Spanish Renovation (, RE) was a Spanish
monarchist
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. C ...
political party active during the
Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII. ...
that advocated the restoration of
Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII ( Spanish: ''Alfonso León Fernando María Jaime Isidro Pascual Antonio de Borbón y Habsburgo-Lorena''; French: ''Alphonse Léon Ferdinand Marie Jacques Isidore Pascal Antoine de Bourbon''; 17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941), also ...
, as opposed to
Carlism
Carlism (; ; ; ) is a Traditionalism (Spain), Traditionalist and Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty, one descended from Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain, Don Carlos, ...
. Associated with the
Acción Española
Acción Española (, ''Spanish Action'') or AE was a Spanish cultural association active during the Second Spanish Republic, meeting point of the ultraconservative and far right intellectual figures that endorsed the restoration of the Monarchy. I ...
think-tank, the party was led by
Antonio Goicoechea and
José Calvo Sotelo
José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish jurist and politician. He was the minister of finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure during the Spanish Second ...
. In 1937, during the course of the
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
, it formally disappeared after
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces i ...
's merger of the variety of far-right organizations in the rebel zone into a single party.
History
The group was formed in January 1933 after Goicoechea and some followers split from
Acción Popular and were given Alfonso's approval to form a new party, although from the outset RE maintained good relations with the Carlists and sought to bring them into various anti-Republican conspiracies. Even before the Civil War RE was linked to the
Falange
Falange () is the name of a political party whose ideology is Falangism.
Falange primarily refers to:
* Falange Española, a Spanish political party active 1933–1934, it merged with the Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (JONS)
* Falange ...
, paying it a 10,000 peseta monthly subsidy. RE espoused a kind of authoritarian statist corporatism, particularly marked after Calvo Sotelo took control of the party.
The group was one of the first amongst those involved in conspiracy against the
Popular Front government to endorse Franco as overall leader. RE was also closely linked to the military group
Unión Militar Española Unión Militar Española (Spanish Military Union) was a pro-fascist secret society of officers of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces involved in a conspiracy to bring about the restoration of the monarchy during the 1930s. The majority of members o ...
which played an important role in bringing about civil war. During the opening stages of the civil war RE was close to General
Emilio Mola
Emilio Mola y Vidal (9 July 1887 – 3 June 1937) was a Spanish military officer who was one of the three leaders of the Nationalist coup of July 1936 that started the Spanish Civil War.
After the death of José Sanjurjo on 20 July 1936, M ...
, who consulted regularly with the group's leadership.
The
assassination of Calvo Sotelo, who was much more personally popular and a better orator than the generally ineffectual Goicoechea, in July 1936 had weakened RE somewhat and before long they became wholly subservient to Franco in an attempt to retain influence for a group that had little popular support. Along with a variety of other
far right
Far-right politics, often termed right-wing extremism, encompasses a range of ideologies that are marked by ultraconservatism, authoritarianism, ultranationalism, and Nativism (politics), nativism. This political spectrum situates itself on ...
groups RE disappeared in April 1937 with the formation of the
. Recognising that his power base was flimsy at best Goicoechea immediately accepted the decree and dissolved RE.
[Preston, ''Franco'', p. 271]
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renovacion Espanola
1933 establishments in Spain
1937 disestablishments in Spain
Alfonsism
Catholic political parties
Defunct Christian political parties
Defunct far-right parties
Far-right political parties in Spain
Monarchist parties in Spain
Political parties disestablished in 1937
Political parties established in 1933
Political parties of the Spanish Civil War