Shu-turul (Shu-durul, , ''shu-tur2-ul3''
also Šu-Turul; died 2154 BC) was the last king of
Akkad, ruling for 15 years according to the
Sumerian king list
The ''Sumerian King List'' (abbreviated ''SKL'') or ''Chronicle of the One Monarchy'' is an ancient Composition (language), literary composition written in Sumerian language, Sumerian that was likely created and redacted to legitimize the claims ...
. It indicates that he succeeded his father
Dudu. A few artifacts, seal impressions etc. attest that he held sway over a greatly reduced Akkadian territory that included
Kish
Kish may refer to:
Businesses and organisations
* KISH, a radio station in Guam
* Kish Air, an Iranian airline
* Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam
People
* Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Kish, a former ...
,
Tutub,
Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Nibru'', often logogram, logographically recorded as , EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;"I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, ''The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory'': Vol. 1, Part 1, Ca ...
, and
Eshnunna
Eshnunna (also Esnunak) (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Governorate, Iraq) was an ancient Sumerian (and later Akkadian) city and city-state in central Mesopotamia 12.6 miles northwest of Tell Agrab and 15 miles northwest of Tell Ishchali. Althou ...
. The
Diyala River
The Diyala (Arabic: ; ; Farsi: , ) is a river and tributary of the Tigris. It is formed by the confluence of the Sirwan and Tanjaro rivers in Darbandikhan Dam in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate of Northern Iraq. It covers a total distance of .
...
also bore the name "Shu-durul" at the time.
Sumerian King List
The king list asserts that Akkad was then conquered, and the hegemony returned to
Uruk
Uruk, the archeological site known today as Warka, was an ancient city in the Near East, located east of the current bed of the Euphrates River, on an ancient, now-dried channel of the river in Muthanna Governorate, Iraq. The site lies 93 kilo ...
following his reign. It further lists six names of an Uruk dynasty; however only two of these six rulers,
Ur-nigin, and
Ur-gigir, have been confirmed through archaeology. With Akkad's collapse the
Gutians
The Guti (), also known by the derived exonyms Gutians or Guteans, were a people of the ancient Near East who both appeared and disappeared during the Bronze Age. Their homeland was known as Gutium (Sumerian language, Sumerian: , ''GutūmKI'' o ...
, who had established their capital at
Adab, became the regional power, though several of the southern city-states such as Uruk,
Ur and
Lagash
Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash ( ...
also declared independence around this time.
Inscriptions
A few inscriptions in his name are known.
One, on an administrative clay sealing found at
Kish
Kish may refer to:
Businesses and organisations
* KISH, a radio station in Guam
* Kish Air, an Iranian airline
* Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam
People
* Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name
* Kish, a former ...
reads:
A clay sealing of Shu-turl was found at
Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Nibru'', often logogram, logographically recorded as , EN.LÍLKI, "Enlil City;"I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, ''The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory'': Vol. 1, Part 1, Ca ...
. Another reading "
-Turul, the
ghty,
ig of
gae: ...
is) his servant" was found at
Tell Asmar.
A votive mace, made of dark green marble,
is also known with an inscription mentioning Shu-turul and the dedication of a temple to
Nergal
Nergal ( Sumerian: d''KIŠ.UNU'' or ; ; Aramaic: ܢܸܪܓܲܠ; ) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped through all periods of Mesopotamian history, from Early Dynastic to Neo-Babylonian times, with a few attestations indicating that his cult surv ...
:
A seventeen centimeter long copper axe, acquired on the antiquities market, reads "Su-Turul, the mighty, king of Agade".
A tablet found at
Adab contains the year name "year when Shu-Durul assumed the kingdom".
A one
manna
Manna (, ; ), sometimes or archaically spelled Mahna or Mana, is described in the Bible and the Quran as an edible substance that God in Abrahamic religions, God bestowed upon the Israelites while they were wandering the desert during the 40-year ...
weight
In science and engineering, the weight of an object is a quantity associated with the gravitational force exerted on the object by other objects in its environment, although there is some variation and debate as to the exact definition.
Some sta ...
(in the shape of a
duck
Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...
), now held at the
Urfa Museum, is inscribed with the name of an official of Akkadian ruler
Shu-durul was recovered from a looted context in
Titris Hoyuk.
Votive hammer of Shu-turul.jpg, Transcription of the inscription on the flange of the votive hammer of Shu-turul
See also
*
List of kings of Akkad
*
List of Mesopotamian dynasties
The history of Mesopotamia extends from the Lower Paleolithic period until the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, after which the region came to be known as History of Iraq, Iraq. This list covers dynasties and monarchs of ...
Sources
External links
Known inscriptions of Shu-turul
{{Authority control
22nd-century BC kings of Akkad
Akkadian people
3rd-millennium BC births
22nd-century BC deaths