Shalmaneser I (𒁹𒀭𒁲𒈠𒉡𒊕 ^md''sál-ma-nu-SAG'' ''Salmanu-ašared''; 1273–1244 BC or 1265–1235 BC) was a king of

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized: ''māt Aššur''; syc, ܐܬܘܪ, ʾāthor) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state at times controlling regional territories in the indigenous lands of the As ...

during the

Middle Assyrian Empire The Middle Assyrian Empire was the third stage of Assyrian history, covering the history of Assyria from the accession of Ashur-uballit I 1363 BC and the rise of Assyria as a territorial kingdom to the death of Ashur-dan II in 912 BC. ...

. Son of

Adad-nirari I Adad-nārārī I, rendered in all but two inscriptions ideographically as md''adad-''ZAB+DAḪ, meaning “Adad (is) my helper,” (1305–1274 BC or 1295–1263 BC short chronology) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire. He is th ...

, he succeeded his father as king in 1265 BC. According to his annals, discovered at

Assur Aššur (; Sumerian: AN.ŠAR2KI, Assyrian cuneiform: ''Aš-šurKI'', "City of God Aššur"; syr, ܐܫܘܪ ''Āšūr''; Old Persian ''Aθur'', fa, آشور: ''Āšūr''; he, אַשּׁוּר, ', ar, اشور), also known as Ashur and Qal'at ...

, in his first year he conquered eight countries in the northwest and destroyed the fortress of

Arinnu According to the annals of Shalmaneser I, discovered at Assur, an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria, near the modern city of Al-Shirqat in Iraq, he conquered eight countries in the northwest in his first year a ...

, the dust of which he brought to Assur. In his second year he defeated Shattuara, king of

Hanilgalbat Mitanni (; Hittite cuneiform ; ''Mittani'' '), c. 1550–1260 BC, earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, c. 1600 BC; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat (''Hanikalbat'', ''Khanigalbat'', cuneiform ') in Assyrian records, or ''Naharin'' in ...

(

Mitanni Mitanni (; Hittite cuneiform ; ''Mittani'' '), c. 1550–1260 BC, earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, c. 1600 BC; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat (''Hanikalbat'', ''Khanigalbat'', cuneiform ') in Assyrian records, or '' Naharin'' ...

), and his Hittite and

Ahlamu Ahlamu or Aḫlamū, were a group or designation of Semitic semi-nomads. Their habitat was west of the Euphrates, between the mouth of the Khabur and Palmyra. In the 18th century BC, they were first mentioned in the sources since Rim-Anum, a kin ...

allies. He incorporated the remains of the Mittanni kingdom as part of one of the Assyrian provinces. Shalmaneser I also claimed to have blinded 14,400 enemy prisoners in one eye. He was one of the first Assyrian kings who was known to deport his defeated enemies to various lands rather than simply slaughtering them all. He conquered the whole country from Taidu to Irridu, from Mount Kashiar to Eluhat, and from the fortresses of Sudu and Harranu to

Carchemish Carchemish (Turkish: ''Karkamış''; or ), also spelled Karkemish ( hit, ; Hieroglyphic Luwian: , /; Akkadian: ; Egyptian: ; Hebrew: ) was an important ancient capital in the northern part of the region of Syria. At times during it ...

on the Euphrates. He built palaces at

and

Nineveh Nineveh (; akk, ; Biblical Hebrew: '; ar, نَيْنَوَىٰ '; syr, ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ, Nīnwē) was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern b ...

, restored the "world-temple" at Assur (Ehursagkurkurra), and founded the city of Kalhu (the biblical

Calah Nimrud (; syr, ܢܢܡܪܕ ar, النمرود) is an ancient Assyrian city located in Iraq, south of the city of Mosul, and south of the village of Selamiyah ( ar, السلامية), in the Nineveh Plains in Upper Mesopotamia. It was a maj ...

Nimrud Nimrud (; syr, ܢܢܡܪܕ ar, النمرود) is an ancient Assyrian city located in Iraq, south of the city of Mosul, and south of the village of Selamiyah ( ar, السلامية), in the Nineveh Plains in Upper Mesopotamia. It was a maj ...

). He was succeeded by his son

Tukulti-Ninurta I Tukulti-Ninurta I (meaning: "my trust is in he warrior godNinurta"; reigned 1243–1207 BC) was a king of Assyria during the Middle Assyrian Empire. He is known as the first king to use the title " King of Kings". Biography Tukulti-Ninurta I su ...

Limmu officials by year

Annual limmu officials beginning with the year of accession of Šulmanu-ašared. The list is partly derived from Freydank and McIntyre.Eponyms of Shalmaneser 1 – Summary
/ref> The exact order of the earliest limmus is conjectural but the ordering from Šerriya onwards is essentially fixed. * 1274: Adad-šumu-lešir son of Sin-ašared * 1273: Šulmanu-ašared (king) * 1272: Mušabšiu-Šibitti * 1271: Ber-šumu-iddina * 1270: Abi-ili son of Aššur-šumu-lešir * 1269: Aššur-alik-pana * 1268: Adad-Šamši son of Adad-šumu-lešir * 1267: Kidin-Sin son of Adad-teya * 1266: Šerriya (ordering from here onwards is essentially fixed) * 1265: Aššur-kašid * 1264: Aššur-mušabši son of Iddin-Mer * 1263: Aššur-mušabši son of Anu-mušallim * 1262: Qibi-Aššur son of Šamaš-aḫa-iddina * 1261: Aššur-nadin-šume * 1260: Mušallim-Aššur * 1259: Qibi-Aššur son of Ṣilli-Marduk * 1258: Ina-pi-Aššur-lišlim son of Bābu-aḫa-iddina * 1257: Ber-šumu-lešir son of Ete-pi-Tašmete * 1256: Aššur-dammiq son of Abi-ili * 1255: Ber-bel-lite * 1254: Ištar-eriš son of Šulmanu-qarrad * 1253: Lullayu son of Adad-šumu-iddina * 1252: Aššur-ketti-ide son of Abi-ili * 1251: Ekaltayu * 1250: Aššur-daʼissunu son of Ululayu * 1249: Riš-Adad * 1248: Nabu-bela-uṣur * 1247: Usat-Marduk * 1246: Ellil-ašared * 1245: Ittabši-den-Aššur * 1244: Ubru

Notes

References

* Dönbaz, Veysel, and Grant, Frame (1983).
The building activities of Shalmaneser I in Northern Mesopotamia
. ''Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project'' 1 (1983): 1–5. {{DEFAULTSORT:Shalmaneser 01 13th-century BC Assyrian kings 13th-century BC deaths Year of birth unknown