Hereford String Orchestra Spring Concert 2010

A string orchestra is an

orchestra An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * bowed string instruments, such as the violin, viola, c ...

consisting solely of a string section made up of the bowed strings used in Western Classical music. The instruments of such an orchestra are most often the following: the

violin The violin, sometimes known as a ''fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone (string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in the family in regular ...

, which is divided into first and second violin players (each usually playing different parts), the

viola ; german: Bratsche , alt=Viola shown from the front and the side , image=Bratsche.jpg , caption= , background=string , hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71 , hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded by a bow , range= , related= *Violin family ...

, the

cello The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a Bow (music), bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), t ...

, and usually, but not always, the

double bass The double bass (), also known simply as the bass () (or #Terminology, by other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched Bow (music), bowed (or plucked) string instrument in the modern orchestra, symphony orchestra (excluding unorthodox addit ...

. String orchestras can be of chamber orchestra size ranging from between 12 (4 first violins, 3 second violins, 2 violas, 2 cellos and 1 bass = 12) and 21 musicians (6 first violins, 5 second violins, 4 violas, 4 cellos and 2 double basses= 21) sometimes performing without a

conductor Conductor or conduction may refer to: Music * Conductor (music), a person who leads a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra. * ''Conductor'' (album), an album by indie rock band The Comas * Conduction, a type of structured free improvisation ...

. It could also consist of the entire string section of a large symphony orchestra which could have 60 musicians (16 first violins, 14 second violins, 12 violas, 10 cellos and 8 double basses = 60; '' Gurre-Lieder'' calls for 84: 20.20.16.16.12).

Repertoire

The repertoire includes several works by

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

(including '' Eine kleine Nachtmusik''), William Boyce (his eight symphonies are for strings only), and

Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions to musical form have le ...

which dispense with the baroque basso continuo. Some of these works are problematic when it comes to deciding whether they are for orchestra or

string quartet The term string quartet can refer to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them. Many composers from the mid-18th century onwards wrote string quartets. The associated musical ensemble consists of two violinist ...

. Particularly in Haydn's early works it is argued that the inversions of harmony from the occasional crossings of the bass and viola line imply a double bass; the question is not settled, however. Important 20th century works have been written for string orchestra by Bartók ( Divertimento for String Orchestra),

Stravinsky Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...

(''

Apollo Apollo, grc, Ἀπόλλωνος, Apóllōnos, label=genitive , ; , grc-dor, Ἀπέλλων, Apéllōn, ; grc, Ἀπείλων, Apeílōn, label=Arcadocypriot Greek, ; grc-aeo, Ἄπλουν, Áploun, la, Apollō, la, Apollinis, label= ...

''),

Witold Lutosławski Witold Roman Lutosławski (; 25 January 1913 – 7 February 1994) was a Polish composer and conductor. Among the major composers of 20th-century classical music, he is "generally regarded as the most significant Polish composer since Szyma ...

(''

Musique funèbre ''Musique funèbre'' ( pl, Muzyka żałobna; ''Funereal Music'' or ''Music of Mourning'') is a composition for string orchestra by the Polish composer Witold Lutosławski, completed in 1958. History Lutosławski began composing ''Musique funèbr ...

''),

Benjamin Britten Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976, aged 63) was an English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other ...

('' Simple Symphony'' and '' Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge''), Charles Wuorinen (''Grand Bamboula''), and

Malcolm Williamson Malcolm Benjamin Graham Christopher Williamson, (21 November 19312 March 2003) was an Australian composer. He was the Master of the Queen's Music from 1975 until his death. Biography Williamson was born in Sydney in 1931; his father was an ...

( Symphony No. 7). Sir

Michael Tippett Sir Michael Kemp Tippett (2 January 1905 – 8 January 1998) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War. In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten ...

wrote a '' Concerto for Double String Orchestra'' and

Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams, (; 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over ...

wrote a ''Partita for Double String Orchestra''. Composers who have written a

Serenade In music, a serenade (; also sometimes called a serenata, from the :it:Serenata (musica), Italian) is a musical composition or performance delivered in honor of someone or something. Serenades are typically calm, light pieces of music. The term c ...

for string orchestra include

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer whose music would make a lasting impression internationally. He wrote some of the most pop ...

, Dvořák, Suk and

Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, (; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestr ...

Mendelssohn Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 18094 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early Romantic period. Mendelssohn's compositions include sym ...

, in his youth, also wrote thirteen symphonies for string orchestra. Sometimes works originally written for string quartet, quintet, sextet etc. are arranged for string orchestra.

Samuel Barber Samuel Osmond Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer, pianist, conductor, baritone, and music educator, and one of the most celebrated composers of the 20th century. The music critic Donal Henahan said, "Proba ...

's '' Adagio for Strings'',

Alban Berg Alban Maria Johannes Berg ( , ; 9 February 1885 – 24 December 1935) was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with the twelve-tone technique. Although he left a relatively sm ...

's 3 Pieces from his ''Lyric Suite'',

Arnold Schoenberg Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (, ; ; 13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was as ...

's string sextet '' Verklärte Nacht'' and String Quartet No. 2,

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , group=n ( ; 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic music, Romantic period. He was the first Russian composer Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, whose music would make a lasting impressi ...

's sextet '' Souvenir de Florence'', John Corigliano's Second String Quartet and

Jean Sibelius Jean Sibelius ( ; ; born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius; 8 December 186520 September 1957) was a Finnish composer of the late Romantic and early-modern periods. He is widely regarded as his country's greatest composer, and his music is often ...

's ''

Andante Festivo ''Andante Festivo'' () is a single-movement composition by Jean Sibelius, originally scored for string quartet in 1922. In 1938, the composer rescored the piece for string orchestra and timpani. On 1 January 1939 Sibelius conducted his compositio ...

'' are examples. An optional timpani part is also added in the Sibelius piece. The work ''

Shaker Loops ''Shaker Loops'' is a 1978 composition by American composer John Adams, originally written for string septet. The original "modular" score, published by Associated Music Publisher, has since been withdrawn and replaced by a 1983 string orchestra ...

'' written in 1978 for septet then arranged in 1983 for string orchestra by the American composer

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

has become a popular addition to the repertoire in recent times.

Graham Waterhouse Graham Waterhouse (born 2 November 1962) is an English composer and cellist who specializes in chamber music. He has composed a cello concerto, '' Three Pieces for Solo Cello'' and '' Variations for Cello Solo'' for his own instrument, and str ...

composed several works for string orchestra (''Sinfonietta''), also in combination with contrasting sounds as

Great Highland Bagpipe The Great Highland bagpipe ( gd, a' phìob mhòr "the great pipe") is a type of bagpipe native to Scotland, and the Scottish analogue to the Great Irish Warpipes. It has acquired widespread recognition through its usage in the British mil ...

('' Chieftain's Salute'').

Works for string orchestra

*Giovanni Albini: ''Una teoria della prossimità'' (2006) *

Louis Andriessen Louis Joseph Andriessen (; 6 June 1939 – 1 July 2021) was a Dutch composer, pianist and academic teacher. Considered the most influential Dutch composer of his generation, he was a central proponent of The Hague school of composition. Although ...

: ''Symphony for Open Strings'' * Lera Auerbach: **String Symphony "Memoria de la Luz" (2013) **Serenade for a Melancholic Sea for violin, violoncello, piano and string orchestra (2002) ** Dialogues of Stabat Mater (after G.B. Pergolesi) for violin, viola, vibraphone and string orchestra (2005) *

Maciej Bałenkowski Maciej (Polish pronunciation: ) is a Polish given name, the etymological equivalent of Matthias. Its diminutive forms are Maciek, Maciuś. Namedays according to Polish calendar: 30 January, 24 February, 14 May Maciej may refer to: Arts and ente ...

: **Sinfonietta no. 1 "Time is ticking" for string orchestra (2013/2014) **Sinfonietta no. 2 "Polonia" - hommage à Wojciech Kilar for string orchestra (2017/2018) **"Farewell" for string orchestra (2016) * Granville Bantock: ''Celtic Symphony'' for string orchestra and six harps *

: '' Adagio for Strings'' *

Béla Bartók Béla Viktor János Bartók (; ; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hun ...

: Divertimento for String Orchestra **Romanian Dances for String Orchestra * Mason Bates: ''

Icarian Rhapsody The ''Icarian Rhapsody'' is a single-movement composition for string orchestra by the American composer Mason Bates. It was composed in 1999 and was first performed November 14, 2003 by the Oakland East Bay Symphony under conductor Michael Morgan ...

'' (1999) * Jeremy Beck: ''Sinfonietta'' (2000) * Alan Belkin: ''Adagio Symphonique'' (2002) *

Luciano Berio Luciano Berio (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition ''Sinfonia'' and his series of virtuosic solo pieces titled '' Sequenza''), and for his pioneering wo ...

: ''Notturno'' (1995) *

Leonard Bernstein Leonard Bernstein ( ; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. Considered to be one of the most important conductors of his time, he was the first America ...

: '' Serenade for Solo Violin, Strings, Harp and Percussion after Plato's "Symposium"'' *

Judith Bingham Judith Bingham (born 21 June 1952) is an English composer and mezzo-soprano singer. Life Bingham was born on 21 June 1952, in Nottingham. Her parents are Jack Bingham and Peggy Bingham (née McGowan). She was educated at High Storrs Grammar ...

: ''The Hythe'' (2012) *

Georges Bizet Georges Bizet (; 25 October 18383 June 1875) was a French composer of the Romantic era. Best known for his operas in a career cut short by his early death, Bizet achieved few successes before his final work, '' Carmen'', which has become ...

: ''Adagietto,'' L'Arlesienne Suite No. 1 (1872) * Ernest Bloch: ''Concerto Grosso'' No. 2 * Nimrod Borenstein **In the night opus 48 (2007) **In the morning opus 51 (2008) **Symphony for strings opus 68 (2014) **Suspended opus 69 (2014) **Yodit opus 82 (2018) *

Pierre Boulez Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez (; 26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor and writer, and the founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of post-war Western classical music. Born in Mon ...

: Livre pour cordes * Frank Bridge: ''Lament'' (1915) *

: '' Simple Symphony'' * Stephen Brown: **''The Carol Suite'' (1993) **''Sunrise Serenade'' (2001) **''On the Idle Hill of Summer'' (2002) * John Cage: ''Twenty-Three'' (for violins, violas, and cellos) Additionally, many of Cage's indeterminate scores could be arranged for string orchestra. * Carlos Chávez: Symphony No. 5 * Nigel Clarke: ''The Miraculous Violin'' * Anna Clyne: **''

Within Her Arms ''Within Her Arms'' is a composition for string orchestra by the British-born composer Anna Clyne. The work was commissioned by the conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. It was first performed April 7, 2009 at the Walt Disn ...

'' (2009) **''

Prince of Clouds ''Prince of Clouds'' is a double concerto for two violins and string orchestra by the British-born composer Anna Clyne. The work was jointly commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the IRIS Orchestra, the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, and ...

'' (2012) *

Paul Creston Paul Creston (born Giuseppe Guttoveggio; October 10, 1906 – August 24, 1985) was an Italian American composer of classical music. Biography Born in New York City to Sicilian immigrants, Creston was self-taught as a composer. His work tends ...

: ''Gregorian Chant for String Orchestra'' (1936) * Tansy Davies: ''Residuum'' * David Diamond: ''Rounds for String Orchestra'' (1944) * Avner Dorman: Concerto Grosso (2002–2003) *

Andrew Douglass A. E. (Andrew Ellicott) Douglass (July 5, 1867 in Windsor, Vermont – March 20, 1962 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American astronomer. He discovered a correlation between tree rings and the sunspot cycle, and founded the discipline of dendrochron ...

: Piece For Strings (''Flight To Tasman'') *

Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ; ; 8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904) was a Czech composer. Dvořák frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the Romantic-era nationalist exampl ...

: Serenade for String Orchestra in E major, Op.22 *

Edward Elgar Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, (; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire. Among his best-known compositions are orchestr ...

: **'' Introduction and Allegro for Strings'' (1905) ** Serenade for Strings *Zoran Erić: ''Cartoon for Strings'' *

Irving Fine Irving Gifford Fine (December 3, 1914 – August 23, 1962) was an American composer. Fine's work assimilated neoclassical, romantic, and serial elements. Composer Virgil Thomson described Fine's "unusual melodic grace" while Aaron Copland noted ...

: ''Serious Song: A Lament for String Orchestra'' (1955) * Gerald Finzi: Romance, Op. 11 (1928) * Arthur Foote: Suite in E major for String Orchestra, Op. 63 (1909) *

Alberto Ginastera Alberto Evaristo Ginastera (; April 11, 1916June 25, 1983) was an Argentinian composer of classical music. He is considered to be one of the most important 20th-century classical composers of the Americas. Biography Ginastera was born in Bue ...

: ''Concerto per corde'', Op. 33 (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra) *

Philip Glass Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimalism, being built up from repetitive ...

: film score for ''The Hours'' (large string orchestra plus piano soloist) *

Henryk Gorecki Henryk may refer to: * Henryk (given name) * Henryk, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, a village in south-central Poland * Henryk Glacier, an Antarctic glacier See also * Henryk Batuta hoax, an internet hoax * Henrykian articles The Henrician Article ...

: Three Pieces in Old Style (1963) *

Edvard Grieg Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( , ; 15 June 18434 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist. He is widely considered one of the foremost Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide. His use of ...

: '' Holberg Suite'' (originally written for piano then arranged for string orchestra) *

Stefans Grové Stefans Grové (23 July 1922 – 29 May 2014) was a South African composer. Before his death the following assessment was made of him: "He is regarded by many as Africa's greatest living composer, possesses one of the most distinctive composit ...

: Elegy for Strings (1948) * Mark Gustavson: ''Hymn to the Vanished'' (2001) *

Karl Amadeus Hartmann Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905 – 5 December 1963) was a German composer. Sometimes described as the greatest German symphony, symphonist of the 20th century, he is now largely overlooked, particularly in English-speaking countries. Life ...

: Symphony No. 4 *

Victor Herbert Victor August Herbert (February 1, 1859 – May 26, 1924) was an American composer, cellist and conductor of English and Irish ancestry and German training. Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor, he is bes ...

: Serenade for Strings * Alfred Hill: String Symphonies *

Gustav Holst Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodore von Holst; 21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934) was an English composer, arranger and teacher. Best known for his orchestral suite '' The Planets'', he composed many other works across a range ...

: **'' St Paul's Suite'' (1912) **'' Brook Green Suite'' (1933) **'' A Moorside Suite'' (1928) *

Arthur Honegger Arthur Honegger (; 10 March 1892 – 27 November 1955) was a Swiss composer who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. A member of Les Six, his best known work is probably '' Antigone'', composed between 1924 and 1927 ...

: Symphony No. 2 *

Alan Hovhaness Alan Hovhaness (; March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an United States, American-Armenians, Armenian composer. He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers, with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies (surviving manuscr ...

: Symphony No. 31 (1976–77) * Ketil Hvoslef: Serenata for Strings * Charles Ives: ''The Call of the Mountains'' (arranged by Jonathan Dore from the String Quartet No. 2) *Stephen Jablonsky: ''String Thing'' (2018) A serenade in six movements **''The Old Man and the Sea'' (2018) **''Arirang'' (2008) * Karl Jenkins: ''Palladio'' (1996) *David Johnstone: more than 20 published works for string orchestra * Paul Juon: Five Pieces for String Orchestra, op.16 *

Vasily Kalinnikov Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov (russian: Васи́лий Серге́евич Кали́нников; 13 January 1866 – 11 January 1901 ) was a Russian composer. His body of work consists of two symphonies, several additional orchestral wo ...

: Serenade for Strings in G minor * Mieczyslaw Karlowicz: Serenade for Strings Op. 2 (1897) *

Nigel Keay Nigel Keay (born 1955) is a New Zealand composer. He has been a freelance musician since 1983 working as a composer, violist, and violin teacher. Nigel Keay has held the following composer residencies: Mozart Fellowship, University of Otago 198 ...

: Serenade for Strings *

Uuno Klami Uuno (Kalervo) Klami (20 September 1900, Virolahti – 29 May 1961, Virolahti) was a Finnish composer of the modern period. He is widely recognized as one of the most significant Finnish composers to emerge from the generation that followe ...

: Suite for String Orchestra (1937) * Sophie Lacaze: ** ''Y aparece el sol'' (2017) for flute, didgeridoo and string orchestra ** ''Immobilité sérieuse I'' (2013) for piano and string orchestra * Kenneth Leighton: ** Symphony for Strings, Op. 3 (1948-49) ** Concerto for String Orchestra, Op. 39 (1960-61) *

Elizabeth Maconchy Dame Elizabeth Violet Maconchy LeFanu (; 19 March 1907 – 11 November 1994) was an Irish-English composer. She is considered to be one of the finest composers Great Britain and Ireland have produced. Biography Elizabeth Violet Maconchy was ...

: Symphony for Double String Orchestra (1952–53) * Gustav Mahler: Adagietto from Symphony No. 5. * Gian Francesco Malipiero: Symphony No. 6 "Degli Archi" (1947) * Andrew March:

Sanguis Venenatus ''Sanguis Venenatus'' is an elegy for strings by English composer Andrew March written in memory of haemophiliacs (and others) affected by the Tainted Blood Scandal. The elegy was included in a service on 30 March 2011, at Westminster Abbey to ...

(Tainted Blood) Elegy for Strings (200

*

Bohuslav Martinů Bohuslav Jan Martinů (; December 8, 1890 – August 28, 1959) was a Czech composer of modern classical music. He wrote 6 symphonies, 15 operas, 14 ballet scores and a large body of orchestral, chamber, vocal and instrumental works. He b ...

: '' Double Concerto for Two String Orchestras, Piano, and Timpani'' * Nicholas Maw: ''Life Studies'' * Felix Mendelssohn: ** 13 String Symphonies ** Concerto for Violin and Strings *

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

: ** Three Concertos for Piano and Strings in D major, G major and E major, K. 107 (1771 or 1765) ** Divertimento No. 1 for Strings in D major, K. 136/125a (1772) ** Divertimento No. 2 for Strings in B major, K. 137/125b (1772) ** Divertimento No. 3 for Strings in F major, K. 138/125c (1772) ** '' Eine kleine Nachtmusik'' (1787) * Lior Navok: ''Between Two Coasts'' * Ștefan Niculescu: ''Formants'' (1967), for 17 solo strings * Robert Paterson: **''Suite for String Orchestra'' (2011) **''I See You'' (for String Orchestra and Recording) (2015) * Vincent Persichetti: Symphony No. 5 *

Allan Pettersson Gustaf Allan Pettersson (19 September 1911 – 20 June 1980) was a Swedish composer and violist. He is considered one of the 20th century's most important Swedish composers, he was described as one of the last great symphonists, ...

: **Concerto No. 1 (1949–50) **Concerto No. 2 (1956) **Concerto No. 3 (1956–57) *

Ottorino Respighi Ottorino Respighi ( , , ; 9 July 187918 April 1936) was an Italian composer, violinist, teacher, and musicologist and one of the leading Italian composers of the early 20th century. His compositions range over operas, ballets, orchestral suit ...

: '' Ancient Airs and Dances, Suite No. 3'' (1932) * Carl Ruggles: ''Portals'' * Aulis Sallinen: ''Aspects of the Funeral March of Hintriki Peltoniemi'' (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra) *

Esa-Pekka Salonen Esa-Pekka Salonen (; born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish orchestral conductor and composer. He is principal conductor and artistic advisor of the Philharmonia Orchestra in London, conductor laureate of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, and music dir ...

: ''

Stockholm Diary ''Stockholm Diary'' is a composition for string orchestra by the Finnish composer Esa-Pekka Salonen. The work was commissioned by the Stockholm Concert Hall Foundation for the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra and the Stockholm Chamber Orchest ...

'' (2004) *

: '' Verklärte Nacht'' or ''Transfigured Night'' (1899) (originally written for string sextet then arranged for string orchestra) *

Franz Schreker Franz Schreker (originally ''Schrecker''; 23 March 1878 – 21 March 1934) was an Austrian composer, conducting, conductor, teacher and administrator. Primarily a composer of operas, Schreker developed a style characterized by aesthetic plurality ...

: Scherzo for String Orchestra (1900) **Intermezzo for String Orchestra (Opus 8, 1900) *

William Schuman William Howard Schuman (August 4, 1910February 15, 1992) was an American composer and arts administrator. Life Schuman was born into a Jewish family in Manhattan, New York City, son of Samuel and Rachel Schuman. He was named after the 27th U.S. ...

: Symphony No. 5 *

: ''

'' for strings and timpani * Richard St. Clair Symphony for String Orchestra *

Richard Strauss Richard Georg Strauss (; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist. Considered a leading composer of the late Romantic music, Romantic and early Modernism (music), modern eras, he has been descr ...

: '' Metamorphosen'' for 23 solo strings *

Igor Stravinsky Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (6 April 1971) was a Russian composer, pianist and conductor, later of French (from 1934) and American (from 1945) citizenship. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the ...

: ** Concerto in D (1946) **'' Apollon Musagète'' (1927–1928), ballet for string orchestra *

Josef Suk Josef Suk may refer to: * Josef Suk (composer) (1874–1935), Czech composer and violinist * Josef Suk (violinist) (1929–2011), his grandson, Czech violinist and conductor {{Hndis, Suk, Josef ...

: Serenade for Strings, op. 6 (1892) * William Susman: **''Zydeco Madness'' **''Angels of Light'' * Tōru Takemitsu: ''Requiem'' (1957) **"A Way a Lone II" (1981) *

: Serenade for Strings in C major, Op. 48 *Dimitri Tchesnokov: ''Réminiscence d'après la symphonie pour cordes'' *

: **Concerto for Double String Orchestra **''Corelli Fantasia'' **''Little Music for Strings'' *Robin Toan: ''dans la nuit'' (2006) * Joan Trimble: "Suite for Strings" (1951) * Peteris Vasks: **''Cantabile'' (1979) **''Musica Dolorosa'' (1984) *

: **'' Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis'' **'' Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus'' **

Concerto Grosso The concerto grosso (; Italian for ''big concert(o)'', plural ''concerti grossi'' ) is a form of baroque music in which the musical material is passed between a small group of soloists (the '' concertino'') and full orchestra (the '' ripieno'', '' ...

Heitor Villa-Lobos Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, conductor, cellist, and classical guitarist described as "the single most significant creative figure in 20th-century Brazilian art music". Villa-Lobos has become the ...

: ''Bachianas Brasileiras No.9'' * Carl Vine: ''Smith's Alchemy'' *

Claude Vivier Claude Vivier ( ; baptised as Claude Roger; 14 April 19487 March 1983) was a Canadian contemporary composer, pianist, poet and ethnomusicologist of Québécois origin. After studying with Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne, Vivier became an i ...

: '' Zipangu'' (1980) * Julian Wagstaff: ''Treptow'' for String Orchestra (2005) * George Walker: '' Lyric for Strings'' (1946) *

William Walton Sir William Turner Walton (29 March 19028 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include ''Façade'', the canta ...

: Sonata for Strings *

Robert Ward Robert Ward may refer to: Politicians *Robert Ward (MP for City of York) * Robert Ward (1754–1831), Irish MP for Wicklow Borough, Killyleagh and Bangor * Robert Ward (American politician) (1952–2021), American lawyer and politician * Robert War ...

: ''Concertino for String Orchestra'' (originally written for string quartet then arranged for string orchestra) *

: **''

Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp ''Celtic Voices'' and ''Hale Bopp'', op. 36, are two independent compositions by Graham Waterhouse for string orchestra, which were published together in 1998 by Hofmeister, Leipzig. ''Celtic Voices'' was written in 1995, ''Hale Bopp'' was writte ...

'' (1995, 1997) **Sinfonietta (2002) *Anthony Watson: ''Prelude and Allegro for Strings'' (1960) *

: **''Epitaphs for Edith Sitwell'' (1966/72) **''Ode for Queen Elizabeth'' (1980) **''Lento for Strings'' (1985) * Dag Wirén: ''Serenade for Strings'' * John Woolrich: **''Blue Drowning'' (2005) **''It is Midnight Dr. Schweitzer'' **''To the Silver Bow'', double concerto for viola, double bass and strings (2014) **''

Ulysses Awakes ''Ulysses Awakes'' ''(after Monteverdi)'' is a musical composition for solo viola and strings by English composer John Woolrich. It is a creative transcription of Ulysses's first aria in act 1, scene 7 of Claudio Monteverdi's opera '' Il ritorno d' ...

'' * Charles Wuorinen: ''Grand Bamboula'' *

Iannis Xenakis Giannis Klearchou Xenakis (also spelled for professional purposes as Yannis or Iannis Xenakis; el, Γιάννης "Ιωάννης" Κλέαρχου Ξενάκης, ; 29 May 1922 – 4 February 2001) was a Romanian-born Greek-French avant-garde ...

: '' Pithoprakta'' for 46 strings, 2 trombones, wood block and xylophone. * Takashi Yoshimatsu: ''Threnody to Toki'' for Piano and String Orchestra (1980) *

Đuro Živković Đuro Živković, also rendered as Djuro Zivkovic (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђуро Живковић; born 1975), is a Serbian-Swedish composer and violinist. He has lived in Stockholm, Sweden, since 2000. Biography Živković was born in Belgrade, ...

: **''Serenade'' (2002) **''PSALM XIII'' (2014) * Ellen Taaffe Zwilich: **''Partita'' (Violin Concerto No. 2) for Violin and String Orchestra (2000) **''Commedia dell'arte'' (Violin Concerto No. 3) for Violin and String Orchestra (2012) **''Prologue and Variations'' (1983)

Instrumentation

Violin The violin, sometimes known as a ''fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone (string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in the family in regular ...

(1,2) *

Viola ; german: Bratsche , alt=Viola shown from the front and the side , image=Bratsche.jpg , caption= , background=string , hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71 , hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite chordophone sounded by a bow , range= , related= *Violin family ...

Cello The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a Bow (music), bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), t ...

Double bass The double bass (), also known simply as the bass () (or #Terminology, by other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched Bow (music), bowed (or plucked) string instrument in the modern orchestra, symphony orchestra (excluding unorthodox addit ...

References

{{Authority control Types of musical groups Orchestras