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Unión Militar Española
Unión Militar Española (Spanish Military Union) was a pro-fascist secret society of officers of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces involved in a conspiracy to bring about the restoration of the monarchy during the 1930s. The majority of members of this organization became part of the nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War. Formation This clandestine group was founded in late 1933 by Colonel and soon linked up with the conspiracies of Juan Antonio Ansaldo. Tarduchy, who had been a partisan for the Miguel Primo de Rivera regime, was seen as too sectarian and soon replaced by Captain Bartolomé Barba Hernández.Stanley G. Payne, ''Falange: A History of Spanish Fascism'', 1961, p. 86 The executive council, apart from Barba Hernández, consisted of 6 other members: Emilio Rodríguez Tarduchy, Ricardo Rada Peral, Valentín Galarza Morante, Luis Arredondo Acuña, Rafael Sánchez Sacristán and Gumersindo de la Gándara Morella. The group soon established cells within many garri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Republican Armed Forces
The Spanish Republican Armed Forces () were initially formed by the following two branches of the military of the Second Spanish Republic: * Spanish Republican Army (''Ejército de la República Española'' (1931–1936) and ''Ejército Popular de la República Española'' (1936–1939)). It included the '' Aeronáutica Militar'' air arm. * Spanish Republican Navy (''Marina de Guerra de la República Española''), which included the naval aviation (''Aeronáutica Naval''). * Spanish Republican Air Force (''Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española'') (FARE) History The Spanish Republican Armed Forces went through two phases during their existence: *The pre-Spanish Civil War phase, before the coup of July 1936 that would fracture the Spanish military institution. *The Civil War reorganization of the forces that remained loyal to the established republican government. Air Force At the time of the democratic municipal elections that led to the proclamation of the Spanish Repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Faraudo
Carlos Faraudo, full name Carlos Faraudo y de Micheo —sometimes wrongly spelled as "de Miches", (19 April 1901 in Madrid – 9 May 1936 in Madrid), was a Spanish Army officer. His assassination was one of the high-profile murders that brought about the reprisal killing of firebrand rightist politician José Calvo Sotelo as part of the orchestrated destabilization of the Spanish Republic right before the Spanish Civil War. Biography Carlos Faraudo was born in an affluent family of the Spanish capital. In August 1923, after successfully finishing his studies at the Academy of Military Engineering of Guadalajara, he became a lieutenant and was sent to Melilla. In November 1925 he was posted in Madrid. By October 1929 he was promoted to the rank of captain. In 1931 Faraudo became a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Between 1932 and 1933 Faraudo was sent to Bolivia as an instructor for the Bolivian Army, returning to Spain following the outbreak of the Chaco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1933 Establishments In Spain
Events January * January 11 – Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wishes of U.S. President Herbert Hoover. * January 28 – "Pakistan Declaration": Choudhry Rahmat Ali publishes (in Cambridge, UK) a pamphlet entitled ''Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?'', in which he calls for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India that he calls " Pakstan"; this influences the Pakistan Movement. * January 30 ** Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg. ** Édouard Daladier forms a government in France in succession to Joseph Paul-Boncour. He is succeeded on October 26 by Albert Sarraut and on November 26 by Camille Chautemps. February * February 1 – Adolf Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German Peop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fascism In Spain
Falangism () was the political ideology of three political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española, the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS), and afterward the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS).Cyprian P. Blamires (editor). ''World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia''. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006. pp. 219–220. Falangism combined Spanish nationalism, authoritarianism, Catholic traditionalism, and anti-communism, along with a call for national syndicalism. However, Falangism has a mixed relationship with fascism; historians such as Stanley Payne, a scholar on fascism, consider the Falange to have been a fascist movement initially, before transforming into a para-fascist authoritarian conservative political movement in Francoist Spain. The FE de las JONS merged with the Traditionalist Communion and se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchism In Spain
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism. Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed. History Monarchical rule is among the oldest political institutions. The similar form of societal hierarchy known as chiefdom or tribal kingship is prehistoric. Chiefdoms provided the concept of state formation, which started with civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization. In some parts of the world, chiefdoms became monarchies. Monarchs have generally ceded power in the modern era, having substantially diminished since World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organisations Of The Spanish Civil War
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. Organizations may also operate secretly or illegally in the case of secret societies, criminal organizations, and resistance movements. And in some cases may have obstacles from other organizations (e.g.: MLK's organization). What makes an organization recognized by the government is either filling out incorporation or recognition in the form of either societal pressure (e.g.: Advocacy group), causing concerns (e.g.: Resistance movement) or being considered the spokesperson of a group of people subject to negotiation (e.g.: the Polisario Front being recognized as the sole representative of the Sahrawi people and forming a partially recognized state.) Compare the concept of social groups, which may include non-organizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Army
The Spanish Army () is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest Standing army, active armies – dating back to the late 15th century. The Spanish Army has existed continuously since the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon, King Ferdinand and Isabella I of Castile, Queen Isabella (late 15th century). The oldest and largest of the three services, its mission was the defence of Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, the Canary Islands, Melilla, Ceuta and the Spanish islands and rocks off the northern coast of Africa. History During the 16th century, Habsburg Spain saw steady growth in its military power. The Italian Wars (1494–1559) resulted in an ultimate Spanish victory and hegemony in northern Italy by expelling the French. During the war, the Spanish Army transformed its organization and tactics, evolving from a primarily Pike (weapon), pike and halberd wielding force into the first pike and shot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchist Organizations
Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. Conversely, the opposition to monarchical rule is referred to as republicanism. Depending on the country, a royalist may advocate for the rule of the person who sits on the throne, a regent, a pretender, or someone who would otherwise occupy the throne but has been deposed. History Monarchical rule is among the oldest political institutions. The similar form of societal hierarchy known as chiefdom or tribal kingship is prehistoric. Chiefdoms provided the concept of state formation, which started with civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley civilization. In some parts of the world, chiefdoms became monarchies. Monarchs have generally ceded power in the modern era, having substantially diminished since World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universidad De Murcia
The University of Murcia () is the primary institute of higher education in Murcia, Spain. With a student population of approximately 38,000, it is the largest university in the Region of Murcia. Founded in 1272 AD, the University of Murcia is the third oldest university in Spain, following only the University of Salamanca (1218 AD) and the University of Valladolid (1241 AD), and the thirteenth oldest in the world. The University of Murcia was established by the King Alfonso X of Castile under the Crown of Castile. The majority of the university's facilities and buildings are spread over two campuses: the older is La Merced, situated in the town center, and the larger is Espinardo, 5km to the north of Murcia. History The first university in Murcia was founded as the Universitas Studiorum Murciana by Alfonso X of Castile around 1272. The current modern University of Murcia was founded in 1915, making it the tenth oldest university in Spain among the modern universities, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secret Society
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence. Secret societies may be community-based or associated with colleges and universities. These societies exist in countries around the world. Definitions The exact qualifications for labeling a group a secret society are disputed, but definitions generally rely on the degree to which the organization insists on secrecy and might involve the retention and transmission of secret knowledge, the denial of membership or knowledge of the group, the creation of personal bonds between members of the organization, and the use of secret rites or rituals. Anthropology, Anthropologically and historically, secret societies have been dee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930 In Spain
Events in the year 1930 in Spain. Incumbents *Monarch: Alfonso XIII *President of the Council of Ministers: Miguel Primo de Rivera (until 30 January), Dámaso Berenguer (starting 30 January) Births *28 January – Luis de Pablo, composer (died 2021) *4 June – Vicente Alejandro Guillamón, journalist and writer (died 2021) *19 June – Victoriano Ríos Pérez, physician and politician (died 2018) *2 October – Antonio Gala, poet, playwright and novelist (died 2023) *27 October – Francisca Aguirre, poet (died 2019) *16 November – Andrés Reguera, politician (died 2000) *24 December – Arsenio Iglesias, football player and manager (died 2023) Full date unknown * Luis Miravitlles, scientist and writer (died 1995) Deaths *October 20 – Valeriano Weyler, 1st Duke of Rubí. (b. 1838) References Years of the 20th century in Spain Spain Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Calvo Sotelo
José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE (6 May 1893 – 13 July 1936) was a Spanish jurist and politician. He was the minister of finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure during the Spanish Second Republic. During this period, he became an important part of Spanish Renovation, a monarchist movement. Calvo Sotelo's assassination in July 1936 by the bodyguard of PSOE party leader Indalecio Prieto was an immediate prelude to the triggering of the Spanish military coup of July 1936 that was plotted since February 1936, the partial failure of which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Biography Early years Calvo Sotelo was born on 6 May 1893 in Tui, Galicia to Pedro Calvo y Camina, a judge, and Elisa Sotelo Lafuente. He received a degree in Law and moved to the capital, Madrid. In 1913 he joined a maurist circle in the Ateneo where he socialised with other members of the Maurist Youth such as Melchor Fernández Alma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
