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The Szydłów Synagogue () is a former
Orthodox Orthodox, Orthodoxy, or Orthodoxism may refer to: Religion * Orthodoxy, adherence to accepted norms, more specifically adherence to creeds, especially within Christianity and Judaism, but also less commonly in non-Abrahamic religions like Neo-pag ...
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
congregation and
synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...
, that is located at 3 Targowa Street, in
Szydłów Szydłów is a fortified town in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in southeastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szydłów. It lies approximately west of Staszów and south-east of th ...
, in the
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship ( ), also known as Holy Cross Voivodeship, is a voivodeship (province) in southeastern Poland, in the historical region of Lesser Poland. The province's capital and largest city is Kielce. The voivodeship takes its ...
of
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
. The stone
fortress synagogue A fortress synagogue is a synagogue built to withstand attack while protecting the lives of people sheltering within it. Fortress synagogues first appeared in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th century at a time of frequent invasion ...
with heavy
buttress A buttress is an architectural structure built against or projecting from a wall which serves to support or reinforce the wall. Buttresses are fairly common on more ancient (typically Gothic) buildings, as a means of providing support to act ...
es on all sides was completed in 1564 in the
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
and
Gothic Survival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century ...
styles. The synagogue served as a house of prayer until
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
when it was devastated by
Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
. During the war it served as a weapons and food magazine. After the war, it briefly served as a village cinema, cultural center and has operated as a
Jewish museum A Jewish museum is a museum which focuses upon Jews and may refer seek to explore and share the Jewish experience in a given area. Notable Jewish museums include: Albania * Solomon Museum, Berat Australia * Jewish Museum of Australia, Melbourn ...
since the 1980s.


History

Completed in the 16th century and rebuilt in the 18th-century, the interior was richly decorated by Jehuda Lejb, an artist who had decorated synagogues in Działdów and
PiÅ„czów PiÅ„czów is a town in southern Poland, in ÅšwiÄ™tokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 40 km south of Kielce. It is the capital of PiÅ„czów County. The population is 10,946 (2018). PiÅ„czów belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland (Polish: ...
. Following its desecration in World War II, the building was renovated in the 1960s for use as a library and cultural centre. The
women's gallery The Women's Gallery was a collectively established and run art gallery in Wellington, New Zealand, showing only the work of women, that ran for four years between 1980 and 1984. History In 1977, artist Joanna Paul developed a project called ...
served as a town library while the main floor was a cultural center. In 1995 the library was closed due to budget cuts and the building stood in need of repair, especially to the roof, which was leaking. The renovation altered the building's exterior appearance, but the interior was preserved intact. The original, built-in, masonry
Torah Ark A Torah ark (also known as the ''hekhal'', , or ''aron qodesh'', ) is an ornamental chamber in the synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls. History The ark is also known as the ''ark of law'', or in Hebrew the ''Aron Kodesh'' () or ''aron ha-Kod ...
is particularly notable. The first official inventory of important buildings in Poland, ''A General View of the Nature of Ancient Monuments in the Kingdom of Poland,'' led by Kazimierz Stronczynski from 1844 to 1855, describes the Szydłów Synagogue as one of Poland's architecturally notable buildings. A further renovation during the 1980s restored some of the former synagogue's historical features, including several unique wall lamps. The renovated synagogue hosts a small exhibition of Judaica elements.


See also

* Chronology of Jewish Polish history *
History of the Jews in Poland The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jews, Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long pe ...
*
List of active synagogues in Poland Before the Nazi German invasion of Poland in 1939, almost every Polish town had a synagogue or a Jewish house of prayer of some kind. The 1939 statistics recorded the total of 1,415 Jewish communities in the country just before the outbreak of ...


References


External links

16th-century synagogues in Poland 20th-century attacks on Jewish institutions Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Poland Ashkenazi synagogues Cultural centers in Poland Fortress synagogues Former Orthodox synagogues in Poland Gothic architecture in Poland Romanesque and Gothic synagogues Holocaust locations in Poland Jewish museums in Poland Religious buildings and structures in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship Renaissance architecture in Poland Renaissance synagogues Staszów County Synagogues completed in 1564 Synagogues preserved as museums {{Poland-synagogue-stub