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Lagash
Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Al-Shatrah, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in Dhi Qar Governorate) was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East. The ancient site of Nina (Tell Zurghul) is around away and marks the southern limit of the state. Nearby Girsu (modern Telloh), about northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state. The Lagash state's main temple was the E-ninnu at Girsu, dedicated to the god Ningirsu. The Lagash state incorporated the ancient cities of Lagash, Girsu, Nina. History Though some Uruk period pottery shards were found in a surface survey, significant occupation at the site of Lagash began early in the 3rd Millennium BC, in the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic I period (c. 2900–2600 BC), surface surveys and excavations show tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ningirsu
Ninĝirsu was a Mesopotamia, Mesopotamian god regarded as the tutelary deity of the city of Girsu, Ĝirsu, and as the chief god of the local pantheon of the state of Lagash. He shares many aspects with the god Ninurta. Ninĝirsu was identified as a local Hypostasis (philosophy and religion), hypostasis of Ninurta in a syncretism that is documented at the latest by the time of Gudea in the late third millennium BC. Assyriology, Assyriologists are divided on the question of whether they were originally two manifestations of the same god, or two separate deities. Ninĝirsu's two main aspects were that of a warlike god, and that of a god connected with agricultural fertility. In Lagash, he was particularly associated with a composite emblem depicting the Anzû bird over two lions. It could sometimes represent him in cultic contexts. Ninĝirsu was an important local god from the Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), Early Dynastic Period until the Old Babylonian Empire, old Babylonian p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ur-Nanshe
Ur-Nanshe (, ; ) also Ur-Nina, was the first king of the First Dynasty of Lagash in the Sumerian Early Dynastic Period III. He is known through inscriptions to have commissioned many building projects, including canals and temples, in the state of Lagash,Louvre Pouysségur, Patrick , ed. "Perforated Relief of King Ur-Nanshe." Louvre Museum. Louvre Museum. Web. 13 Mar 2013. and defending Lagash from its rival state Umma.CDLI Wiki University of Oxford, 14 Jan 2010. Web. 13 Mar 2013. He was probably not from royal lineage, being the son of Gunidu () who was recorded without an accompanying royal title. He was the father of Ak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gudea
Gudea ( Sumerian: , ''Gu3-de2-a''; died 2124 BC) was a Sumerian ruler ('' ensi'') of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled –2060 BC ( short chronology) or 2144–2124 BC ( middle chronology). He probably did not come from the city, but had married Ninalla, daughter of the ruler Ur-Baba (2164–2144 BC) of Lagash, thus gaining entrance to the royal house of Lagash. He was succeeded by his son Ur-Ningirsu II. Gudea ruled at a time when the center of Sumer was still ruled by the Gutian dynasty, and when the Akkadian king Ishtup-Ilum ruled to the north in Mari. Under Gudea, Lagash had a golden age, and seemed to enjoy a high level of independence from the Gutians, a language isolate speaking people who had arrived from regions to the northeast of Mesopotamia. Inscriptions Gudea chose the title of ''énsi'' (town-king or governor), not the more exalted ( Akkadian ''šarrum''). Gudea did not style himself "god of Lagash" as he was not deified during his own ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)
The Early Dynastic Period (abbreviated ED Period or ED) is an archaeological culture in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that is generally dated to and was preceded by the Uruk and Jemdet Nasr periods. It saw the development of writing and the formation of the first cities and states. The ED itself was characterized by the existence of multiple city-states: small states with a relatively simple structure that developed and solidified over time. This development ultimately led, directly after this period, to broad Mesopotamian unification under the rule of Sargon, the first monarch of the Akkadian Empire. Despite their political fragmentation, the ED city-states shared a relatively homogeneous material culture. Sumerian cities such as Uruk, Ur, Lagash, Umma, and Nippur located in Lower Mesopotamia were very powerful and influential. To the north and west stretched states centered on cities such as Kish, Mari, Nagar, and Ebla. The study of Central and Lower Mesopotamia has l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ur-Ningirsu
Ur-Ningirsu ( Sumerian: , ''Ur- D-nin-gir-su''; died 2119 BC) also Ur-Ningirsu II in contrast with the earlier Ur-Ningirsu I, was a Sumerian ruler ('' ensi'') of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2120 BC. He was the son of the previous ruler of Lagash named Gudea. Statue of Ur-Ningirsu A statue of Ur-Ningirsu, dedicated to Ningishzida ( Sumerian: '', DNin-ḡiš-zi-da''), is shared by The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, and the Musée du Louvre, as they own separately the head and the body of the statue, respectively. The statue has an inscription in the back, which reads: File:Ur-Ningirsu ruler of Lagash circa 2110 BCE.jpg, Statue of Ur-Ningirsu, Louvre Museum File:Ur-Ningursu statue Inscription Louvre Museum.jpg, Inscription on the back of the statue File:Ur-Ningirsu Ensi Lagashki.jpg, ''Ur-Ningirsu Ensi Lagashki'', "Ur-Ningirsu, Governor of Lagash" on his statue File:Ur-Ningursu statue Tribute bearers (front) Louvre Museum.jpg, Tribute beare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumer Map
Sumer () is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. Like nearby Elam, it is one of the cradles of civilization, along with Egypt, the Indus Valley, the Erligang culture of the Yellow River valley, Caral-Supe, and Mesoamerica. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of Uruk and Jemdet Nasr, and date to between , following a period of proto-writing . Name The term "Sumer" () comes from the Akkadian name for the "Sumerians", the ancient non- Semitic-speaking inhabitants of southern Mesopotamia.Piotr Michalowski, "Sumerian," ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages." Ed. Roger D. Wooda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ur-Baba
Ur-Baba or Ur-Bau ( or , ''servant of the goddess Bau''; died 2144 BC) was '' ensi'' of Lagash from 2093 BC – 2080 BC (short chronology) or 2157 BC – 2144 BC (middle chronology), roughly contemporaneous with the last king of Akkad, Shu-turul. In one of his inscriptions, he refers to himself as a child of the god Ninagal (). According to inscriptions of Ur-Baba, during his reign, Lagash enjoyed prosperity and independence from the Akkadians. His daughter Ninalla married Gudea, who succeeded him as ''ensi''. File:Girsu Tablet of Ur-Baba.jpg, Tablet of Ur-Baba, Girsu. File:Cone with name and title of Ur-Bau (Ur-Baba), king of Lagash.jpg, Cone with name and title of Ur-Baba, king of Lagash File:Ur-Bau foundation tablet.jpg, Ur-Bau foundation tablet. Walters Art Museum File:Ur-Bau foundation tablet (front detail).jpg, Ur-Bau foundation tablet (front detail). Walters Art Museum File:God nailing foundation-AO 311-P5280789-gradient.jpg, Foundation figurine of Ur-Baba Cuneifor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumerian Language
Sumerian ) was the language of ancient Sumer. It is one of the List of languages by first written account, oldest attested languages, dating back to at least 2900 BC. It is a local language isolate that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia, in the area that is modern-day Iraq, Iraq. Akkadian language, Akkadian, a Semitic languages, Semitic language, gradually replaced Sumerian as the primary spoken language in the area (the exact date is debated), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary, and scientific language in Akkadian-speaking Mesopotamian states, such as Assyria and Babylonia, until the 1st century AD. Thereafter, it seems to have fallen into obscurity until the 19th century, when Assyriologists began Decipherment, deciphering the cuneiform inscriptions and excavated tablets that had been left by its speakers. In spite of its extinction, Sumerian exerted a significant influence on the languages of the area. The Cuneiform, cuneiform script, original ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
En-hegal
En-hegal, also Enhengal ( Sumerian: , ; ), was possibly an ancient ruler of the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. Only one inscription mentioning him is known, the "Tablet of En-hegal", describing a business transaction. If indeed a king of Lagash, it is estimated he would have ruled around 2570 BC. The tablet with his name describes a business transaction, in which a possible King En-hegal buys land. He seems to have purchased about 1,000 hectares of land. A tentative translation of the tablet was published by George Barton. Tablet of Enhegal.jpg, The Tablet of En-hegal records major land transactions by King En-hegal. File:Enhegal King of Lagash (transcriptionl).jpg, Inscription "For Enhegal King of Lagash", with transcription in standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform (, ''En-hegal Lugal še Lagash Lagash (; cuneiform: LAGAŠKI; Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Lagaš'') was an ancient city-state located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enentarzi
Enentarzi (, ''en-en₃-tar-zid'', also , ''en-e-tar-zi''; died 2384 BC) was '' Ensi'' (governor) of Lagash. He was originally a chief-priest of Lagash for the god Ningirsu. He succeed Enannatum II who only had a short reign and was the last representative of the house of Ur-Nanshe. It seems that the power of Lagash waned at this point, and that other territories such as Umma ("Gishban") and Kish Kish may refer to: Businesses and organisations * KISH, a radio station in Guam * Kish Air, an Iranian airline * Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam People * Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name * Kish, a former ... prevailed. Enentarzi probably ruled for at least 4 years. An inscription records that 600 Elamites came to plunder Lagash during the rule of Enentarzi, but that they were repelled. He was succeeded by either a priest named Enlitarzi, or his son Lugalanda. References Kings of Lagash 25th-century BC Sumerian kings {{Anci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Zurghul
Tell Zurghul, also spelled Tell Surghul, is an archaeological site in Dhi Qar Governorate (Iraq). It lies on an ancient canal leading from Lagash of which is lies 10 km to the south-east. Its ancient name was the cuneiform read as Niĝin (or Nina or Ninua). The city god was Nanshe (Nanše), who had temples there (E-sirara) and at nearby Girsu. She was the daughter of Enki and sister of Ningirsu and Nisaba. Niĝin, along with the cities of Girsu and Lagash, was part of the State of Lagash in the later part of the 3rd Millennium BC. Archaeology According to the current excavators, Tell Zurghul covers 70 hectares with two mounds. One mound, known as Mound A, stands 15 meters high and is the site of ancient Nigin. The other mound, Mound B, is about 150 meters to the south and rises to 5 meters in height. Additionally, there is an extensive Lower Town. The western edge of the site features a 200 x 150m feature (Area C) that remains unidentified. On January 31, 1885, the site, then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-ninnu
The E-ninnu 𒂍𒐐 (House of 50) was the E (temple) to the warrior god Ningirsu in the Sumerian city of Girsu in southern Mesopotamia. Girsu was the religious centre of a state that was named Lagash after its most populous city, which lay 25 km (16 mi) southeast of Girsu. Rulers of Lagash who contributed to the structure of the E-ninnu included Ur-Nanshe of Lagash in the late 26th century BC, his grandson Eannatum in the following century, Urukagina in the 24th century and Gudea, ruler of Lagash in the mid 22nd century BC. The site has yielded inscribed bricks naming Ur-Nanshe and Eannatum, but most bricks date from the restoration effected by Gudea. The Gudea cylinders, perhaps the longest surviving text written in the Sumerian language, give a semi-mythical account of the building of the temple, along with a description of the rituals and symbols associated with E-ninnu. Some form of temple to Ningirsu probably existed from the early days of the city. Sumerian go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
