Rødkleiva is a hill located in
Nordmarka
Nordmarka is the mostly forested region which makes up the northern part of Oslo, Norway. Nordmarka is the largest and most central part of Oslomarka. The area called Nordmarka also extends into the municipalities of Hole, Ringerike, Lunner, J ...
in
Oslo
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
,
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
. It was taken into use as a
slalom hill in 1947 and was used for the
combined
Combined may refer to:
* Alpine combined (skiing), the combination of slalom and downhill skiing as a single event
** Super combined (skiing)
* Nordic combined (skiing), the combination of cross country skiing and ski jumping as a single event
* T ...
event of the
Holmenkollen Ski Festival
The Holmenkollen Ski Festival ( no, Holmenkollen skifestival or ) is a traditional annual Nordic skiing event in Holmenkollen, Oslo, Norway. The full official name of the event is Holmenkollen FIS World Cup Nordic.
History
It takes place in Marc ...
eleven times between 1947 and 1963. It hosted the
slalom events for the
1952 Winter Olympics
The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games ( no, De 6. olympiske vinterleker; nn, Dei 6. olympiske vinterleikane) and commonly known as Oslo 1952, was a winter multi-sport event held from 14 to 25 February 195 ...
, which saw a crowd of at least 25,000 spectators. The Olympic course was long and had a drop of . The course gradually fell into disrepair and was closed in 1988.
The hill has several times been launched as a potential location for a
ski jumping hill
A ski jumping hill is a sports venue used for ski jumping. They vary in size from temporary handmade snow structures to permanent competition venues. At the top is an in-run where the jumper runs down to generate sufficient speed, before reaching ...
. The first idea came in 1912; later options to replace
Holmenkollbakken
Holmenkollbakken is a large ski jumping hill located at Holmenkollen in Oslo, Norway. It has a hill size of HS134, a construction point of K-120, and a capacity for 70,000 spectators. Holmenkollen has hosted the Holmenkollen Ski Festival sinc ...
resurfaced during the 1930s and the 1970s, but were quickly rejected. With the closing of
Midtstubakken
Midtstubakken is a ski jumping hill which is part of the Holmenkollen National Arena in Oslo, Norway. It has a hill size of 106 metres, and a K-spot of 95 metres. The current hill dates from 2010, although the first hill at the area was built in ...
, Oslo's normal hill, in the late 1980s, Rødkleiva was again launched as a jumping hill.
Vikersundbakken
Vikersundbakken or Vikersund Hill is a ski flying hill at Vikersund in Modum, Norway. It is one of the two largest purpose-built ski flying hills in the world. Nine world records have been set there, including the current record of 253.5 me ...
—Northern Europe's only
ski flying
Ski flying is a winter sport discipline derived from ski jumping, in which much greater distances can be achieved. It is a form of competitive individual sport, individual Nordic skiing where athletes descend at high speed along a specially de ...
hill—was in the late 1990s proposed replaced by a new hill in Rødkleiva. The plans received support from the
Norwegian Ski Federation
The Norwegian Ski Federation ( no, Norges Skiforbund) is headquartered in Oslo, Norway and is the national representative of the International Ski Federation.
Founded on 21 February 1908, it covers the skiing disciplines of alpine, cross-country ...
, but the municipality and state were not interested in issuing grants and the proposal was finally laid to rest in 2006.
History
Slalom hill
The first proposal for using Rødkleiva for skiing was made by
Fritz Huitfeldt
Fritz Huitfeldt (4 September 1939 – 27 October 2022) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician for the Conservative Party.
Huitfeldt held a cand.jur. degree. He worked in the Foundation for Student Life in Oslo from 1975 to 1987, and in Oslo Bo ...
in 1912. At the time Holmenkollbakken allowed jumps to and Huitfeldt's proposal to build an hill was not taken seriously. In the 1930s, the idea of building a ski jump at Rødkleiva was renewed. However, Rødkleiva was rejected by the board of the
Association for the Promotion of Skiing
The Association for the Promotion of Skiing ( no, Foreningen til Ski-idrettens Fremme, or Skiforeningen) is a large association in Norway promoting Nordic skiing and other outdoor recreational activities.
Skiforeningen was founded in 1883 and has ...
and in 1938 Holmenkollbakken was instead upgraded with scaffolding.
In 1939, the
Norwegian Ski Federation
The Norwegian Ski Federation ( no, Norges Skiforbund) is headquartered in Oslo, Norway and is the national representative of the International Ski Federation.
Founded on 21 February 1908, it covers the skiing disciplines of alpine, cross-country ...
proposed that the Association for the Promotion of Skiing arrange slalom as part of the Holmenkollen Ski Festival, but the plans were interrupted by
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. The slalom hill was inaugurated in 1947, allowing
Alpine skiing
Alpine skiing, or downhill skiing, is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings, unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country, Telemark, or ski jumping), which use skis with free-heel bindings. Whether ...
to be introduced in the Holmenkollen Ski Festival. Slalom took place at Rødkleiva while the
downhill
Downhill may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* ''Downhill'' (1927 film), a British film by Alfred Hitchcock
* ''Downhill'' (2014 film), a British comedy directed by James Rouse
* ''Downhill'' (2016 film), a Chilean thriller directed by Patrici ...
was carried out at
Norefjell Ski Resort
Norefjell Ski Resort ( no, Norefjell skisenter) is a mountain ski resort located in Krødsherad, Norway, on the mountainside of Norefjell. The venue for four Olympic alpine skiing events in 1952, it is located northwest of Oslo, 90 minutes away by ...
in
Krødsherad
Krødsherad (''Krødsherad kommune'') is a municipality in Viken county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Noresund. The municipality of Krødsherad was established when it was separated from the municipali ...
.
[Vaage: 116] The event was named Holmenkollen Kandahar
[Nordbye: 83] and the races in Rødkleiva were organized by
SFK Lyn
Ski- og Fotballklubben Lyn (lit. "Ski and Football Club Lightning") is a Norwegian alliance sports club from Nordre Aker, Oslo. It has two sections; for association football and Nordic skiing. Until 2010 they had a third section, for top-level as ...
.
Permanent cables for telephone and timing were installed in 1949.

A series of upgrades were made to the hill ahead of the 1952 Winter Olympics. A start platform was constructed at the top of the hill to ensure better start conditions. A double pull-hook
ski lift
A ski lift is a mechanism for transporting skiers up a hill. Ski lifts are typically a paid service at ski resorts. The first ski lift was built in 1908 by German Robert Winterhalder in Schollach/ Eisenbach, Hochschwarzwald.
Types
* Aeria ...
was built on the north side of the hill.
Floodlights
A floodlight is a broad-beamed, high-intensity artificial light. They are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports event is being held during low-light conditions. More focused kinds are often used as a stage ...
were installed along the course to allow training and work during the evening. Ten loudspeakers and three microphones were installed as a transportable system. The hump at the top of the hill was leveled somewhat and the earthwork used to build out the bottom of the hill. The road from
Lillevann Station on the
Holmenkollen Line
The Holmenkollen Line ( no, Holmenkollbanen) is an Oslo Metro line which runs between Majorstuen and Nordmarka in Oslo, Norway. Operating as Metro Line 1, it is the route with the fewest passengers and the only one still to have level cros ...
was upgraded and a tunnel laid under the course to allow spectators to gather on both sides.
[Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games: 35] A 200-seat press stand, including work stations and telephone booths, was constructed on the south side of the bottom of the hill. Opposite a stand for official guests was built, with a capacity for 300 people. Boxes at the finish line were built for officials and time-keepers. The upgrades to the venue cost 336,000
Norwegian krone
The krone (, abbreviation: kr (also NKr for distinction); code: NOK), plural ''kroner'', is currency of the Kingdom of Norway (including Svalbard). Traditionally known as the Norwegian crown in English. It is nominally subdivided into 100 ' ...
(NOK). During the Olympics the hill was long and had a drop of , starting at
above mean sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the Vertical position, vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric h ...
.
The
Young Men's Christian Association
YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams (philanthropist), Georg ...
built a cabin at Ruudshøgda, next to Rødkleiva, which was completed in 1961. A new proposal to build a large ski jumping hill in Rødkleiva was launched during the early 1970s, but the Association for the Promotion of Skiing rejected the plans.
From the 1970s, Association for the Promotion of Skiing worked with plans to renovate the hill, especially to fill in the lower section close to Lillevann.
The proposal met little support from the municipality, who wanted to prioritize
Wyllerløypa, which was much cheaper to upgrade. Thus Rødkleiva was degraded to a training course. On 2 October 1986 the city council changed their opinion and granted funds for upgrading the hill. The upgrade would have given sufficient standard to allow
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup
The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts which included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France ...
events in slalom to be held and was part of a municipal strategy to market Oslo as a
winter sport
Winter sports or winter activities are competitive sports or non-competitive recreational activities which are played on snow or ice. Most are variations of skiing, ice skating and sledding. Traditionally, such games were only played in cold ...
s destination.
In 1987, a proposal was made for the
Holmenkollen
Holmenkollen () is a mountain and a neighbourhood in the Vestre Aker borough of Oslo, Norway. It goes up to above sea level and is well-known for its international skiing competitions.
Overview
In addition to being a residential area, the ar ...
area to become a national arena for
freestyle skiing, with Rødkleiva to be made into a permanent
mogul
Mogul may refer to:
History
*Mughal Empire, or any member of its ruling dynasty
Persons
*Magnate
**Mogul, Secret Service codename for President Trump
**Business magnate, a prominent person in a particular industry
**Media mogul, a person who c ...
course. The hill was taken over by
Tryvann Ski Resort
The Oslo Winter Park at Tryvann ( no, Oslo Vinterpark) is a ski resort in Oslo, Norway
Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo ...
in 1988. Plans to build a new
ski lift
A ski lift is a mechanism for transporting skiers up a hill. Ski lifts are typically a paid service at ski resorts. The first ski lift was built in 1908 by German Robert Winterhalder in Schollach/ Eisenbach, Hochschwarzwald.
Types
* Aeria ...
which would connect with the other slopes were launched in November of that year. Rødkleiva was planned as the main competition hill for slalom and would regain its Olympics size.
Det Norske Veritas
DNV (formerly DNV GL) is an international accredited registrar and classification society headquartered in Høvik, Norway. The company currently has about 12,000 employees and 350 offices operating in more than 100 countries, and provides serv ...
withdrew Rødkleiva's approval in October 1988, especially noting the poor condition of the ski lift. The necessary upgrades would cost "millions". In 1989 the municipality proposed building a replacement for Midtstubakken at Rødkleiva, which would serve as Oslo's new normal hill as a supplement to the large Holmenkollbakken.
Ski flying hill proposal
Vikersundbakken
Vikersundbakken or Vikersund Hill is a ski flying hill at Vikersund in Modum, Norway. It is one of the two largest purpose-built ski flying hills in the world. Nine world records have been set there, including the current record of 253.5 me ...
opened as Northern Europe's only ski flying hill in March 1966. The hill was later renovated and expanded ahead of the
FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1977 The FIS Ski Flying World Championships 1977 took place in Vikersund, Norway on 18 February 1977. Switzerland's Walter Steiner became the first-two-time winner of the championships
In sport, a championship is a competition in which the aim is to de ...
and again ahead of the
FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1990.
Holmenkollen National Arena and Holmenkollbakken were declared the national venue for
Nordic skiing
Nordic skiing encompasses the various types of skiing in which the toe of the ski boot is fixed to the binding in a manner that allows the heel to rise off the ski, unlike alpine skiing, where the boot is attached to the ski from toe to heel. Re ...
in 1997, ahead of
Granåsen
Granåsen is a ski jumping hill, located in Granåsen Ski Centre in Trondheim, Norway. The hill frequently hosts World Cup and Continental Cup competitions arranged by FIS and also hosted the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1997
The FIS Nor ...
in
Trondheim
Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, an ...
and
Lysgårdsbakken
Lysgårdsbakken, officially known as Lysgårdsbakkene Ski Jumping Arena ( no, Lysgårdsbakkene hoppanlegg), is a ski jumping hill in Lillehammer, Norway. It consists of a large hill, with a K-point of 123 and a hill size of 138, and a small hill ...
in
Lillehammer. By then ideas had been launched to build a national ski flying hill in Rødkleiva. However, it was rejected both by Holmenkollen director
Rolf Nyhus and ski jumping director
Odd Hammernes, who stated that a new ski flying hill would be too expensive.
In March 1998, former president of the
Norwegian Ski Federation
The Norwegian Ski Federation ( no, Norges Skiforbund) is headquartered in Oslo, Norway and is the national representative of the International Ski Federation.
Founded on 21 February 1908, it covers the skiing disciplines of alpine, cross-country ...
Christian Mohn
Christian J. Mohn (20 April 1926 – 31 December 2018) was a Norwegian ski jumper and sports official. His career highlights included a fourth place at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1950, a second place at the Holmenkollen Ski Festi ...
announced plans for a hill in Rødkleiva which would allow jumps to . The venue, estimated to cost between NOK 100 and 150 million, was financed entirely with private funding; the costs would be covered by drawing between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators to an annual
FIS Ski Jumping World Cup
The FIS Ski Jumping World Cup is the world's highest level of ski jumping and the FIS Ski Flying World Cup as the subdivisional part of the competition. It was founded by Torbjørn Yggeseth for the 1979/80 season and organized by the Internatio ...
event. The plans scheduled completion in 2001. The location was, in addition to the close proximity to Oslo, chosen because the venue would be built tightly to the ground, thus eliminating any wind issues, the main reason for ski jumping events to be canceled. Mohn stated that ski flying was the future in ski jumping and that there would be place for two ski flying hills in Norway. This was rejected by Vikersundbakken-director
Johan Kaggestad who stated that a new Rødkleiva hill would "kill" Vikersundbakken.
By December 1998, Mohn's successor
Jan Jensen was supporting granting Vikersundbakken national venue status in preparation for it hosting the
FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2000
The FIS Ski Flying World Ski Championships 2000 took place on 14 February 2000 in Vikersund, Norway for the third time. Vikersund hosted the championships previously in 1977 and 1990
File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FI ...
. By December, a limited company had been established to continue the planning and construction of the hill. In July 1999, Vikersundbakken was granted a national venue status for ten years, which secured both state grants and the right to hold all World Cup ski flying events the following ten years. After the 2000 World Championships, Vikersundbakken's Torstein Haugerud protested that Bertil Pålsrud, who was both managing director of Rødkleiva Skiflyging and a member of the Norwegian Ski Federation's ski jumping committee, was using his position in the federation to promote the Rødkleiva project.
In February 2003, the Norwegian Ski Federation published an eighty-page report which concluded that Vikersundbakken should be retired and replaced with Rødkleiva. The report estimated that a hill would cost NOK 200 million and would allow jumps to , longer than the then world record hill
Letalnica Bratov Gorišek
Letalnica bratov Gorišek ( en, Flying hill of Gorišek brothers) is one of the two largest ski flying hills in the world and the biggest of eight hills located at the Planica Nordic Centre in Planica, Slovenia.
It was built in 1969 and is name ...
in
Planica
Planica () is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hiking ...
, Slovenia. Rødkleiva was regarded as more favorable because of the ease of transport, high population concentration, and that an all-new hill would allow for better television pictures. The federation's goal was for Norway to regain its status as the prime organizer of ski jumping competitions. President of the Norwegian Ski Federation
Sverre Seeberg
Sverre Knutsønn Seeberg (born 3 December 1950) is a Norwegian sports official.
He was an active dog sled racer, being national champion in the sport. He served as president of the Norwegian Sled Dog Racing Association, co-founded the European S ...
stated that they had offered the
International Ski Federation (FIS) to use Vikersundbakken every year, but that FIS had prioritized Granåsen for the World Cup. Seeberg stated that Norway would therefore focus on making Granåsen the regular venue for the World Cup opening.
Oslo announced in January 2004 that they, jointly with Lillehammer, planned to
bid for the
2014 Winter Olympics
The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (russian: XXII Олимпийские зимние игры, XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 (russian: Сочи 2014), was an international ...
. Deputy Mayor
Svenn Kristiansen
Svenn Erik Kristiansen (born 30 May 1940) is a Norwegian teacher turned politician. He served as deputy mayor of Oslo for a period before becoming mayor of Oslo for a period in 2007, when Per Ditlev-Simonsen resigned. Following the 2007 Norwegian ...
(
Progress Party) speculated that normal hill ski jumping would be replaced with ski flying on the
Olympic program and that it therefore would be necessary to build a ski flying hill in Oslo. In November 2004, a Norwegian Ski Federation committee concluded that a new hill in Rødkleiva should be prioritized and that is would cost between NOK 300 and 400 million. The following month
Minister of Culture
A culture minister or a heritage minister is a common cabinet position in governments. The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy (direct and indirect support to artists and arts organizati ...
Valgerd Svarstad Haugland
Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (born 23 August 1956) is a Norwegian teacher, politician and civil servant.
She was leader of the Christian Democratic Party in Norway from 1995 to 2004. She was Minister of Children and Family Affairs from 1997 to 20 ...
(
Christian Democratic Party
__NOTOC__
Christian democratic parties are political parties that seek to apply Christian principles to public policy. The underlying Christian democracy movement emerged in 19th-century Europe, largely under the influence of Catholic social te ...
) criticized the federation for allowing Bertil Pålsrud and Steinar Johannesen to hold key roles in the decision process, while both owned a 13.3-percent stake in Rødkleiva Skiflyging.
As part of Oslo's bid to host the
, it was necessary to build a normal hill, as Holmenkollbakken only consists of a large hill. Several proposals were made, including converting Holmenkollbakken to a normal hill and building a large hill in Rødkleiva, or building a new hill in Holmenkollen and building a small hill in Rødkleiva. Alternatively, a new small hill could be built at the location of the demolished Midtstubakken, next to Holmenkollbakken. City Councilor for Culture
Anette Wiig Bryn
Anette Wiig Bryn (born 30 January 1964) is a Norwegian politician for the Progress Party.
In her younger days, she was a member of the Young Conservatives.
In 2004, she became city commissioner (''byråd'') of business and culture in the city ...
(Progress Party) supported building a large hill in Rødkleiva and reducing Holmenkollbakken to a small hill.
On 20 April 2005, the Norwegian Ski Federation's board supported, with 13 against 1 vote, to build both a normal and a large hill at Rødkleiva and to close Vikersundbakken. However, the following day Svarstad Haugland stated that the government supported keeping Vikersundbakken rather than building a new venue in Rødkleiva.
Clas Brede Bråthen responded that the federation hoped to build the venue with grants from the private sector, such as
naming rights
Naming rights are a financial transaction and form of advertising or memorialization whereby a corporation, person, or other entity purchases the right to name a facility, object, location, program, or event, typically for a defined period of t ...
, and used
Color Line Stadion
Color Line Stadion is an association football stadium in Ålesund, Norway, and the home of 1. divisjon side Aalesunds FK. It was inaugurated in April 2005 and cost NOK 160 million to build. It is referred to as Aalesund Stadion by UEFA, as nami ...
in
Ålesund
Ålesund () sometimes spelled Aalesund in English, is a municipality in Møre og Romsdal County, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Sunnmøre and the centre of the Ålesund Region. The town of Ålesund is the administrative ...
as an example of a venue that had generated significant funding from corporate sponsors. A majority of the county chapters supported Vikersundbakken, with only 4 of 19 chapters supporting Rødkleiva. The Norwegian Ski Federation's national convention voted on 28 May with a large majority to place first a normal hill and then a ski flying hill at Rødkleiva.
The decision was made despite that no political parties in Oslo supported constructing a ski flying hill and that neither the municipality nor the state were willing to issue grants. There were also concerns from environmental groups as Rødkleiva lies within a protected area. Two days after the convention decision, Vikersundbakken applied to host a World Cup event in 2007. At a public meeting in August, politicians from all parties confirmed that they would not support Rødkleiva and City Council Chair
Erling Lae
Erling Lae (born 16 March 1947) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.
He was born in Oslo, is a cand.philol. by education and formerly worked as a journalist. From 1981 to 1985 he was a political advisor in the Ministry of Consu ...
declared the meeting as a funeral for the project. Yet the federation established a committee, led by Seeberg, to explore ways the venue could be financed and built. In December 2006, Steinar Johannessen stated that he and the federation had given up having a ski jumping hill at Rødkleiva.
Events
Alpine skiing in the Holmenkollen Ski Festival was contested as a
combined
Combined may refer to:
* Alpine combined (skiing), the combination of slalom and downhill skiing as a single event
** Super combined (skiing)
* Nordic combined (skiing), the combination of cross country skiing and ski jumping as a single event
* T ...
event, originally with slalom in Rødkleiva and downhill in Norefjell. Named the Holmenkollen Kandahar, it was inaugurated in 1947.
The event was held in Rødkleiva in 1947–48, 1950–51, 1953, 1957–58, and 1960–63. From 1972 the slalom event was held at
Kirkerudbakken in
Bærum
Bærum () is a municipality in the Greater Oslo Region in Norway that forms an affluent suburb of Oslo on the west coast of the city. Bærum is Norway's fifth largest municipality with a population of 128,760 (2021). It is part of the electora ...
the years it was in the Oslo area and from 1977 it was held in Wyllerløypa when held in the Oslo area. The local sports club
IF Ready
Idrettsforeningen Ready is a sports club in Vestre Aker, Oslo, Norway. The club was established on June 14, 1907 by Aage Blom Lorentzen.
The football club play their home games at Gressbanen in Oslo. Gressbanen was the arena for the Norway ...
was the main user of Rødkleiva for organized recreational sports.
1952 Winter Olympics
During the 1952 Winter Olympics, Rødkleiva hosted the
men's slalom and the
women's slalom,
[Vaage: 123] with the other events taking place at Norefjell. The organizing committee had set up 15,000 tickets for the men's discipline on 19 February, but between 25,000 and 30,000 people attended the race, the surplus who did not pay for tickets. The large popularity was to see Norway's favoured
Stein Eriksen
Stein Eriksen (11 December 1927 – 27 December 2015) was an alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Norway. Following his racing career, he was a ski school director and ambassador at various resorts in the United States.
Background
...
. Although leading after the first heat, he came out of balance in the second and finished second behind Austria's Othmar Schneider.
The women's race held the following day was won by the American
Andrea Mead Lawrence
Andrea Mead Lawrence (April 19, 1932 – March 30, 2009) was an American alpine ski racer and environmentalist. She competed in three Winter Olympics and one additional World Championship (Olympic competitions also counted as the Worlds during th ...
.
[Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games: 231]
References
;Bibliography
*
*
*
*
;Notes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rodkleiva
Venues of the 1952 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiing venues
Unbuilt sports venues
Sports venues in Oslo
Ski jumping venues in Norway
Ski flying venues
1947 establishments in Norway
1988 disestablishments in Norway
Sports venues completed in 1947
Proposed buildings and structures in Norway