Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton is a
civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
in the county of
Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England, bordered by Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh ...
, England, and is north-west from the city and
county town
In Great Britain and Ireland, a county town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within a county, and the place where public representatives are elected to parliament. Following the establishment of county councils in ...
of
Hereford
Hereford ( ) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies east of the border with Wales, north-west of Gloucester and south-west of Worcester. With ...
. The parish borders
Powys
Powys ( , ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county and Preserved counties of Wales, preserved county in Wales. It borders Gwynedd, Denbighshire, and Wrexham County Borough, Wrexham to the north; the English Ceremonial counties of England, ceremo ...
in Wales at its north-west. Within the parish is the final home and studio of the 20th-century Australian artist
Sydney Nolan.
History
Rodd derives from
Old English
Old English ( or , or ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-S ...
'rod' or 'rodu', meaning "clearing" or "the clearing", and was in 1220 and 1356 written as 'La Rode'. Nash is from the Old English 'æsc' for "place at the ash-tree", and was in 1239 written as 'Nasche', and in 1291 as 'Nasse'. Brampton is from the Old English 'brōm' with 'tūn', for "place where broom grows", and was in the 11th-century (DB) written as 'Bruntune', and in 1287 as 'Brompton'.
There are three
manors associated with Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton in the ''
Domesday Book
Domesday Book ( ; the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book") is a manuscript record of the Great Survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 at the behest of William the Conqueror. The manuscript was originally known by ...
'': at Nash (listed as "Hech"), Little Brampton (listed as "Bruntune"), and Bradley (listed as "Bradelege"), all in Herefordshire, and the
Hundred
100 or one hundred (Roman numerals, Roman numeral: C) is the natural number following 99 (number), 99 and preceding 101 (number), 101.
In mathematics
100 is the square of 10 (number), 10 (in scientific notation it is written as 102). The standar ...
of Hezetre whose Old English name, 'haeseltreo', means "hazel tree". The manors were in the border lands of the
Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches () is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The precise meaning of the term has varied at different periods.
The English term Welsh March (in Medieval Latin ''Marchia W ...
, and in 1086 were parts of the lands and
manors of
Osbern fitzRichard (Osbern son of Richard), who was
tenant-in-chief
In medieval and early modern Europe, a tenant-in-chief (or vassal-in-chief) was a person who held his lands under various forms of feudal land tenure directly from the king or territorial prince to whom he did homage, as opposed to holding them ...
to king
William I William I may refer to:
Kings
* William the Conqueror (–1087), also known as William I, King of England
* William I of Sicily (died 1166)
* William I of Scotland (died 1214), known as William the Lion
* William I of the Netherlands and Luxembour ...
. The three manors were described as unpopulated "wastes"—land unusable and untaxed—and listed as with an area defined by 36
ploughlands. Nash and Little Brampton were within the current parish boundary, with Bradley at the south-east and centred on the border with
Titley.
Rodd as this settlement's name dates to the 16th century, and from the Rodd family of Presteigne in the early 1500s. Hugh Rodd (born c. 1572), was a miller at Wegnall Mill at the north-east boundary of today's parish on Hindwell Brook, and son to Hugh Rodd (c1540-c1603). James Rodd (born c. 1575), son to Hugh, became Sir James Rodd and
MP for Hereford. Richard Rodd (born c.1580), built 'The Rodd' house, south from Wegnall Mill, as the family seat.
["RODD, James (-d.c.1666), of Hereford, Herefs"]
The History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 28 November 2020
19th century
Throughout the 19th century Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton, although part of Herefordshire, and now part of the Wigmore hundred, comprised a
township
A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries.
Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
in the
Presteigne
Presteigne (; : the church of St. Andrew) is a town and community (Wales), community on the south bank of the River Lugg in Powys, Wales. The town is located on the England–Wales border, which surrounds it to the north, east and south. Nearby ...
civil parish. The township was part of the Presteigne
county court district, but part of the
polling district
A precinct or voting district (U.S. terms), polling district (UK term) or polling division (Canadian term), constituency(Indian term)is a subdivision of an electoral district, typically a contiguous area within which all electors go to a single ...
,
petty session
Courts of petty session, established from around the 1730s, were local courts consisting of magistrates, held for each petty sessional division (usually based on the county divisions known as hundreds) in England, Wales, and Ireland. The session ...
al division and
union—
poor relief
In English and British history, poor relief refers to government and ecclesiastical action to relieve poverty. Over the centuries, various authorities have needed to decide whose poverty deserves relief and also who should bear the cost of hel ...
and joint parish workhouse provision set up under the
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 76) (PLAA) known widely as the New Poor Law, was an Act of Parliament (United Kingdom), act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by the British Whig Party, Whig government of Charles ...
—of
Kington, later joining the Presteigne union, and by 1885 also part of the Kington county court district. By 1890 the township was part of the
Kinsham and Titley polling district and electoral division of the
county council
A county council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries.
Australia
In the Australian state of New South Wales, county councils are special purpose ...
. The Titley to Presteigne branch of the
Great Western Railway
The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a History of rail transport in Great Britain, British railway company that linked London with the southwest, west and West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, ...
ran through the east of the parish.
The parliamentary gazetteer of England and Wales
', 4 volumes, A Fullerton & Co. 1840-42, p.42["Rock - Rodsley"]
in ''A Topographical Dictionary of England'', ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp.686-690. British History Online. Retrieved 27 November 2020[''Worrall's Directory of South Wales'', 1875, p.322][''Littlebury's Directory and Gazetteer of Herefordshire'', 1876]['']Kelly's Directory
Kelly's Directory (or more formally, the Kelly's, Post Office and Harrod & Co Directory) was a trade directory in Britain that listed all businesses and tradespeople in a particular city or town, as well as a general directory of postal addresses ...
of Herefordshire'', 1885 p.1222[''Jakeman & Carver's Directory of Herefordshire'', 1890. p.624][''Kelly's Directory of Herefordshire & Shropshire'', 1895, (Part 1 Herefordshire) pp.110, 152][''Kelly's Directory of Herefordshire'', 1913, p.174]
Population was 129 in 1801; 157 in 1831; 162 in 1841; 153 in 1861; 143 in 1871; 174 in 1881; 170 in 1891; and 118 in 1911. The township land was , rising to with of water by the end of the century. Land is typically listed as
loam
Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–si ...
y, with a stony or limestone subsoil, on which was grown wheat, barley, and roots (such as turnips), with some pasture land. A chief landowner from the middle of the century was
Sir John Walsham, 2nd Baronet (1830-1905),
JP and foreign
diplomat
A diplomat (from ; romanization, romanized ''diploma'') is a person appointed by a state (polity), state, International organization, intergovernmental, or Non-governmental organization, nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one ...
, of Knill Court, succeeded by
Sir John Scarlett Walsham, 3rd Baronet (1869–1940), with
Sir Harford James Jones-Brydges, 2nd Baronet (1808–1891) listed as a landowner in 1876. The township was part of Presteigne
ecclesiastical parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...
, people attending church, and school, in Presteigne or the neighbouring parish of
Knill. A 1657 charity of £1.
5s was "given in clothes to any poor boy to help him to a start in life", and one of £2 yearly was left in 1727 "for the purpose of helping any poor apprentice of the townships". Letters were processed through Kington, with the nearest
money order
A money order is a directive to pay a pre-specified amount of money from prepaid funds, making it a more trusted method of payment than a cheque.
History
Systems similar to modern money orders can be traced back centuries. Paper documents known ...
and
telegraph
Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas ...
office at Presteigne. Occupation listings during the century show typically six farmers, a water miller, a
blacksmith
A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects primarily from wrought iron or steel, but sometimes from #Other metals, other metals, by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. tinsmith). Blacksmiths produce objects such ...
, a
wheelwright
A wheelwright is a Artisan, craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels. The word is the combination of "wheel" and the word "wright" (which comes from the Old English word "''wryhta''", meaning a worker - as also in shipbuilding, shipwright ...
, a
carpenter
Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenter ...
, and a
lime burner.
[
]
Governance
Rodd, Nash and Brampton is represented in the lowest tier of UK governance by one member on the ten-member Titley and District Group Parish Council. As Herefordshire is a unitary authority
A unitary authority is a type of local government, local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within its area or performing additional functions that elsewhere are ...
—no district council between parish and county councils—the parish is represented as part of the Arrow Ward on Herefordshire County Council.["Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton"]
City Population. Retrieved 26 November 2020 The parish is represented in the UK parliament as part of the North Herefordshire constituency.
In 1974 Rodd, Nash and Brampton became part of the now defunct Leominster District of the county of Hereford and Worcester
Hereford and Worcester ( ) was an English non-metropolitan county created on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 from the areas of the former administrative county of Herefordshire, most of Worcestershire (except Halesowen, Stourbridg ...
, instituted under the Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 (c. 70) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974. It was one of the most significant acts of Parliament to be passed by the Heath Gov ...
. In 2002 the parish, with the parishes of Knill, Lyonshall
Lyonshall or is a historic village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England. The civil parish includes the hamlet of Penrhos. According to the 2001 Census, the civil parish had a population of 750, increasing to 757 at the 2011 Census.
...
, Pembridge, Shobdon
Shobdon is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire, England, about 15 miles north of Hereford, six miles west of Leominster, and 2 miles southwest of the Mortimer's Cross. According to the 2001 census, the parish population was 769, consist ...
, Staunton on Arrow and Titley, had been reassessed as part of Pembridge and Lyonshall with Titley Ward which elected one councillor to Herefordshire district council.
Geography
Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton borders Powys
Powys ( , ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county and Preserved counties of Wales, preserved county in Wales. It borders Gwynedd, Denbighshire, and Wrexham County Borough, Wrexham to the north; the English Ceremonial counties of England, ceremo ...
in Wales for the entirety of its north-west boundary. Adjacent Herfordshire parishes are Knill at the south-west, Kington at the south, Titley at the south-east, Staunton on Arrow at the east, and Combe
A combe (; also spelled coombe or coomb and, in place names, comb) can refer either to a steep, narrow valley, or to a small valley or large hollow on the side of a hill; in any case, it is often understood simply to mean a small valley through w ...
at the north. The closest towns from the centre of the parish are the English market town
A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...
of Kington, to the south, and the Welsh town of Presteigne
Presteigne (; : the church of St. Andrew) is a town and community (Wales), community on the south bank of the River Lugg in Powys, Wales. The town is located on the England–Wales border, which surrounds it to the north, east and south. Nearby ...
, to the north.[Extracted fro]
"Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton"
Google Maps
Google Maps is a web mapping platform and consumer application offered by Google. It offers satellite imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° interactive panorama, interactive panoramic views of streets (Google Street View, Street View ...
. Retrieved 26 November 2020[Extracted fro]
" Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton"
''GetOutside'', Ordnance Survey
The Ordnance Survey (OS) is the national mapping agency for Great Britain. The agency's name indicates its original military purpose (see Artillery, ordnance and surveying), which was to map Scotland in the wake of the Jacobite rising of ...
. Retrieved 26 November 2020[Extracted fro]
"Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton"
Grid Reference Finder. Retrieved 26 November 2020[Extracted fro]
"Rodd, Nash and Little Hampton"
OpenStreetMap
OpenStreetMap (abbreviated OSM) is a free, Open Database License, open geographic database, map database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. Contributors collect data from surveying, surveys, trace from Ae ...
. Retrieved 26 November 2020
The parish, of , is orientated north-east to south-west, at the widest approximately from north to south and east to west. It is rural, of farms, arable and pasture fields, managed woodland, water courses, isolated and dispersed businesses, residential properties, and the hamlets of Rodd, Roddhurst, Nash, and Little Brampton. Two minor routes run through the parish. The B4355 Presteigne to Kington road runs north-west to south-east through the east, and through Rodd and Roddhurst. The B4362 road, which runs to the south through Nash, begins at the B4355 at the east and runs beyond the parish to Knill and Walton at the west. These B roads and all adopted highways—not private, but maintained by the local council—are in the north of the parish and include further country lanes and bridleways
A bridle path, also bridleway, equestrian trail, horse riding path, ride, bridle road, or horse trail, is a trail or a thoroughfare that is used by people riding on horses. Trails originally created for use by horses often now serve a wider ...
. Throughout the parish are woodland walks and footpaths, and private farm tracks.[
]
The parish is within the catchment basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, th ...
of the River Lugg
The River Lugg () rises near Llangynllo in Powys, Wales. From its source, it flows through the border town of Presteigne and then into Herefordshire, England. It meets its main tributary, the River Arrow, to the south of Leominster, then ...
. Through the valley flowing west to east is the Hindwell Brook tributary, at AMSL
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level v ...
, which at the east forms the border with Wales, and where it is linked to the southern subsidiary water course of Back Brook which rejoins Hindwell Brook beyond the parish at Combe. To north of Hindwell Brook, and rising immediately from the B4362, is the woodland valley side of Nash Wood, which rises to over a horizontal distance, and is the site of quarry workings for a lime kiln
A lime kiln is a kiln used for the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate) to produce the form of lime called ''quicklime'' (calcium oxide). The chemical equation for this reaction is: CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2
This reaction can tak ...
mill plant. The valley at the south rises to at its highest, at the top of which runs ribbon woodland from Knill Garraway Wood at the west, through Little Brampton, Wychmoor and Rodd woods, towards Combe Wood at the east.[
]
Landmarks
There are two Grade II* and thirteen Grade II listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Hi ...
s in Rodd, Nash, and Little Brampton, with 74 archaeological sites and historic monuments, and 24 significant sites with research records.["Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton, Herefordshire"]
''Herefordshire Sites and Monuments Record'', Heritage Gateway (Herefordshire Council). Retrieved 28 November 2020
The Rodd, Grade II* listed in 1953, and at , is a red brick house dating to 1629, with 20th-century alterations and extension. Of L-plan, it is two-storey with attic and cellar. The central and front porch is a gable
A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesth ...
reaching to the full height of the house. Within the roof, and either side of the porch, are two gabled dormer
A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a Roof pitch, pitched roof. A dormer window (also called ''dormer'') is a form of roof window.
Dormers are commonly used to increase the ...
windows. The roof return contains further dormers. Windows are mullion
A mullion is a vertical element that forms a division between units of a window or screen, or is used decoratively. It is also often used as a division between double doors. When dividing adjacent window units its primary purpose is a rigid sup ...
ed and transomed, with casements. The interior has "remained largely intact retaining many panelled partitions, fireplaces, doorheads and doors". In both an upstairs and downstairs room is an elaborate fireplace surround and mantel, with frieze, arcades, columns, and coat of arms, the room above with a decorative plaster ceiling. According to Burke's and Savile's ''Guide to Country Houses'' (1980), the house "is a fine example of its date and importantly retaining most of its original fittings without alteration". The Rodd was, from 1985, the final home and studio of the 20th-century Australian artist Sydney Nolan (1917–1992), and his wife, Mary née Boyd (1926–2016), sister to Arthur Boyd
Arthur Merric Bloomfield Boyd (24 July 1920 – 24 April 1999) was a leading Australian painter of the middle to late 20th century. Boyd's work ranges from impressionist renderings of Australian landscape to starkly expressionist figuration, ...
. They established the Sidney Nolan Trust at Rodd, with Lord Lipsey as chairman. The trust was, and is, a residential learning centre for fine art. Adjacent to The Rodd are three Grade II buildings. Little Rodd, timber-framed
Timber framing () and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy Beam (structure), timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and Woodworking joints, joined timbers with joints secure ...
and dating to the late 15th century, is of two storeys, gabled, jettied
Jettying (jetty, jutty, from Old French ''getee, jette'') is a building technique used in medieval timber framing, timber-frame buildings in which an upper floor projects beyond the dimensions of the floor below. This has the advantage of incr ...
, and part weatherboard
Clapboard (), also called bevel siding, lap siding, and weatherboard, with regional variation in the definition of those terms, is wooden siding (construction), siding of a building in the form of horizontal boards, often overlapping.
''Cla ...
cladded. Two timber-framed and weatherboarded barns date to the late 17th or early 18th century. These barns were used as studios by Nolan.["Rodd, Nash, and Little Brampton"]
in ''An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire'', Volume 3, North West (London, 1934), pp.175-177. ''British History Online
''British History Online'' is a digital library of primary and secondary sources on medieval and modern history of Great Britain and Ireland. It was created and is managed as a cooperative venture by the Institute of Historical Research, Universit ...
''. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
Little Brampton Farmhouse, Grade II* listed in 1953, and at , dates to the mid-16th century, with 18th- and 20th-century alterations. Of two storeys, the exterior is rendered timber framing, and of a central hall with a jettied cross wing at each end. The two storey front porch is 17th century. Windows are 2- and 3-light casements. The central hall interior contains a "fine cross-beamed ceiling". Attached to the farm house is a listed outbuilding, timber-framed on a sandstone and brick plinth, with a datestone
A datestone is typically an embedded stone with the date of engraving and other information carved into it. They are not considered a very reliable source for dating a house, as instances of old houses being destroyed and rebuilt (with the old da ...
reading "Jonane Robinson hanc structura edificavit Ano Dom 1637" ..this structure is built...1637 Adjacent Grade II buildings include a further timber-framed slate-roofed farm house, 17th century of single storey and attic with gabled dormers, and a gabled, wooden 19th-century porch. Between the two farm houses is a listed timber-framed 18th-century barn with 19th-century shelter shed adjoined. In the barn is a threshing
Threshing or thrashing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached. It is the step in grain preparation after reaping. Threshing does not remove the bran from the grain.
History of ...
floor.[
At Nash, and adjoining the Hindwell Brook, is Nash Court, listed in 1953 and at , which dates to the late 16th century, with 19th-century re-modelling. It comprises a central hall with a doubled cross-wing at the north-east. The hall, with gabled entrance at the south-east, is single storey with attic; the cross-wing of two storeys. Adjacent at the south-west is the timber-framed slate-roofed Upper Nash Farmhouse, which dates to the 15th century, with additions and extensions in the 16th, 17th and 19th centuries. Windows are largely 2-light casements. The interior contains decorative fireplace over mantels. Between Nash Court and Upper Nash Farmhouse are two conjoined barns of L-plan, dating to the late 17th and early 18th century, both timber-framed and weatherboarded, one of which has a threshing floor. At to the east at , is Little Nash, initially a 15th-century vernacular ]hall house
The hall house is a type of vernacular house traditional in many parts of England, Wales, Ireland and lowland Scotland, as well as northern Europe, during the Middle Ages, centring on a hall. Usually timber-framed, some high status examples wer ...
, timber-framed with brick nog
Brick nog (nogging or nogged, beam filling) is a construction technique in which bricks are used to fill the gaps in a wooden frame. Such walls may then be covered with tile, weatherboards, or rendering, or the brick may remain exposed on the in ...
ging, slate-roofed, and significant for its truss
A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as Beam (structure), beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure.
In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so ...
ing and cruck frames. The open hall range was converted with an upper floor in, or after the turn of, the 17th century. A cross-wing was added in the 18th century. Windows are 19th-century and cast iron
Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content of more than 2% and silicon content around 1–3%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloying elements determine the form in which its car ...
.[
Wegnall Mill, at , former water mill on the Hindwell Brook at the north-east of the parish. It is slate roofed, timber-framed, weather-boarded, and of three storeys. It was associated with the Rodd family, one of whom was a miller here in the 16th century.][
Nash Wood, on the valley hillside at the north of the parish, and bordering Wales, is an historic ]deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
woodland, today with conifer in-planting, and includes the Nash Rocks Quarry and limekin, with associated hollow ways and trackways. Archaeological surveys discovered charcoal burning platforms at the east of up to 8m in diameter. On the upper centre slope there is evidence of eight extraction pits 23 quarries, and further quarries on the lower eastern.[Lello, R. (2004)]
"Nash Wood, Rodd, Nash and Little Brampton"
''Herefordshire Woodlands Archaeological Survey'' Part 1, Archaeology Data Service
The Archaeology Data Service (ADS) is an open access digital archive for archaeological research outputs. It is located in The King's Manor, at the University of York. Originally intended to curate digital outputs from archaeological researche ...
. Retrieved 28 November 2020
References
External links
*
"Rodd Nash and Little Brampton Tn/CP"
''A Vision of Britain Through Time''. Retrieved 28 November 2020
{{Herefordshire, state=collapsed
Civil parishes in Herefordshire