Ranchi (; ) is the

capital city A capital city, or just capital, is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state (polity), state, province, department (administrative division), department, or other administrative division, subnational division, usually as its ...

and also the largest district by population of the

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

n state of

Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north ...

. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South

Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...

, northern

Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ...

, western

West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...

and the eastern area of what is present-day

Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (; ) is a landlocked States and union territories of India, state in Central India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the List ...

. The

state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and

Santhal Parganas Santhal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Origin of name Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: "Santal", a major inhabited tribe in the region and ...

. Ranchi is being developed as a Smart City because it was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a

smart city A smart city is an urban area that uses digital technology to collect data and operate services. Data is collected from citizens, devices, buildings, or cameras. Applications include traffic and transportation systems, power plants, utilities ...

under PM Narendra Modi's flagship

Smart Cities Mission Smart Cities Mission was an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen-friendly and sustainable. The Union Ministry of Urban Development ...

. Ranchi is also one of the oldest cities in Jharkhand. Jagannath Temple and Ratu Palace are some sights which witnessed the history of Ranchi. Ranchi is also nicknamed the ''City of Waterfalls''. Ranchi is rapidly growing its economy, and certain parks, special economic zones and industrial areas are being developed. Of late, new sectors and modern areas have been built for the city's development.

Etymology

According to one popular tale, Thomas Wilkinson, a British captain, choose Archi (an Oraon tribal village) as headquarters. ''Archi'' means ''bamboo forest'' in local Nagpuri dialect. The British inadvertently named Archi as "Ranchi". Captain Wilkinson renamed Kishunpur village as Rachi. Up to 1927, the place was known as Rachi. In his book ''The Mundas and Their Country'', anthropologist Sarat Chandra Roy writes that the name of the city is derived from the Mundari word ''aranchi,'' referring to a short stick used in driving cattle, whereas others have opined that ''aranchi'' refers to ''bi-weekly market''. According to another local story, Ranchi's name comes from a local bird named ''rici'' that was found mostly in the Pahari Mandir premises. ''Rici'' is the name for the black kite ''(

Milvus migrans The black kite (''Milvus migrans'') is a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors. It is thought to be the world's most abundant species of Accipitridae, although some populations have ...

'') in the Mundari language, the modern-day landmark of Ranchi city, the Pahari Mandir, is also known as ''Rici Buru'' (रिचि बुरु) — the hill of the kites — and the city originated on the foothills of Rici Buru with the construction of ''Bada Talab'' by Commissioner Thomas Wilkinson at the same site.

History

The earliest evidence of use of several iron slag, pot sheds, iron tools found in Chota Nagpur region around 1400 BCE. Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of the

Ashoka Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka ( ; , ; – 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was List of Mauryan emperors, Emperor of Magadha from until #Death, his death in 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynast ...

. Armies of

Samudra Gupta Samudragupta (Gupta script: ''Sa-mu-dra-gu-pta'', ( 335–375 CE) was the second emperor of the Gupta Empire of ancient India. A military genius and a patron of arts, he is regarded among the greatest rulers in Indian history. As a son of th ...

passed through the region on their expedition to the

Deccan The Deccan is a plateau extending over an area of and occupies the majority of the Indian peninsula. It stretches from the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges in the north to the northern fringes of Tamil Nadu in the south. It is bound by the mount ...

. In the 4th century CE,

Nagvanshi Nagavanshi (IAST: Nāgavaṃśī) refers to several Indian Kshatriya dynasties or ruling groups claiming descent from the mythical Nāgas. Along with Suryavanshi, Agnivanshi and Chandravanshi, the Nagavanshi clans form a part of the Kshatriya cl ...

king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia as his capital which is now a place in Ranchi. Few ruins of Chutia trace back to the 2nd century CE. With the expansion of the

Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an Early modern period, early modern empire in South Asia. At its peak, the empire stretched from the outer fringes of the Indus River Basin in the west, northern Afghanistan in the northwest, and Kashmir in the north, to ...

, the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi dynasty was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji as capital of Barkagarh estate near

Subarnarekha river The Subarnarekha River flows through the Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha. Etymology The name is a portmanteau of two words: "Subarna," meaning gold, and "Rekha," meaning line or streak in Indian languages. As per tradition, g ...

. He built

Jagannath Temple The Jagannath Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Jagannath, a form of Vishnu in Hinduism. It is located in Puri in the state of Odisha, situated on the eastern coast of India. As per temple records, King Indradyumna of Avanti (reg ...

in 1691.

After the

Battle of Buxar The Battle of Buxar was fought between 22 and 23 October 1764, between the forces of the British East India Company, under the command of Major Hector Munro, against the combined armies of Balwant Singh, Maharaja of the Benaras State; Mir Qa ...

, Nagvanshi became a vassal of the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

. The British reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindar in 1817 due to rebellion of Jagirdars under Nagvanshi against tax imposition by East India Company and directly ruled Chotanagpur. In 1833, Captain Wilkinson established headquarter of the

South-West Frontier agency The South-West Frontier Agency was an administrative unit established by the British government in 1833 following the receipt of a detailed report from special commissioners. The agency was later renamed the Chota Nagpur Division in 1854. Backgr ...

in Lohardaga but in 1843 they moved the headquarters to the village of Kishunpur, which he renamed into Ranchi after the hamlet located at the foot of the Hill. In 1855, Thakur

Vishwanath Shahdeo Vishwanath Shahdeo (12 August 1817 – 16 April 1858) was the king of the Barkagarh estate and a rebel in the Indian rebellion of 1857. In 1855, he declared himself independent and defeated British forces in Hatia. He led rebels of Ramgarh Batt ...

declared independence from British rule. British attacked Satranji but he defeated British forces. He ruled independently for two years. In the

Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...

, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo led soldiers of Ramgarh Battalion with Madhav Singh who was Jamadar of Ramgarh Battalion.

Pandey Ganpat Rai Pandey Ganpat Rai (Born as Pandey Ganpat Rai; 1809-1858) was a rebel leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a chieftain in Lohardaga district of Bihar (now a part of Jharkhand). Early life He was born on January 17, 1809, in Bhaunro, Lohardag ...

Tikait Umrao Singh Tikait Umrao Singh was a king and freedom fighter. He was king of small kingdom Bandhgawa which is located in Ranchi district in Jharkhand. In Indian rebellion 1857, he and his brother Ghasi Singh played pivotal role in preventing East India Comp ...

and

Sheikh Bhikhari Sheikh Bhikhari Ansari (1819-1858) was born on 2 Oct 1819 in a weaver Ansari family at Lotwa-Khudia Village located in the city of Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. He fought in the Revolt of 1857 against the British rule in India. Sheikh Bhikhari Ansari ...

also joined the rebellion. They attacked the British in Ranchi and compelled to flee them. But later they were defeated by East India company forces in Chatra and in Pithuriya with the help of the king of Pithuriya, Jagatpal Singh and hanged. British made Ranchi as municipality in 1869. Ranchi was first termed as a town in the census of 1872, when entire ''Ranchi thhana'' has 116,426 inhabitants. Nagvanshi shifted their capital to

Ratu ''Ratu'' () is an Austronesian title used by male Fijians of chiefly rank. An equivalent title, ''adi'' (pronounced ), is used by females of chiefly rank. In the Malay language, the title ''ratu'' is also the traditional honorific title to r ...

from Palkot in 1870. Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo built Ratu Palace in Ratu in 1900. He donated large tracts of land to build the infrastructure of the city. Freedom fighter

Birsa Munda Birsa Munda (15 November 1875 – 9 June 1900) was an Indian tribal independence activist, and folk hero who belonged to the Munda tribe. He spearheaded a tribal religious millenarian movement that arose in the Bengal Presidency (now Jharkha ...

died in the Ranchi jail on 9 June 1900. In 1912,

Jyotirindranath Tagore Jyotirindranath Tagore (; 4 May 1849 – 4 March 1925) was a Bengali playwright, musician, editor, and painter. He played a major role in the flowering of the talents of his younger brother, the first non-European Nobel Prize winner, Rabindran ...

, the eldest brother of

Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Thakur (; anglicised as Rabindranath Tagore ; 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941) was a Bengalis, Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, and painter of the Bengal Renai ...

, settled in Ranchi. Tagore Hill, where his house was located, has been named after him in remembrance. The last ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty was Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1931–2014). After independence, Ranchi saw significant increase in its population. Its population rate of growth was 3.5% in 1901 to 1941, which increased to 14% in 1951–1971. This was because of increased industrial and educational institutions being set up, as well as the arrival of post-partition refugees. Ranchi became an 'administrative-cum-industrial' town in 1958 when Heavy Engineering Corporation was set up. The succeeding years saw Ranchi becoming the headquarters for the Steel Authority of India Ltd and Central Coalfields Ltd. The city remained the summer capital of Bihar till the creation of Jharkhand in November 2000, when Ranchi became the capital of the new state.

Geography

Ranchi lies at near the

Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, also known as the Northern Tropic, is the Earth's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. This occurs on the June solstice, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun ...

. The city covers an area of and its average elevation is 651 m above

sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an mean, average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal Body of water, bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical ...

. Ranchi is located in the southern part of the

Chota Nagpur plateau The Chota Nagpur Plateau () is a plateau in eastern India, which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal and Bihar. The Indo-Gangetic plain lies to the north and east of the plateau, and th ...

, which is the eastern section of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi has a hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However, due to the uncontrolled deforestation and development of the city, the average temperature has increased. Kanke Dam - Ranchi 9308

Climate

Although Ranchi has a

humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...

(

Köppen Climate Classification The Köppen climate classification divides Earth climates into five main climate groups, with each group being divided based on patterns of seasonal precipitation and temperature. The five main groups are ''A'' (tropical), ''B'' (arid), ''C'' (te ...

: ''Cwa''), its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it is known. Summer temperatures range from 20 to 42 °C, winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas (

Kanke Kanke is a census town in the Kanke CD block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Kanke has a large water reservoir called Kanke Dam, which is used to supply water to Ranchi city. Demographics ...

). The annual rainfall is about 1,430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm. Ranchi has been ranked 32nd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.

Demographics

Population

India census,

Ranchi Municipal Corporation Ranchi Municipal Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city of Ranchi. It was established in 1979 in erstwhile Bihar and is presently the biggest municipality in Jharkhand. According to Census of India 2011, the area u ...

has a population of 1,073,427, The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,56,528 making it the 32nd most populous urban agglomeration in India. Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%. Ranchi has an average literacy rate of 87.68%. The city witnessed a sudden surge in population after the creation of the new state of Jharkhand in 2000. Owing to the rising employment opportunities and opening of numerous regional and state level offices, banks and FMCG companies, the city witnessed a rapid influx of employment seeking migrants. As per a study done by

ASSOCHAM The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India () is a non-governmental trade association and advocacy group based in New Delhi, India. The organisation represents the interests of trade and commerce in India, and acts as an interface ...

in late 2010, Ranchi was one of the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India with a share of 16.8%, followed by

Mangalore Mangaluru (), formerly called Mangalore ( ), is a major industrial port city in the Indian state of Karnataka and on the west coast of India. It is located between the Laccadive Sea and the Western Ghats about west of Bengaluru, the st ...

and

Mysore Mysore ( ), officially Mysuru (), is a city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. As the traditional seat of the Wadiyar dynasty, the city functioned as the capital of the ...

Language

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

is the

lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, link language or language of wider communication (LWC), is a Natural language, language systematically used to make co ...

in Ranchi. Nagpuri is regional language of the region.

is spoken by 799,133,

Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...

by 130,457,

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

by 37,450, Kurukh by 24,762 people, Mundari by 24,858 and Maithili by 16,746 people.

Religion

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified ...

is the prominent religion of Ranchi followed by 64.31% of the population.

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

is the second most followed religion in the city by 16.42% of the people. Minorities are

Christians A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words '' Christ'' and ''C ...

8.52%,

Sikhs Sikhs (singular Sikh: or ; , ) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ''Sikh'' ...

0.39%,

Jains Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion whose three main pillars are nonviolence (), asceticism (), and a rejection of all simplistic and one-sided views of truth and reality (). Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and ...

0.22%,

Buddhists Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE. It is the world's fourth ...

0.06%, those that did not state a religion are 0.35%, and others are 9.72%.

Governance and politics

Civic administration

The municipal corporation covers an area of and is divided into 55 administrative wards, each represented by an elected corporator. At the time of the creation of the state of Jharkhand in 2000, the Bihar Municipal Act, 1922 was adapted as the

Municipal Act, 2000 to govern all ULBs in the new state. Ranchi Municipal Corporation was governed by its own municipal act, the Ranchi Municipal Corporation Act, 2001. With the enactment of the Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011, these two ceased to be in effect and the 2011 became the only governing legislature for all city governments in Jharkhand. Under section 26 of the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011, the positions of mayor and deputy mayor are elected directly i.e. the position holders are voted in by the people themselves. The last municipal election was in 2018 with a voter turnout of 49.3%, up from 38% in the last election in 2013. Asha Lakra and Sanjiv Vijayawargia – both from the

Bharatiya Janta Party The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; , ) is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. BJP emerged out from Syama Prasad Mukherjee's Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Since 2014, ...

– won the mayoral and deputy mayoral seats. The 2018 municipal election was the first time the mayoral and deputy mayoral candidates in Jharkhand could use political party symbols, while the candidates for councilor seats continued to use symbols allotted to them by the Jharkhand State Election Commission. The next municipal election will take place in 2023. The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 mandates the establishment of ward committees for each ward in the municipality. Though ward committees have been formed in Ranchi, they are not active.

Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

Ranchi city is part of the Ranchi Lok Sabha Constituency. Sanjay Seth won the seat in the 2019 General Election and represents this constituency at the

Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of Parliament of India which is Bicameralism, bicameral, where the upper house is Rajya Sabha. Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by a ...

as a Member of Parliament. Ranchi is part of the Ranchi Vidhan Sabha Constituency and the representative

Member of Legislative Assembly A Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected to sit in a legislative assembly. The term most commonly refers to members of the legislature of a federated state or an autonomous region, but is also used for several national ...

at the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha is Chandreshwar Prasad Singh. Singh has held the post since 2000, with the last Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha election being in 2019. Both politicians belong to the

Bharatiya Janata Party The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP; , ) is a political party in India and one of the two major List of political parties in India, Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. BJP emerged out from Syama Prasad Mukherjee's ...

Public utilities

Ranchi Junction railway station entrance at night

The various infrastructure and civic services demands of the city are met by different entities, including Ranchi Municipal Corporation, state government departments, and parastatal organisations. The Ranchi Master Plan 2037 was created by a private consultant firm under the clientship of the Ranchi Municipal Corporation, Urban Development and Housing Department, and Ranchi Regional Development Authority. Roads in Ranchi are developed and maintained by the municipal corporation, Jharkhand Government, Ranchi Regional Development Authority, and

National Highways Authority of India The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI () is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 (Act 1988) and is responsible for management of a road network of over 50,000 km of National highways out of 1,32,499 ...

. The Water Supply Section of the municipal corporation is responsible for issuing water connections, maintaining hand pumps in wards, collecting water usage charges and fines, whereas the state government Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage Department supplies the water. Ranchi is served by Dhurwa Dam. The Health Department of the corporation is responsible for the Solid Waste Management of the city. RMC operates buses in the city and has outsourced this to a private agency.

Transport

* Airways -

Birsa Munda Airport Birsa Munda Airport is a domestic airport serving Ranchi, the capital city of Jharkhand, India. It is named after the famous Indian tribal freedom fighter, Birsa Munda, and is currently managed by the Airports Authority of India. The airport ...

is the busiest airport in the state which connects direct flights from major cities of india like

New Delhi New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Parliament ...

Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...

Kolkata Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary ...

Hyderabad Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of , much ...

Chennai Chennai, also known as Madras (List of renamed places in India#Tamil Nadu, its official name until 1996), is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population, largest city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost states and ...

Bengaluru Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore (List of renamed places in India#Karnataka, its official name until 1 November 2014), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the southern States and union territories of India, Indian state of Kar ...

Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...

and many more cities also a new terminal of airport is purposed. * Railways - Ranchi has four railway stations which connects direct trains from ranchi to major capital cities of india which includes

Patna Patna (; , ISO 15919, ISO: ''Paṭanā''), historically known as Pataliputra, Pāṭaliputra, is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. According to the United Nations, ...

, and major of the cities of india. Their Names are 1.

Ranchi railway station Ranchi Junction railway station, station code RNC, is the NSG-2 category railway station serving the capital city of Ranchi in the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi station is also the headquarters of the Ranchi division ...

Hatia railway station Hatia railway station, station code HTE, is the railway station serving the capital city of Ranchi in the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Hatia Station belongs to the Ranchi division of the South Eastern Railway Zone of the In ...

Muri Junction railway station Muri Junction, station code MURI, is the railway station serving the remote town of Muri in the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Muri Junction belongs to the Ranchi division of the South Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Rai ...

4. Tatisilwai railway station. * Roadways - Ranchi is well connected with all the major cities of india as and its neighbour states with

all districts of jharkhand is well connected through road network as well there are two bus terminals Khadgarah and railway bus terminal majority of busses operate from these terminals.

Economy

Ranchi is one of the major industrial cities of

Eastern India East India is a region consisting of the Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal and also the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The states of Bihar and West Bengal lie on the Indo-Gangetic plain. Jharkhan ...

and located in the region called 'Ruhr of India' ( Chota Nagpur) making it an ideal place for mineral based industries. Ranchi has presence of many well-known government and private organisations in the vicinity of city. SAIL-R&D, MECON.Ltd,

Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd, abbreviated as GRSE, is one of India's leading defence shipyards, located in Kolkata. It builds and repairs commercial and naval vessels. GRSE also exports the ships that the company builds. Founded ...

(Marine Diesel Engine Project), Central Coalfields, CMPDI.Ltd, Subarnarekha Hydel Project ( JSEB), Usha Martin.Ltd (Wire Rope Division), DVC, STPI-Ranchi, Heavy Engineering Corp., Palriwal Industries, Pensol India, Waxpol Industries, Jharkhand Mega Food Park etc. are the prominent industries here. The Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FJCCI),

, MSME-DI and JIADA are major apex industrial bodies present here. JIADA consists many industrial areas in Ranchi, e.g. – Kokar, Tatisilwai,

Namkum Namkum is a community development block (CD block) forming an administrative division in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the state of Jharkhand. Geography Namkum is located at 23°21'N 85°22'E. Namkum CD block is locat ...

etc. are among them. As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India followed by Mangalore and Mysore. MECON Ltd Company has its headquarters in Ranchi at Ashok Nagar. Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Association has its office in

. Central Coalfields also has its headquarters in Ranchi. Ranchi houses a number of companies. Along with

Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (; ), also known as Tatanagar, is a major industrial city in eastern India. It is the List of cities in Jharkhand by population, largest city in the state of Jharkhand. With a population of 629,658 in the city limits and 1.3 million ...

Dhanbad Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand after Jamshedpur and a major financial hub of Jharkhand. In terms of economy, Dhanbad has the largest economy in the state of Jharkhand and it is often referred to as th ...

, Bokaro and

Giridih Giridih is headquarters of the Giridih district of Jharkhand state, India. The city of Giridih is known for its industrial and health sectors, as well as its scenery. Giridih houses the Giridih Coalfield which is one of the oldest coalfields to ...

it is one of the industrial hubs of the city. Here are the following companies which are based in Ranchi and also headquartered in Ranchi itself:

Mecon limited MECON Limited, formerly known as Metallurgical & Engineering Consultants (India) Limited, is a Public Sector Undertakings, central public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Steel (India), Ministry of Steel, Government of India. The compa ...

, Central Coalfields, Heavy Engineering Corporation, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute,

Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank (JRGB) is a Regional Rural Bank (RRB). The bank was established on 1 April 2019 with the amalgamation of the erstwhile V''ananchal Gramin Bank'' and erstwhile J''harkhand Gramin Bank'' under the provisions of RRB ...

and Dzinex Technology The main and major businesses here are located in Lalpur,

Hindpiri Ranchi (; ) is the capital city and also the largest district by population of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern ...

, Lower Bazaar, Upper Bazaar and Doranda STPI Ranchi has set up its branch at

, Ranchi. It is usually an

IT Park An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development. An industrial park can be thought of as a more heavyweight version of a business park or office par ...

, which houses many IT companies. It is being planned to build more parks like this. OFFCO Park is another park which is built here. It is also a large and famous business park. Lalpur, Doranda and Hindpiri are the business districts and financial districts in the city and the state. This place houses several shopping malls. Whole of Ranchi has several shopping malls which include: Nucleus Mall, Mall E Decor, JD Hi-Street Mall, Ranchi Central Mall, Laxmi Tower, Mall of Ranchi, City Center (Centre) Mall, Big Mall, Spring City Mall, Arakshan Shopping Mall, Shelter Mall, Ranchi Green City, Artic Mall, City Center or City Centre, City Mall and Galaxia Mall. There are many other upcoming shopping malls and commercial projects File:Ranchi 9239.JPG, Lalpur -

Central business district A central business district (CBD) is the Commerce, commercial and business center of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a financial district. Geographically, it often coincides wit ...

File:Ranchi hill.JPG, Central of Ranchi is the commercial, historical, cultural, financial and economic district hub of the city Ranchi File:Hindpiri, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India - panoramio.jpg, Arjan Place at Hindpiri, Ranchi houses several companies including the

Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited (StockHolding) is an Indian custodian and depository participant, based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. StockHolding was established in 1986 as a public limited company and is a subsidiary of IFCI. StockHoldi ...

and

Ricoh is a Japanese multinational imaging and electronics company. It was founded by the now-defunct commercial division of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) known as the ''Riken Concern'', on 6 February 1936 as . Ricoh's hea ...

Software Technology Parks of India Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is an S&T autonomous society under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) engaged in promoting IT/ ITES Industry, Innovation, R&D, Start-ups, Product/ IP creation in the fiel ...

, Ranchi

Education

Universities and Institutes

* Amity University, Jharkhand * Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University *

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (BIT, Mesra) is a government funded technical institute (GFTI) situated at Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was declared as a deemed university under Section 3 of the UGC Act. The institute was included under ...

Birsa Agricultural University Birsa Agricultural University is an agricultural university at Kanke, Ranchi in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It was established on 26 June 1981, after its formal inauguration by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The University is named in hono ...

Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi The Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi (CIP Ranchi) is an institute that is directly governed by the Government of India. It is situated in Kanke, Ranchi in Jharkhand state of India. History The institute dates back to the days of the Br ...

* Central University of Jharkhand * Doranda College, Ranchi * Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi *

Indian Institute of Management Ranchi The Indian Institute of Management Ranchi (IIM Ranchi) is a public business school located in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Established on 15 December 2009, it became India's ninth Indian Institute of Management. It commenced classes on 6 July 201 ...

* National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology *

Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences The Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), formerly Rajendra Medical College and Hospital, is a medical school located in Ranchi, capital of the state of Jharkhand, India. It was established in 1960. The college is an autonomous body e ...

Ranchi University Ranchi University is a public state university in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was established in 1960 by an Act of the Bihar legislature. Ranchi University offers degrees in undergraduate, post-graduate, M.Phil. and doctorate programs. History ...

* Sarala Birla University * National University of Study and Research in Law *

Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University (JRSU) is a state university located at Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. It was established by the Government of Jharkhand through the ''Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University Act, 2016''. It offers courses in the fields ...

* Jharkhand University of Technology * Jharkhand State Open University *

Jharkhand Rai University Jharkhand Rai University is a UGC approved University in Ranchi, Jharkhand state, India. The university is located in Namkum, Raja Ulatu, Ranchi. It was established by the Jharkhand State Legislature under the ''Jharkhand Rai University Act ...

* YBN University * Sarala Birla University * Usha Martin University * ICFAI University, Jharkhand

Organizations

* Association for Parivartan of Nation

Health

* Sadar Medical College and Hospital *

Central Institute of Psychiatry The Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi (CIP Ranchi) is an institute that is directly governed by the Government of India. It is situated in Kanke, Ranchi in Jharkhand state of India. History The institute dates back to the days of the Br ...

* Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences

Sports

Ranchi is a center for numerous sports activities, including cricket, hockey, football, and many others. The 34th National Games were successfully held in Ranchi in February 2011. An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed. So far, this stadium has hosted three One day International matches and one T20 International match. Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches for

Kolkata Knight Riders The Kolkata Knight Riders, also known as KKR, are a professional Twenty20 cricket team based in Kolkata, West Bengal, that competes in the Indian Premier League (IPL). The franchise is owned by actor Shah Rukh Khan, actress Juhi Chawla, and ...

, three champions league 2013 matches and Celebrity Cricket League matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A tennis academy, which was inaugurated by

Sania Mirza Sania Mirza (; born 15 November 1986) is an Indian former professional tennis player. A former doubles world No. 1, she won six major titles – three in women's doubles and three in mixed doubles. From 2003 until her retirement from singles ...

and

Shoaib Malik Shoaib Malik ( Punjabi, (; born 1 February 1982) is a Pakistani cricketer who played for the Pakistan national cricket team and currently plays for Quetta Gladiators in the Pakistan Super League (PSL). He was the captain of the Pakistan nati ...

, also runs beside the cricket stadium. Former Indian Cricket Team Captain M.S. Dhoni lives in Ranchi. The Ranchi franchise for Hockey India League was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named the

Ranchi Rhinos Ranchi Rhinos was a professional field hockey team based in Ranchi, Jharkhand, that played in the Hockey India League. The team won the inaugural season of Hockey India League defeating Delhi Waveriders by 2-1. It was owned by Patel-Uniexcel Gro ...

Sports teams

* Ranchi Rays (earlier

)

Stadiums in Ranchi

* Jaipal Singh Stadium * JSCA International Cricket Stadium *

Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium or Ranchi Hockey Stadium is a field hockey stadium in Ranchi, Jharkhand. It serves as the home ground for Hockey India League franchise Ranchi Rays. It is located in Morabadi near Ranchi and has a capacity of appr ...

* Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium * Birsa Munda Football Stadium * Mega Sports Complex

Points of Interest

* Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park *

Dassam Falls The Dassam Falls (also known as Dassam Ghagh) is a waterfall located near Taimara village in the Bundu subdivision of Ranchi district in the state of Jharkhand. The Falls are 144 feet in height, formed by the waterflow of the Kanchi River. Etym ...

Getalsud Dam Getalsud Dam is an artificial reservoir situated in Ormanjhi, Ranchi, Jharkhand. It was constructed across the Subarnarekha River and was opened in 1971. It is a popular picnic spot for the residents of Ranchi and Ramgarh District. The dam provi ...

(also known as Rukka Dam; built in 1971) * Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church, the oldest church in eastern and northern India * Harmu Housing Colony *

Hundru Falls Hundru Falls is a waterfall located in Ranchi District in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the 34th highest waterfall in India, and one of the most famous tourist places in the region. Geography Location Hundru Falls is located at Note ...

, built by Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo, Raja of Barkagarh Jagannathpur in 1691. *

Jonha Falls The Jonha Falls (also called Gautamdhara Falls) is a waterfall located in Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Jonha Falls is located at Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the ...

, also known as Gautamdhara (the place dedicated to

Gautam Buddha Gautam may refer to: *Gautama (name), a name of Sanskrit origin * Gautam (clan), a Rajput clan in India * Gautam (Nepali name), a surname *Gautam Ashram Gautam Ashram () was a gurukul of the ancient Indian philosopher Gautama. It is located at t ...

) * Kanke Dam, also known as Gonda Dam built in 1955 *

Rock Garden A rock garden, also known as a rockery and formerly as a rockwork, is a garden, or more often a part of a garden, with a landscaping framework of rocks, stones, and gravel, with planting appropriate to this setting. Usually these are small ...

, built along Kanke Dam *

Nakshatra Van Nakshatra Van is a park created by the Jharkhand Forest Department in front of the residence of the governor of Jharkhand in Ranchi, the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. A Nakshatra or lunar mansion is one of the 27 or 28 divisions of ...

* Pahari Mandir, temple dedicated to Lord Shiva * Patratu Valley * Ranchi Science Centre * Ratu Palace, capital of

Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur The Khokhra chieftaincy, also known as the Nagvanshi dynasty, was a principality that ruled the parts of Chota Nagpur plateau region (modern-day Jharkhand) during much of the medieval and early-modern period. The chieftaincy came to prominence wh ...

. *

Sita Falls Sita Falls is a waterfall located in Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Description The Sita fall is in Radhu river which is a tributary of the Subarnarekha River. The falls drop from . Location Sita Falls located in Ranchi dist ...

* Ranchi State Museum, State Art museum * St.Mary's Cathedral, one of oldest

church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...

of Ranchi built in 1847 * Tagore Hill (related to Jyotindranath Tagore, brother of

)

Notable people

Central Minister

Subodh Kant Sahay Subodh Kant Sahay (Hindi: सुबोध कांत सहाय; born 11 June 1951) is an Indian politician. He served as three term MP (Lok Sabha) of India. He represented the Ranchi constituency of Jharkhand and is a member of the Indian ...

, Former Minister

Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...

MP of Ranchi

* Prashant Kumar Ghosh, Ex-MP Ranchi *

Ravindra Varma Ravindra Varma (9 April 1925 – 10 October 2006) was an Indian politician who served as the Minister for Labour and Parliamentary Affairs in the Morarji Desai Ministry in India from 1977 to 1979. Politics He entered active politics in 1942. ...

,Ex-MP Ranchi *

, Former Minister

* C.P. Singh (Indian politician).

Other

Rajesh Chauhan Rajesh Chauhan (; born 19 December 1966) is a former Indian cricketer who played in 21 Tests and 35 One Day Internationals from 1993 to 1998. He was part of the Indian spin trio of Kumble-Raju-Chauhan, in the 1990s. Although his own contributi ...

, former Indian cricketer, born in Ranchi *

Deeba Deeba (; born 1 August 1947) is one of Pakistan's most popular actresses in the 1960s and 1970s. She is best known for her romantic and tragic roles in Urdu and Punjabi films and for her iconic beauty, earning her the nickname the ''Pakistani ...

, Pakistani actress *

MS Dhoni Mahendra Singh Dhoni (; born 7 July 1981) is an Indian professional cricketer who plays as a right-handed batter and a wicket-keeper. Widely regarded as one of the most prolific wicket-keeper batsmen and captains and one of the greatest O ...

, former captain of Indian Cricket Team * Carl Haeberlin, German physician, born in Ranchi * Madhu Mansuri Hasmukh, folk singer *

Rajesh Jais Rajesh Jais is an Indian actor who works in Hindi films and television. He is known for the Indian soap opera, '' Shanti'' (1994). Early life Rajesh Jais was born in Ranchi, Jharkand, India. He is a graduate from the National School of Dram ...

, actor * Komal Jha, actress *

Anjana Om Kashyap Anjana Om Kashyap is an Indian news anchor working with Hindi news channel Aaj Tak as a Managing Editor. Kashyap started her journalistic career by joining the public broadcaster Doordarshan before moving to Zee News. She then went to News 24 b ...

, Indian journalist and news presenter *

Neelu Kohli Neelu Kohli (also Nilu Kohli) is an Indian film and television actress. She has done many roles in many Indian television series, like Sangam, Naamkaran, Mere Angne Mein, Maddam Sir and Choti Sarrdaarni. She is also worked in Hindi films such ...

, actress *

Deepika Kumari Deepika Kumari (born 13 June 1994) is an Indian professional archer who competes in the recurve category. A four-time Olympian and two-time World Archery Championships silver medallist, Deepika is one of the most decorated Indian archer and th ...

, Indian professional archer *

Supriya Kumari Supriya Kumari is an Indian actress. She is known for her role in Indian television series '' Bairi Piya'', '' Looteri Dulhan'', '' Anudamini'' and ''Sanskaar – Dharohar Apnon Ki''. She also acted in Hindi film Ekkees Toppon Ki Salaami. Early ...

, actress *

Peter Mansfield Sir Peter Mansfield (9 October 1933 – 8 February 2017) was an English physicist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, shared with Paul Lauterbur, for discoveries concerning Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Mansfie ...

, British journalist and historian, was born in Ranchi *

Pat Reid Patrick Robert Reid, (13 November 1910 – 22 May 1990) was a British Army officer and author of history. As a British prisoner of war during the Second World War, he was held captive at Colditz Castle when it was designated Oflag IV-C. Reid wa ...

MBE MC, escapee from

Colditz Castle Colditz Castle (or ''Schloss Colditz'' in German) is a Renaissance architecture, Renaissance castle in the town of Colditz near Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz in the States of Germany, state of Saxony in Germany. The castle is between the towns o ...

, born in Ranchi *

Anushka Sen Anushka Sen (born 4 August 2002) is an Indian actress. She is well-known for her work in ''Baalveer'', ''Jhansi Ki Rani (2019 TV series), Jhansi Ki Rani'', ''Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11'', and ''Dil Dosti Dilemma''. Early life Anushka ...

, actress * Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo, Nagvanshi prince and MLA * Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo, last Nagvanshi king *

, freedom fighter, born in Barkagarh, Ranchi * Alisha Singh, dancer and choreographer

References

External links

Website of the District Administration
* {{Authority control Metropolitan cities in India