Santo Ângelo is a municipality located in northwestern

Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul (, ; ; "Great River of the South") is a Federative units of Brazil, state in the South Region, Brazil, southern region of Brazil. It is the Federative units of Brazil#List, fifth-most populous state and the List of Brazilian s ...

state,

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

. It has about 77,568 inhabitants (according to 2020

IBGE The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (; IBGE) is the agency responsible for official collection of statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil. IBGE performs a decennial national cen ...

estimate) and the total area of the municipality is about 679 km². It borders

Giruá Giruá is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality in the northern part of the States of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 15,863 (2020 est.) in an area of 855.92 km2. It is located 474 km west of the state capita ...

to the north, and

Entre-Ijuís Entre-Ijuís is a municipality of the western part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The population is 8,938 (according to IBGE 2010 census) in an area of 552.60 km2. It takes its name from the Ijuí Grand River, on which it is sit ...

to the south—it is linked to Santo Ângelo by the state road RS 344. The city is located 443 km (275 mi) from the state capital,

Porto Alegre Porto Alegre (, ; , ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian Federative units of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population of roughly 1.4 million inhabitants (2022) makes it the List of largest cities in Brazil, 11th-most p ...

. The local agriculture-economy produces and deals soy, corn, wheat, swine, sheep and cattle. Tourism in the city is primarily associated with the city's

Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

history and the

Jesuit Reductions The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by ...

in the nearby city

São Miguel das Missões São Miguel das Missões is a municipality in Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. Important 17th century Spanish Jesuit mission ruins are located in the municipality. San Miguel Mission is within Santo Ângelo Microregion, and the Riogran ...

. The Angelopolitan Cathedral in downtown Santo Ângelo is the seat of the

Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo Ângelo The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo Ângelo () is a diocese located in the city of Santo Ângelo in the ecclesiastical province of Santa Maria in Brazil. History * 22 May 1961: Established as Diocese of Santo Ângelo from the Diocese of Urugu ...

. The city is served by Sepé Tiaraju Airport and is home to four institutions of higher education, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), Faculdade CNEC Santo Ângelo, Faculdade Santo Ângelo (FASA) and Instituto Federal Farroupilha (IFFar).

History

Santo Ângelo is part of what's called

Misiones Orientales The Misiones Orientales () (or Siete Pueblos de las Misiones (, Sete Povos das Missões (, ) was a region in South America where a group of seven indigenous villages were founded by Spanish Jesuits in present-day Rio Grande do Sul, the souther ...

and their origins go back to the Spanish period, having part of the thorps being created in the 17th and

18th century The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the Atlantic Revolutions. Revolutions began to ch ...

by Jesuits priests in what are today Brazil's,

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

's and

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

's territory. The reduction of Santo Ângelo Custódio (or Sant'Angel Custódio in Spanish) was founded in

1706 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 26 ** War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians aga ...

by the belgian

jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

Diogo de Haze. It was the seventh reduction of the group known as the Misiones Orientales. It's believed that firstly the reduction was installed near the bifurcation of the rivers

Ijuí Ijuí () is a Brazilian municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, situated from the state capital, Porto Alegre. In 2020 its population was 83,764, making it the third most populous city of the Missões region, behind Passo Fundo and Erechim. Demo ...

e Ijuizinho, and in

1707 In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarv ...

it would have been transferred to the current historic center of the city. The reduction of Santo Ângelo Custódio was consecrated to the Guardian Angel of the Missions, the protector of all the peoples from the missions, therefore it was also called Sant'Angel de la Guardia, like it's written in some spanish documents of the time. It also had a big economic and cultural development, having almost eight thousand people at it's apogee. Destroyed after

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)#Treaty, Treaty of Westminster is signed between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, c ...

, in what's called the

Guaraní war The Guaraní War (, ; literally, Guaranitic War) of 1756, also called the War of the Seven Reductions, took place between the Guaraní people, Guaraní tribes of seven Jesuit missions among the Guaraní, Jesuit Missions and joint Spanish-Portugue ...

, the region stayed abandoned for almost a hundred years. By around

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...

the region started to get repopulated because of the sesmarias paulistas. Emancipated from Cruz Alta in March 22nd of

1873 Events January * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the Unit ...

, Santo Ângelo had a big territory, of almost 10 thousand km². In the end of the

19th century The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, ...

, big waves of immigrants arrived in Santo Ângelo. Germans, Italians, Poles, Russians, Dutchs, Latvians and many other groups coming from europe. It also was the starting point of the

Coluna Prestes The ''Coluna Prestes'', also known as ''Coluna Miguel Costa-Prestes'', in English Prestes Column, was a social rebel movement that broke out in Brazil between 1925 and 1927, with links to the Tenente revolts. The rebellion's ideology was diffuse, ...

, a movement that crossed the country fighting for better social conditions. During the

20th century The 20th century began on 1 January 1901 (MCMI), and ended on 31 December 2000 (MM). It was the 10th and last century in the 2nd millennium and was marked by new models of scientific understanding, unprecedented scopes of warfare, new modes of ...

, especially between the years of 1930 and 1979, the city showed a big industrial and economic development, coming to almost 90 thousand inhabitants. During the

1980s File:1980s replacement montage02.PNG, 335px, From left, clockwise: The first Space Shuttle, ''Space Shuttle Columbia, Columbia'', lifts off in 1981; US president Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union, Soviet General Secretary of the Communist Party of ...

many emancipations happened, shredding Santo Angelo's territory, and reducing it to less than 10% of the original space. Besides the emancipations, a geral break in the industry caused a lot of emigration. In the end of the

1990s File:1990s decade montage.png, From top left, clockwise: The Hubble Space Telescope orbits the Earth after it was launched in 1990; American jets fly over burning oil fields in the 1991 Gulf War; the Oslo Accords on 13 September 1993; the World ...

the city starts a process of ‘resurrection’. the population that was once 90.000 inhabitants went back into raising, due to the reopening of the industries, and the attraction of news investments.

Geography

Climate

It is classified as

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

according to the

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

(Köppen: ''Cfa''). The highest temperature recorded was 40°C on 20 December 2011.

Snow Snow consists of individual ice crystals that grow while suspended in the atmosphere—usually within clouds—and then fall, accumulating on the ground where they undergo further changes. It consists of frozen crystalline water througho ...

is rare, but

frost Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor that deposits onto a freezing surface. Frost forms when the air contains more water vapor than it can normally hold at a specific temperature. The process is simila ...

is common in winter.

Regional minority languages

Riograndenser Hunsrückisch German Hunsrik (natively ''Hunsrik'' , ''Hunsrückisch'' or ''Hunsrickisch'' and Portuguese ''hunsriqueano'' or ''hunsriqueano riograndense''), also called Riograndese Hunsrik, ' or ', is a Moselle Franconian dialects, Moselle Franconian language deriv ...

(Germanic origin) *

Mbyá Guaraní language Mbyá Guaraní is a Tupi–Guarani Indigenous language of the southern cone. It is 75% lexically similar to Paraguayan Guarani. Mbyá Guaraní is one of a number of " Guarani dialects" now generally classified as distinct languages. Mbyá is ...

(autochthonous)''Língua Guarani M'bya'', Diversidade Linguística, Patrimônio Imaterial, Patrimônio Cultural, Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN)
Accessed website: February 28th, 2018.

Notable people

Carlos María de Alvear Carlos may refer to: Places ;Canada * Carlos, Alberta, a locality ;United States * Carlos, Indiana, an unincorporated community * Carlos, Maryland, a place in Allegany County * Carlos, Minnesota, a small city * Carlos, West Virginia ;Elsewher ...

(1789-1852), soldier and statesman *

José Goldemberg José Goldemberg (born in Santo Ângelo, May 27, 1928) is a Brazilian physicist, university educator, scientific leader and research scientist. He is a leading expert on energy and environment issues. Goldemberg earned his Ph.D. in physical scienc ...

(born 1928), physicist

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Santo Angelo Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul Populated places established in 1706 1706 establishments in Brazil