) was a French music theorist, composer and collector.


Life

Brossard was born in Dompierre, Orne. After studying
philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
and
theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...
at
Caen Caen (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune inland from the northwestern coast of France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Calvados (department), Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inha ...
, he studied music and established himself in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
in 1678 and remained there until 1687. He briefly was the private tutor of the young son of Nicolas-Joseph Foucault, a collector and bibliophile. He became a very close friend to Étienne Loulié, one of the musicians who performed the Italianate works that
Marc-Antoine Charpentier Marc-Antoine Charpentier (; 1643 – 24 February 1704) was a French Baroque composer during the reign of Louis XIV. One of his most famous works is the main theme from the prelude of his ''Te Deum'' ''H.146, Marche en rondeau''. This theme is st ...
was composing for Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise, better known as "Mademoiselle de Guise." While in Paris, he also became close to
Samuel Morland Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulic ...
, an English inventor and polymath who was working with Joseph Sauveur, a mathematician, on the Machine de Marly. It was during talks about music with Morland that Brossard deduced the role that a
major third In music theory, a third is a Interval (music), musical interval encompassing three staff positions (see Interval (music)#Number, Interval number for more details), and the major third () is a third spanning four Semitone, half steps or two ...
versus a
minor third In music theory, a minor third is a interval (music), musical interval that encompasses three half steps, or semitones. Staff notation represents the minor third as encompassing three staff positions (see: interval (music)#Number, interval numb ...
play in differentiating a
major scale The major scale (or Ionian mode) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music. It is one of the diatonic scales. Like many musical scales, it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at doubl ...
from a
minor scale In Classical_music, Western classical music theory, the minor scale refers to three Scale (music), scale patterns – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending). ...
. These contacts shaped Brossard's future preoccupations. He enthusiastically embraced Italian music; he became a collector of musical manuscripts and music treatises; he perfected his knowledge of musical theory; and autodidact though he was, he honed his compositional skills. In 1687, Brossard was named a
vicar A vicar (; Latin: '' vicarius'') is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, ''vicar'' is cognate with the English p ...
at the
Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...
Cathedral. He remained there until 1698. He founded an Académie de Musique at Strasbourg in 1687 and arranged Lully's ''Alceste'' for performance there. It was during the decade he spent in Strasbourg that he acquired the bulk of his music library, which has since become legendary. A collection of 157 sonatas acquired by Brossard bears the name ''Codex Rost,'' after the Cantor at
Baden-Baden Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the states of Germany, state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos (river), Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the ...
, Franz Rost (1640-1688). It is sometimes the only source of works by certain German and Italian composers of the 17th century. In 1698, Brossard was appointed chapel master at the Meaux Cathedral and remained in that post until 1715. After his retirement, he worked on liturgical publications for the diocese. He died in
Meaux Meaux () is a Communes of France, commune on the river Marne (river), Marne in the Seine-et-Marne Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in the Functional area (France), metropolitan area of Paris, Franc ...
in 1730, at age 75.


Writings

Brossard wrote a book on Greek, Latin, and Italian musical terms, the first music dictionary in French, in 1703. In 1724, he offered his very rich library, together with its annotated catalogue, to
Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reached maturity (then defi ...
, in exchange for a pension. Among the items in the collection were the unpublished manuscripts of his late friend Étienne Loulié, and his own set of four motets '' Leçons des mortes'', written in 1696-7. A manuscript work of 393 pages accompanied by an alphabetical index of 253 pages, this catalogue today constitutes an incomparable source of information on music bibliography, the quality of printings, aesthetics, and the musical theory of the era. The manuscript (now available in published form) is kept at the Music Department of the
Bibliothèque nationale de France The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including bo ...
.


Compositions


Motets

* ''Ave vivens hostia'' (version de la source PR.I - 1702) SdB.23 * ''Ave vivens hostia'' (version de la source Ms, BERK) SdB.23 * ''O Jesu quam dulce'' SdB.24 * ''Congratulamini filiæ Syon'' SdB.25 * ''O vos ætherei'' SdB.26 * ''Festivi martyres'' SdB.27 * ''Angele sancte'' SdB.28 * ''Sonitus armorum'' SdB.29 * ''Quemadmodum desiderat cervus'' SdB.30 * ''O plenus irarum dies'' SdB.31 * ''Salve Rex Christe - Salve regina'' SdB.32 * ''O Domine quia refugium'' SdB.33 * ''Qui non diligent te'' SdB.34 * ''Festis læta sonent'' SdB.35 * ''Psallite superi'' SdB.36 * ''Templa nunc fument'' SdB.37 * ''Sicut cervus ad fontes'' SdB.38 * ''O Mysterium ineffabile'' SdB.39 * ''Pange lingua'' SdB.40 * ''Lauda anima mea'' SdB.41 * ''Pulchra chora anima'' SdB.42 4 Leçons des morts * ''Parce mihi Domine'' SdB.43 * ''Tædet animam meam'' SdB.44 * ''Manus tua facerunt me'' SdB.45 * ''Responde mihi'' SdB.46 * ''Nisi Dominus'' SdB.47 * ''Elevation pro die purificationis, Stupete gentes'' SdB.48 * ''Beati immaculati'' SdB.49 * ''Canticum in honorem S. Cæcilliæ, in cymbalis et organo'' SdB.50 * ''Canticum in honorem S.pii Quinti, felix Dominici'' SdB.51 * ''Silentium dormi'' SdB.52 * ''Miserere mei Deus'' SdB.53 * ''Magnificat'' SdB.54 9 Leçons de Ténèbres SdB.57 à SdB.65 : * ''Première leçon de Ténèbres du Mercredi Saint'' (1696-1697) * ''Première leçon de Ténèbres du Jeudi Saint'' * ''Première leçons de Ténèbres du Vendredi Saint'' * ''Deuxième leçon de Ténèbres du Mercredi Saint'' * ''Deuxième leçon de Ténèbres du Jeudi Saint'' * ''Deuxième leçon de Ténèbres du Vendredi Saint'' * ''Troisième leçon de Ténèbres du Mercredi Saint'' * ''Troisième leçon de Ténèbres du Jeudi Saint'' * ''Troisième leçon de Ténèbres du Vendredi Saint''


Œuvres scéniques

* ''Typhon & les Géants'' SdB.67 * ''Concert sur l'Alceste de Lully'' SdB.69 * ''Intermèdes'' SdB.68


Œuvres chorales

* ''Retribue servo tuo'' SdB.4 * ''Missa quinti toni'' (Messe de Noël) SdB.5 * ''O miraculum navitatis'' SdB.6 * ''Stabat Mater'' SdB.8 * ''Cantique à Ste Cécile'' SdB.9 * ''Ave verum corpus'' SdB.10


Cantates

* ''Cantate morale sopra La vanita'' SdB.76 * ''Leandro'' SdB.77 * ''Judith'' SdB.72 * ''Abraham'' SdB.69 * ''La cheutte de Salomon'' SdB.71 * ''Les misères humaines'' SdB.75 * ''Les Trois enfans de la fournaise'' SdB.73 * ''Samson et Dalila'' SdB.70


Oratorios

* ''Dialogus Pœnitentis animæ'', SdB.55 * ''Oratorio sopra L’immaculata'', SdB.56


Grands Motets

* ''In convertendo Dominus'' SdB.2 * Miserere mei Deus SdB.1 * ''Canticum eucharisticum'' SdB.3


Musique instrumentale

* ''Première courante'' SdB.214 * ''Seconde courante'' SdB.215 * ''Sonate pour violon et basse continue'' SdB.216 * ''Sonate pour violon et basse continue'' SdB.217 * ''Menuet'' SdB.218 * ''Symphonie'' SdB.219 * ''Sonate en trio'' SdB.220 * ''Sonate en trio'' SdB.221 * ''Sonate en trio'' SdB.222 * ''Sonate en trio'' SdB.223 * ''Sonate en trio'' SdB.224 * ''Symphonie de Noël'' SdB.225 * ''Ritournelle ajoutée au Vidi Impium de Carissimi'' SdB.226 * ''Symphonia ajoutée au Exalta vocem tuam de foggia'' SdB.227 * ''Simphonie pour le Graduel (sol mineur) ajoutée à la missa S. Antonii Padovani de Baldrati'' SdB.228 * ''Simphonie pour le Graduel (la Majeur) ajoutée à la Missa Gaudimus omnes de Cosset'' SdB.229 * ''Simphonie pour le Graduel (la mineur) ajoutée à la Missa Concertata de Grandi'' SdB.230


Airs

* ''Vous demandez, Iris'' SdB.78 * ''Je ne viens plus'' SdB.79 * ''Héros dont le départ'' SdB.83 * ''Vous me dites, Iris'' SdB.84 * ''Un berger amoureux'' SdB.85 * ''Ne crois pas, folâtre berger'' SdB.86 * ''Lisette n'est plus inhumaine'' SdB.87 * ''Pour chanter de bon gout'' SdB.89 * ''Iris, si c'est vous offenser'' SdB.90 * ''Vous m'accusez à tort'' SdB.91 * ''Quand une inconstante bergère'' SdB.92 * ''Je meurs pour vous'' SdB.93 * ''Ah ! Je sens bien'' SdB.94 * ''Chaque jour l'ingrate Climeine'' SdB.95 * ''Ah ! qu'un berger est dangeteux'' SdB.96 * ''Tous les jours dans ce bocage'' SdB.97 * ''Quand je n'aimais que ma musette'' SdB.98 * ''On sait que j'ai pour vous'' SdB.99 * Jeanne et Colin ''SdB.100'' * ''Vous que le ciel fit naître'' SdB.101 * ''Que vous êtes heureux'' SdB.102 * ''L'amour, quand on aime'' SdB.103 * ''Non, vous ne m'aimez plus'' SdB.104 * ''Sombres forêts'' SdB.105 * ''Heurux moutons'' SdB.106 * ''Tu gardes tes moutons'' SdB.107 * ''Ne me demandez point'' SdB.108 * ''L'Amour folâtrant'' SdB.109 * ''Que sert à mon amour'' SdB.110 * ''Charmante Iris'' SdB.111 * ''Une langueur extrème'' SdB.112 * ''Je suis tendre et fidèle'' SdB.113 * ''Pour avoir bu de notre vin'' SdB.114 * ''Pour n'avoir su me défendre'' SdB.115 * ''Je suis prêt de revoir'' SdB.116 * ''Consolez vous'' SdB.117 * ''Aimables lieux'' SdB.118 * ''Qu'un cœur souffre'' SdB.119 * ''Peut être de vos amis'' SdB.120 * ''Doux amis du repos'' SdB.121 * ''Ô l'heureux sort'' SdB.122 * ''Quand on est aimé'' SdB.123 * ''Est bien fol qui se délivre'' SdB.124 * ''Chez cette rare beauté'' SdB.125 * ''Soyez tendre, soyez fidèle'' SdB.126 * ''Que le tourment est rigoureux'' SdB.127 * ''Pourquoi me fuyez vous'' SdB.128 * ''Que ces prés, ces ruisseaux'' SdB.129 * ''Qu'on puisse oublier'' SdB.130 * ''Aimons, c'est un plaisir extème'' SdB.131 * ''De vos rigueurs et de mes peines'' SdB.132 * ''Le peu de résistance'' SdB.133 * ''Gardez vous d'être inhumaines'' SdB.134 * ''Mes moutons, mon chien'' SdB.135 * ''Iris au bord de la Seine'' SdB.136 * ''Facheux respect'' SdB.137 * ''Aux lois d'amour mon cœur'' SdB.138 * ''Chaque, chaque instant'' SdB.139 * ''Tandis qu'on vous aime'' SdB.140 * ''Petits moutons, qui dans la plaine'' SdB.141 a * ''Petits moutons qui dans la plaine'' SdB.141 b * ''Je cherche en vain'' SdB.142 * ''Amants quand finiront vos peines'' SdB.143 * ''Je ne saurais donner'' SdB.144 * ''Vous savez tous chanter'' SdB.145 * ''Sans l'amour, les plaisirs'' SdB.146 * ''Je n'aime plus ni catin ni Sylvie'' SdB.147 * ''Pressé de mon dépit extrême'' SdB. 148 a * ''Pressé de mon dépit extrême'' (Annexe) SdB.148 b * ''Iris, est-il un cœur'' SdB.149 * ''Vous ne m'entendrez plus'' SdB.150 * ''En vain je languis'' SdB.151 * ''Dans ce vaste univers'' SdB.152 * ''Retirons nous dans les hameaux'' SdB.169 * ''Feuillages, bois'' SdB.170 * ''La fierté sied bien'' SdB.171 * ''Lisette me dit'' SdB.172 * ''Tout ce qui flatte'' SdB.173 * ''Une flamme satisfaite'' SdB.174 * ''Dans ces lieux rêvons'' SdB.175 * ''Les amants pour se saisfaire'' SdB.176 * ''Déjà l'hiver menace'' SdB.177 * ''Mes moutons sont tous languissants'' SdB.178 a * ''Mes moutons sont tous languissants'' SdB.178 b * ''Petits agneaux'' SdB.179 * ''Si je n'avais promis'' SdB.180 * ''Quand on aime et qu'on est sage'' SdB.181 * ''Ah ! n'aimerez vous point'' SdB.182 * ''J'aime une blonde'' SdB.183 * ''Tu ne dois pas, jeune Lisette'' SdB.184 * ''Il est doux, belle bergère'' SdB.185 * ''Il faut partir'' SdB.186 * ''Amants qui soupirez'' SdB.187 * ''Tant que dans nos hameaux'' SdB.188 * ''Je crains plus que le tonnerre'' SdB.189 * ''Qu'on ne me serve plus'' SdB.190 * ''Puisque la campagne'' SdB.191 * ''Au vent les étendards'' SdB.192 * ''Chantons tous trois'' SdB.193 * ''Amour ne trouble pas'' SdB.194 * ''Quel courroux ! quelle rage'' SdB.195 a * ''Quel cahos quel mélange'' (annexe) SdB.195 b * ''Quand je suis las'' SdB.196 * ''Bacchus et l'amour'' SdB.197 * ''Pour passer le temps'' SdB.198 * ''Alerte vignerons'' SdB.199 * ''Nos bergères sont légères'' SdB.200 * ''Jeune et charmante Iris'' SdB.201 * ''J'allais mourir d'amour'' SdB.202 * ''Que maudit soit le fracas'' SdB.203 * ''Amis, j'ai trouvé le secret'' SdB.204 * ''Ah ! quelle folie d'aimer'' SdB.205 * ''Au doux son de ma flûte'' SdB.210 * ''On me reproche en vain'' SdB.211 * ''Vents, qui dans nos forêts'' SdB.213


Discography

* ''Cantiques sacrez, Salve Rex Christe, Psallite Superi, Qui non diligit te, O Domine quia refugium, Templa nunc fument, Oratorio seu Dialogus Pœnitentis animæ cum Deo, Festis lasta sonens'', Noémie Rime, soprano, Jean-Paul Fouchécourt, alto et ténor, Ian Honeyman, ténor, Bernard Deletré, basse, Le Parlement de Musique, dir. Martin Gester CD Opus 111 1992. * ''Messe du Ve ton (Messe de Noël) (SdB.5), Stabat Mater (SdB.8)'', Maitrise de Haute Bretagne, Geoffrey Marshall, orgue, Claire Devilleneuve, violoncelle baroque, dir. Jean-Michel Noël CD M.H.B. 02 1993. * ''Missa quinti toni pour la fête de Noël (SdB.5)'', Ensemble vocal du Parlement de Musique, direction et orgue Martin Gester CD France Musique collection Tempéraments 1996. * ''Première leçon des morts, Troisième leçon des morts, Quatrième Leçon des morts'', pour dessus et hautre-contre, deux violons et basse continue, Sonate en trio pour deux violons et basse continue, Dialogus pœnitentis animæ com Deo pour dessus et alto, deux violons, basson et orgue obligés, Véronique Gens, dessus, Gérard Lesne, haute-contre et dir. Il Seminario Musicale. CD Virgin veritas 1997. * ''Grands motets, In convertendo Dominus'' (SdB.2)'', Miserere mei Deus'' (SdB.1)'', Canticum eucharisticum pro pace'' (SdB.3), solistes, Chœur de chambre Accentus, Ensemble baroque de Limoges, dir. Christophe Coin CD Auvidis Astrée 1997. * ''Missa quinti toni pour la fête de Noël'', (SdB.5), ''Stabat mater'', (SdB;8) ''Retribue servo tue'' (SdB.4), Les Pages & les Chantres de la Chapelle, Le Mercure galant, dir. Olivier Schneebeli CD Auvidis Astrée 1997. * ''Canticum primum, Canticum secundum, Canticum quartum, Canticum quintum'', Isabelle Desrochers, soprano, Frédéric Désenclos, orgue CD Auvidis Astrée 1998. * ''Oratorio Sopra l'immaculata Conceptione Della B. Vergine (''SdB.56), ''Sonata 2da'' (ut majeur) (SdB.224), ''Cantate Leandro'' (SdB.77)'', Dialogus Pœnitentis Animæ cum Deo'' (SdB.55), Ensemble La Rêveuse, dir. Benjamin Perrot / Florence Bolton, Emmanuel Mandrin, orgue, Bertrand Cuiller, clavecin CD Mirare 2011. * ''Sonate en trio en mi mineur'' (SdB.220)'', Sonate en trio en la mineur'' (SdB.223)'', Stabat mater'' (SdB.8), La Nuova Musica, dir. David Bates CD HMU 807659 Harmonia Mundi USA 2016. * ''Silentium dormi'' (SdB.52), Ensemble Sébastien de Brossard, dir. Fabien Armangaud CD ENP 001 Enphases 2017. * ''Miserere mei Deus, Stabat mater, Ave verum corpus'', Les Arts Florissants, dir. Paul Agnew CD Harmonia Mundi 2018. * ''Sonate en trio in A minor, Sonate in C major, Sonate in D major'', Ensemble Diderot CD Audax Records 2019. Diapason d’or, Choc Classica.


References

*Yolande de Brossard, ''Sébastien de Brossard, théoricien et compositeur, encyclopédiste et maître de chapelle'', (Paris: Picard, 1987) *Yolande de Brossard, ed., ''La Collection de Sébastien de Brossard, 1655-1730'' (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 1994), a scholarly edition of Brossard's famous catalogue. *Jean Duron, ''L'œuvre de Sébastien de Brossard (1655-1730),'' (Paris: Klincksieck, 1995), a thematic catalog with a very useful introduction. *Jean Duron, ed., ''Sébastien de Brossard, Musicien'' (Paris: Klincksieck, 1998), a collection of articles about Brossard the man, Brossard the composer, and Brossard the collector. * Catherine Cessac, "The Presentation of Lully's ''Alceste'' at the Strasbourg Académie de Musique," in John Hajdu Heyer, ed., ''Lully Studies'' (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press: 2000), pp. 199–215. * Yavor Konov, “Sébastien de Brossard and his Dictionary of Music” (Sofia, Bulgaria: Music Society “Vassil Stephanoff", 2003, 180 p.) *Yavor Konov, “Lexicographic, historiographic & bibliographic Heritage of Sébastien de Brossard (1655–1730): Ecclesiastic, Musician & Erudite” (Sofia, Bulgaria: Music Society “Vassil Stephanoff", 2008, 464 p.) *Sébastien de Brossard, Dictionnaire de musique (2, 1705), translation in Bulgarian, annotations and monograph - Yavor Konov (Sofia, Bulgaria: Niba Consult, 2010, 640 p.)


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Brossard, Sebastien de 1655 births 1730 deaths People from Orne French male classical composers French Baroque composers French music theorists French male non-fiction writers 18th-century French classical composers 18th-century French male musicians 17th-century French male musicians