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Aix-Marseille University (AMU; ; formally incorporated as ) is a
public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociology, sociological concept of the ''Öf ...
research university A research university or a research-intensive university is a university that is committed to research as a central part of its mission. They are "the key sites of Knowledge production modes, knowledge production", along with "intergenerational ...
located in the
Provence Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...
region of
southern France Southern France, also known as the south of France or colloquially in French as , is a geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin,Louis Papy, ''Le midi atlantique'', Atlas e ...
. It was founded in 1409 when
Louis II of Anjou Louis II (5 October 1377 – 29 April 1417) was Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence from 1384 to 1417; he claimed the Kingdom of Naples, but only ruled parts of the kingdom from 1390 to 1399. His father, Louis I of Anjouthe founder of the House o ...
,
Count of Provence The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , , "little star", is a Typography, typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star (heraldry), heraldic star. Computer scientists and Mathematici ...
, petitioned the
Pisan Pisa ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Tuscany, Central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for the Leaning To ...
Antipope Alexander V Peter of Candia, also known as Peter Phillarges () ( 1339 – 3 May 1410), named as Alexander V (; ), was an antipope elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from 26 June 1409 to his death in 1 ...
to establish the
University of Provence The University of Provence Aix-Marseille I () was a Public university, public research university mostly located in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille. It was one of the three University of Aix-Marseille, Universities of Aix-Marseille and was part of t ...
, making it one of the oldest university-level institutions in the Francophone world. The institution came into its current form following a reunification of the University of Provence, the
University of the Mediterranean The University of the Mediterranean Aix-Marseille II was a French university in the List of public universities in France by academy#Academy of Aix and Marseille, Academy of Aix and Marseille. Historically, it was part of the University of Aix-M ...
and
Paul Cézanne University Paul Cézanne University (also referred to as Paul Cézanne University Aix-Marseille III; French: ''Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III'') was a public research university based in the heart of Provence (southern France), in both Aix-en- ...
. The reunification became effective on 1 January 2012, resulting in the creation of the largest university in the French-speaking world in terms of its student body, its faculty and staff, and its budget that currently stands at €750 million. The university is organized around five main campuses situated in
Aix-en-Provence Aix-en-Provence, or simply Aix, is a List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, city and Communes of France, commune in southern France, about north of Marseille. A former capital of Provence, it is the Subprefectures in France, s ...
and
Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...
. Apart from its major campuses, AMU owns and operates facilities in
Arles Arles ( , , ; ; Classical ) is a coastal city and Communes of France, commune in the South of France, a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône Departments of France, department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Reg ...
,
Aubagne Aubagne (; according to the classic norm or according to the Mistralian norm) is a Commune in France, commune in the southern French Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône. In 2020, the commune was awarded three flowers by the ...
,
Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...
,
Digne-les-Bains Digne-les-Bains (; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Dinha dei Banhs''), or simply and historically Digne (''Dinha'' in the Franco-Provençal, classical norm or ''Digno'' in the Mistralian norm), is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Alpe ...
, Gap,
La Ciotat La Ciotat (; ; in Mistralian spelling ''La Ciéutat''; 'the City') is a Communes of France, commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in Southern France. It ...
,
Lambesc Lambesc () is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southern France. Lambesc is located in the heart of Provence at the foot of the Côtes mountain range, near the Alpilles. The town has a ...
and
Salon-de-Provence Salon-de-Provence (, ; or , ), commonly known as Salon, is a commune located about northwest of Marseille in the Bouches-du-Rhône department (Metropolis of Aix-Marseille Provence), region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Southern France. It ...
. The university is headquartered in the
7th arrondissement of Marseille The 7th arrondissement of Marseille is one of the 16 arrondissements of Marseille, France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include ...
. AMU has produced many notable alumni in the fields of law, politics, business, economics and literature. To date, there have been five Nobel Prize laureates amongst its alumni and faculty, as well as a two-time recipient of the
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prizes () are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fo ...
, six
César Award Cesar or César may refer to: Arts and entertainment * César (film), ''César'' (film), a 1936 French romantic drama * César (film), ''César'' (play), a play by Marcel Pagnolt Places * Cesar, Portugal * Cesar Department, Colombia * Cesar R ...
winners, multiple
heads of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "
he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...
being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...
or
government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...
, parliamentary speakers,
government ministers A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers. In some jurisdictions the head of government is also a minister and is designated the ' prime minister', ' p ...
,
ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or so ...
s and members of the constituent academies of the . AMU has hundreds of research and teaching partnerships, including close collaboration with the
French National Centre for Scientific Research The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engi ...
(CNRS), the
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, or CEA ( French: Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and sec ...
(CEA) and Electricity of France (EDF). AMU is a member of numerous academic organisations including the
European University Association The European University Association (EUA) represents more than 800 institutions of higher education in 48 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and the exchange of information on higher education and research policies. Members of ...
(EUA), the
Mediterranean Universities Union The Mediterranean Universities Union (, UNIMED) consists of 162 universities from 25 countries of the Mediterranean basin (or that have a specific interest in the Mediterranean region). The association has its head office in Rome Rome (Ital ...
(UNIMED) and the Udice Group.


History


Early history (1409–1800)

The institution developed out of the original University of Provence, founded on 9 December 1409 as a ''
studium generale is the old customary name for a medieval university in medieval Europe. Overview There is no official definition for the term . The term ' first appeared at the beginning of the 13th century out of customary usage, and meant a place where stud ...
'' by Louis II of Anjou, Count of Provence, and recognized by
papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...
issued by the Pisan Antipope Alexander V. However, there is evidence that teaching in Aix existed in some form from the beginning of the 12th century, since there were a doctor of theology in 1100, a doctor of law in 1200 and a professor of law in 1320 on the books. The decision to establish the university was, in part, a response to the already-thriving
University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...
. As a result, in order to be sure of the viability of the new institution, Louis II compelled his ''
Provençal Provençal may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Provence, a region of France ** Provençal dialect, a dialect of the Occitan language, spoken in the southeast of France ** ''Provençal'', meaning the whole Occitan language * Provenca ...
'' students to study in Aix only. Thus, the
letters patent Letters patent (plurale tantum, plural form for singular and plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, President (government title), president or other head of state, generally granti ...
for the university were granted, and the government of the university was created. The
Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence The Archdiocese of Aix-en-Provence and Arles (Latin: ''Archidioecesis Aquensis in Gallia et Arelatensis''; French: ''Archidiocèse d'Aix-en-Provence et Arles''; Occitan Provençal: ''Archidiocèsi de Ais de Provença e Arle'' or ''Archidioucèsi ...
, Thomas de Pupio, was appointed as the first chancellor of the university for the rest of his life. After his death in 1420, a new chancellor was elected by the rector, masters, and licentiates – an uncommon arrangement not repeated at any other French university. The rector was to be an "ordinary student", who had unrestricted civil and criminal jurisdiction in all cases where one party was a doctor or scholar of the university. Those displeased with the rector's decisions could appeal to a ''doctor legens''. Eleven ''consiliarii'' provided assistance to the rector, being elected yearly by their predecessors. These individuals represented all faculties, but were elected from among the students. The constitution was of a student-university, and the instructors did not have great authority except in granting degrees.Carol Summerfield, Mary Elizabeth Devine, ''International Dictionary of University Histories'', Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998, p. 418 A resident doctor or student who married was required to pay ''charivari'' to the university, the amount varying with the degree or status of the man, and being increased if the bride was a widow. Refusal to submit to this statutable extortion was punished by the assemblage of students at the summons of the rector with frying-pans, bassoons, and horns at the house of the newly married couple. Continued recusancy was followed by the piling up of dirt in front of their door upon every
Feast-day The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context does n ...
. These injunctions were justified on the ground that the money extorted was devoted to divine service. In 1486 Provence passed to the
French crown France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Fra ...
. The university's continued existence was approved by
Louis XII of France Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), also known as Louis of Orléans was King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples (as Louis III) from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Marie of Cleves, he succeeded his second ...
, and Aix-en-Provence continued to be a significant provincial centre. It was, for instance, the seat of the
Parlement of Aix-en-Provence The Parlement of Aix-en-Provence was the provincial ''parlement'' of Provence from 1501 to 1790. It was headquartered in Aix-en-Provence, which served as the ''de facto'' capital of Provence. History Provence was incorporated into the Kingdom of ...
from 1501 to 1789, no doubt aided by the presence of the law school. In 1603
Henry IV of France Henry IV (; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry (''le Bon Roi Henri'') or Henry the Great (''Henri le Grand''), was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 16 ...
established the ''Collège Royal de Bourbon'' in Aix-en-Provence for the study of ''
belles-lettres () is a category of writing, originally meaning beautiful or fine writing. In the modern narrow sense, it is a label for literary works that do not fall into the major categories such as fiction, poetry, or drama. The phrase is sometimes used pej ...
'' and philosophy, supplementing the traditional faculties of the university, but not formally a part of it. This ''college de plain exercice'' became a significant seat of learning, under the control of the
Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
order. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the college frequently served as a preparatory, but unaffiliated, school for the university. Only the university was entitled to award degrees in the theology, law, and medicine; but candidates for degrees had first to pass an examination in philosophy, which was only provided by the college. Universities basically accepted candidates who had studied in colleges formally affiliated with them, which in reality required both college and university to be situated in the same city. In 1762 the Jesuits were forced to leave France, and in 1763 the college was officially affiliated with the university as a faculty of arts. The addition of the ''Collège Royal de Bourbon'' essentially widened the scope of courses provided at the University of Provence. Formal instruction in French was initially provided at the college, with texts and a structured course of study. Physics later became a part of the curriculum at the college as a part of the philosophy course in the 18th century. Equipment for carrying out experiments was obtained and the first course in
experimental physics Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and o ...
was provided at Aix-en-Provence in 1741.
Classical mechanics Classical mechanics is a Theoretical physics, physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of Machine (mechanical), machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. The development of classical mechanics inv ...
, however, was only taught after 1755, when the physicist Aimé-Henri Paulian offered his first class and
Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...
's ''
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English: ''The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy''), often referred to as simply the (), is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation. The ''Principia'' is written in Lati ...
'' and commentaries were obtained for the library. It is also significant that much later, in 1852,
Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation, influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century a ...
entered the ''Collège Royal de Bourbon'' where he met and befriended
Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to ...
. This friendship was decisive for both men so they had successful careers – Cézanne as a painter and Zola as a writer. Among their closest friends at the college was
Baptistin Baille Baptistin Baille () was born as Jean-Baptiste Baille in France, in 1841 and he died in 1918. He was initially a lecturer at École polytechnique, and then a professor of optics and acoustics at ESPCI Paris; a close friend of Paul Cézanne, the imp ...
, who went on to become a notable scientist and industrialist; together they were known as ''les trois inséparables'' (the three inseparables). The French Revolution, with its focus on the individual and an end to inherited privilege, saw the suppression of the universities. To the revolutionaries, universities embodied bastions of corporatism and established interests. Moreover, lands owned by the universities and utilized for their support, represented a source of wealth to be tapped by the revolutionary government, just as property possessed by the French Catholic Church had been confiscated. In 1792, the University of Provence, along with twenty-one other universities, was dissolved. Specialized ecoles, with rigorous entrance examinations and open to anyone with talent, were eventually created in order to offer professional training in specialized areas. Nonetheless, the government found it necessary to allow the faculties of law and medicine to continue in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille in the early 19th century.


Modern era (1800–1968)

The founding of the Imperial University of France in 1806 marked a pivotal moment in the educational landscape at the dawn of the 19th century; it was one of the cornerstones of
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
's institutional reconstruction. Dedicated entirely to cultivating the managerial workforce that the country urgently needed, the Imperial University particularly focused on the fields of law and medicine. Consequently, in 1804, twelve law schools were reinstated by Napoleon, including that of Aix, which became part of the Imperial University in 1806. In 1818, ''École de Médecine'' was created in Marseille in order to train doctors in colonial medicine for France's expanding colonial empire. Subsequently, additional faculties were opened in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille to serve the changing needs of French society. For instance, Hippolyte Fortoul, who later served as Minister of the Navy and Colonies of France and then as
Minister of Education An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and deli ...
and Public Worship of France, was the first dean and professor of a new faculty in
French literature French literature () generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by French people, French citizens; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of Franc ...
established in Aix-en-Provence in 1846. Later, the departmental council of the
Bouches-du-Rhône Bouches-du-Rhône ( ; , ; ; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a Departments of France, department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var (department), Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the sout ...
founded a chair in the faculty of letters at Aix-en-Provence in the language and literature of
southern Europe Southern Europe is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of southern Europe include some or all of these countries and regions: Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, C ...
; their aim was to assist the commercial exploitation of the region by French business. In 1854, a new science faculty was created in Marseille to support the growing industrialization of the region. The most significant development for the university in the 19th century, nevertheless, was the recreation of French universities in 1896. The various faculties in Aix-en-Provence and Marseille were grouped into the new University of Aix-Marseille. Through two
world wars A world war is an international conflict that involves most or all of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century, World War I (19 ...
and an
economic depression An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economic downturn that is the result of lowered economic activity in one or more major national economies. It is often understood in economics that economic crisis and the following recession ...
, the University of Aix-Marseille continued to develop. Increasing numbers of women and foreign students joined the student body, and an overwhelming majority of students majored in the science, medicine, and law. Individual faculties were almost autonomous from university administration and the Ministry of Education frequently intervened directly among the faculties.


Recent history (1968–present)

Following riots among university students in
May 1968 The following events occurred in May 1968: May 1, 1968 (Wednesday) *In Dallas, at its first meeting since its creation through a merger, the United Methodist Church removed its rule that Methodist ministers could not drink alcohol nor sm ...
, a reform of French education occurred. The Orientation Act ''(Loi d'Orientation de l'Enseignement Superieur)'' of 1968 divided the old faculties into smaller subject departments, decreased the power of the Ministry of Education, and created smaller universities, with strengthened administrations. Subsequently, the University of Aix-Marseille was divided into two institutions. Each university had different areas of concentration of study and the faculties were divided as follows: * University of Aix-Marseille I:
law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the ar ...
,
political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, polit ...
,
history History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the Human history, human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some t ...
,
psychology Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both consciousness, conscious and Unconscious mind, unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feel ...
,
sociology Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...
,
ethnology Ethnology (from the , meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). Sci ...
,
philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
,
mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
,
physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...
,
chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...
,
natural sciences Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer ...
,
languages Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is ch ...
,
literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...
, and
civilization A civilization (also spelled civilisation in British English) is any complex society characterized by the development of state (polity), the state, social stratification, urban area, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyon ...
* University of Aix-Marseille II:
economic science Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyses w ...
,
geography Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding o ...
,
technology Technology is the application of Conceptual model, conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word ''technology'' can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, including both tangible too ...
,
medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...
,
pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...
,
dental surgery Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the teeth, gums, and mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions o ...
,
topical A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes ...
medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...
,
physical education Physical education is an academic subject taught in schools worldwide, encompassing Primary education, primary, Secondary education, secondary, and sometimes tertiary education. It is often referred to as Phys. Ed. or PE, and in the United Stat ...
, and ocean science In 1973, conservative faculty members led by Charles Debbasch, demanded and obtained the creation of the University of Aix-Marseille III, grouping law, political science,
applied economics Applied economics is the application of economic theory and econometrics in specific settings. As one of the two sets of fields of economics (the other set being the ''core''), it is typically characterized by the application of the ''core'', i.e ...
,
earth science Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres ...
,
ecology Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their Natural environment, environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community (ecology), community, ecosystem, and biosphere lev ...
and technological studies. Nearly 40 years later, in June 2007, the three universities of Aix-Marseille expressed their intention to reunite in order to form one university. The reunification was gradually prepared, respecting a schedule which allowed for long discussions at each stage, after which it was approved by vote of the Board of Directors of each university. Thus, Aix-Marseille University was re-established by decree No. 2011–1010 of 24 August 2011 and officially opened its doors on 1 January 2012.


Organization

Aix-Marseille University is organized into five sectors: * Law and Political Science ** Faculty of Law and Political Science ** Institute of Public Management and Territorial Governance * Economics and Management ** Faculty of Economics and Management ** School of Journalism and Communication ** Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management ** Regional Institute of Labour * Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences ** Faculty of Arts, Literature, Languages and Human Sciences ** Training Centre for Musicians ** Mediterranean House of Human Sciences ** Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences ** Faculty of Dentistry ** Faculty of Pharmacy * Sciences and Technology **
Faculty of Sciences Science education is the teaching and learning of science to school children, college students, or adults within the general public. The field of science education includes work in science content, science process (the scientific method), some ...
** Faculty of Sports ** Pytheas Institute – Earth Sciences and Astronomy Observatory ** Polytech Marseille In addition, the University Institute of Technology and Institute of Teaching and Education are part of the university.


Governance

AMU is governed by the President, the Vice Presidents, the General Director of Services and Deputy Directors General of Services and the Accounting Officer. They meet on a weekly basis to discuss the main affairs of the university and to devise the strategic orientations which will be examined by the university councils. A second meeting with all the deans and directors takes place immediately afterwards to discuss more specific issues regarding internal activities of the various faculties and schools. The Administrative Council comprises 30 members: academics, teaching staff, administrative and technical personnel, students and external members. Its role is to determine the university general policy. The Academic Council consists of two bodies: The Research Committee, composed of 40 members, drafts policy proposals for research, scientific and technical documentation, and the allocation of research funding. The Education and Student Life Committee, composed of 40 members, drafts policy proposals on the curriculum, on requests for authorization and projects for new programs, and on the assessment of programs and teaching. If the President of the university is the most important actor in defining the mission and the strategies of the university, he also has the necessary power to impulse or to sustain the projects that relate to these strategies. Before implementing these projects, they have to be accepted by the university council and if necessary they have to be included in the planning processes. There are two main planning processes in the definition of projects in the university that have to be followed in order to be financed or even authorised and accredited by the public (national and local) authorities. The first process takes place every six years and involves the central government, the region as well as the university. It is devoted to major investment projects, for instance building a new school, a new campus, a new library, etc. It is a catalogue of projects and for each of them it defines the financial burden accepted by each partner in the contract. The second process covers four years and has to be approved by the
French Ministry of Education The Ministry of National Education and Youth, or simply Ministry of National Education, as the title has changed several times in the course of the Fifth Republic, is the cabinet member in the Government of France who oversees the country's pu ...
. In this process, the university sets its objectives at the pedagogical and research levels (new degrees, research projects). This planning process is very important because the university is free to define its own strategy, to be approved by the decision makers. Each process generates an important brainstorming period at all levels of the university in order to identify and build new ideas, new needs, and opportunities, to prioritise them, after an analysis of strengths and weaknesses. Other choices can be made after each process is closed, but they are more difficult to implement because other sources of funding and other ways of authorisation must be found.


Academic profile

Aix-Marseille University enrolls about 80,000 students, including more than 10,000 international students from 128 different countries. The university, with its wide range of general and vocational courses including 600 degree courses, offers teaching in fields as varied as the Arts, Social Sciences, Health, Sport and Economics, Law and Political Sciences, Applied Economics and Management, and Exact Sciences such as Mathematics, Data-processing, Physical Sciences, Astrophysical Sciences, Chemistry and Biology. Its 132 recognized research units and 21 faculties make it a centre of international excellence in social and natural sciences. With more than 500 international agreements, the university participates in the creation of European area of education and research and in the development of mobility. A policy in the direction of Asian countries has led to increase its enrollments of excellent international students. Programmes in French and/or English have been organized in order to favour the welcome and the integration of international students, in particular thanks to the presence within the university of the University Service of French as a Foreign Language (SUFLE). Its predecessor, the Institute of French Studies for Foreign Students ''(Institut d'Etudes Françaises Pour Etudiants Etrangers (IEFEE))'' was founded in 1953 and was regarded as one of the best French-language teaching centres in the country. About a thousand students from 65 countries attend the SUFLE throughout the academic year. It is also a notable centre for teachers of French as a foreign language, and its function is to provide training and perfecting of linguistic abilities in French as a scientific and cultural means of communication. According to Harvard University's website, the university is "one of the most distinguished in France, second only to the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, University of Paris in the areas of
French literature French literature () generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by French people, French citizens; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of Franc ...
, history, and linguistics". The university's library system comprises 59 libraries, with 662,000 volumes, 20,000 online periodical titles, and thousands of digital resources, making it one of the largest and most diverse academic library systems in France. The overall area occupied by the libraries is equal to 37,056 m2, including 19,703 m2 public access space. The libraries offer 49.2 kilometers of open-stacks shelving and 4,219 seats for student study. In addition, there are 487 computer workstations, which are available to the public for research purposes.


Political Science

The university's Institute of Political Studies ''(Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence)'', also known as ''Sciences Po Aix'', was established in 1956. ''Sciences Po Aix'' is a separate and fully independent legal entity within the university. It is one of a network of 10 world-famous IEPs ''(Institut d'études politiques, Instituts d'Etudes Politiques)'' in France, including those in Bordeaux, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Paris, Rennes, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Strasbourg and Toulouse. ''Sciences Po Aix'' is a ''grande école'' in political science and its primary aim is to train senior executives for the public, semi-public, and private sectors. Although the institute offers a multitude of disciplines, its main focus is on politics, including related subjects such as history, law, economics, languages, international relations, and media studies. Its admissions process is among the toughest and most selective in the country. ''Sciences Po Aix'' has numerous exchange programs through partnerships with about 120 different universities in the world: the school therefore welcomes 200 foreign students a year. On top of these academic exchanges, students have the opportunity to do internships abroad in large international firms. Many of the institute's graduates have gone on to high positions within both the French government and in foreign governments. Among the best-known people who studied at ''Sciences Po Aix'' are the current President of the European Central Bank, President of the European Central Bank (ECB), Christine Lagarde, former High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission, Federica Mogherini, the 5th President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Kumaratunga, former French Minister of Justice, Minister of Justice of France, Élisabeth Guigou, former Presidents of the National Assembly of France, Philippe Séguin and Patrick Ollier.


Law

The establishment of the law school at AMU can be traced back to the university's foundation in 1409. The school had far-reaching influence, since written law, which in France originated in Aix-en-Provence, spread from there, eventually replacing the common law practiced throughout the rest of Gaul, northern Gaul. The law school has a long tradition of self-management, with a strongly institutionalized culture and practices enrooted in the social and economic realities of the region. Today, it is one of the largest law schools in France, and is considered to be one of the nation's leading centres for legal research and teaching. The school is unique among List of faculties of law in France, French law schools for the breadth of courses offered and the extent of research undertaken in a wide range of fields. For 2024, the law school is ranked 4th in France for its undergraduate studies by both Times Higher Education World University Rankings, THE and QS World University Rankings, QS rankings. According to the University of Connecticut's website, "other than the Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne, Aix has attracted the most prestigious law faculty in France". The teaching faculty comprises 155 professors and 172 adjunct lecturers, the latter drawn from private practice, the civil service, the judiciary and other organizations. Much of the legal research at the university is done under the auspices of its many research institutes – there is one in almost every field of law. Research activity is buttressed by a network of libraries, which holds an impressive collection of monographs and periodicals, including an important collection of 16th-century manuscripts. Moreover, the libraries have several specialized rooms dedicated to specific fields of law, in particular in International Law, International and European Law and Legal Theory. The school has produced a large number of luminaries in law and politics including the 2nd President of France, Adolphe Thiers, former Prime Minister of France, Édouard Balladur, former List of Presidents of the French National Assembly, President of the National Assembly of France, Félix Gouin, and former French Minister of Justice, Minister of Justice of France, Adolphe Crémieux. The school has also educated two Nobel laureates: René Cassin, winner of the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize, and Frédéric Mistral, winner of the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature. Alumni also include the 3rd President of Lebanon, Émile Eddé, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Vasil Kolarov, former List of heads of government of Angola, Prime Minister of Angola, Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, and former Prime Minister of Cambodia, Norodom Ranariddh. In addition, from 1858 to 1861, a prominent French artist and Post-Impressionist painter
Paul Cézanne Paul Cézanne ( , , ; ; ; 19 January 1839 – 22 October 1906) was a French Post-Impressionism, Post-Impressionist painter whose work introduced new modes of representation, influenced avant-garde artistic movements of the early 20th century a ...
attended the school, while also receiving drawing lessons.


Business and Management Studies

The Aix-Marseille Graduate School of Management, commonly known as IAE Aix-en-Provence, was the first Graduate School of Management in the French public university system. According to The Independent, IAE Aix is "a prestigious, double-accredited institution, with an international approach to business combining both classic and innovative teaching methods". It is the only French public university entity to receive dual international accreditation: the European standard of excellence EQUIS in 1999, and the Association of MBAs, AMBA accreditation in 2004 for its MBA Change & Innovation, in 2005 for its master's programmes and in 2007 for its Executive Part-time MBA. The school is composed of 40 permanent faculty members, and invites more than 30 international professors and 150 business speakers each year to conduct lectures and courses within the various programmes. IAE Aix offers graduate level programmes in general management, international management, internal audit of organisations, service management, internal and external communications management, management and information technologies, International Financial Management, international financial management and applied marketing. In 2011, the M.Sc. in General Management was ranked 2nd in France along with the M.Sc. in Services Management and Marketing being ranked 3rd and the M.Sc. in Audit and Corporate Governance also being ranked 3rd in the country by ''Eduniversal, SMBG''. In 1990, IAE Aix and ESSEC Business School ''(École Supérieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales)'' signed an agreement to unite and offer a joint Doctorate Programme, allowing ESSEC professors to teach in the Research Oriented Master programme in Aix-en-Provence. Furthermore, after Research Oriented Master graduation, students can attend the ESSEC Doctorate seminars and have an ESSEC Research Advisor ''(Directeur de Recherche)''. In the same way, ESSEC students can enroll in the IAE Aix's Research Oriented Master and Doctorate programmes. In both cases, the members of the thesis juries come from both IAE Aix and ESSEC. The Doctorate title is awarded by Aix-Marseille University.


Economics

Aix-Marseille School of Economics (AMSE) is a gathering of three big laboratories in economics, part of AMU: GREQAM ''(Groupement de Recherche en Economie Quantitative d'Aix Marseille)'', SESSTIM ''(Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale)'', and IDEP ''(Institut D’Economie Publique)''. GREQAM is a research center which specializes in all areas of economics, with strong concentrations in macroeconomics, econometrics, game theory, economic philosophy and public economics. It counts two Fellows of the Econometric Society among its members, and is consistently ranked as one of the top 5 research centers in economics in France. SESSTIM consists of three teams in social and economic sciences, as well as social epidemiology, focusing on applications in the following fields: cancer, infectious and transmissible diseases, and aging. IDEP aims at federating competences in the field of Public Economics broadly defined as the part of economics that studies the causes and the consequences of public intervention in the economic sphere. AMSE has a triple aim in terms of research development about "Globalization and public action", education regarding Master and PhD degrees and valorization toward local authorities, administrations and corporations, and of information aiming at all public. The AMSE Master is a two-year Master programme in Economics jointly organized with the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences and ''Centrale Méditerranée''. It aims to provide high-level courses and training in the main fields of specialization of AMSE: Development Economics, Econometrics, Public Economics, Environmental Economics, Finance/Insurance, Macroeconomics, Economic Philosophy, and Health Economics. The doctoral programme of AMSE brings together more than seventy PhD students. Ten to fifteen new PhD students join the programme each year. These PhD students cover all the research topics available at AMSE. The PhD programme is a member of the European Doctoral Group in Economics (EDGE) with the University of Cambridge, the University of Copenhagen, University College Dublin, Bocconi University, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.


Medicine

The Medical school, Faculty of Medicine at AMU can trace its origins to a Faculty of Medical Arts created in 1557. In 1645, it was transformed into a college of medicine and recognized by a decree issued by the Conseil d'État, Council of State in 1683. During the revolution, although a faculty of medicine was created in Montpellier, Marseille was left aside, probably because of its close proximity. In 1818, ''École Secondaire de Médecine et de Pharmacie'' was founded at ''InterContinental Marseille Hotel Dieu, Hôtel-Dieu'' and this later became an ''École de Plein Exercice''. This educational establishment experienced remarkable success and continued to expand, enrolling 37 students in the official program and 24 in the doctoral track in 1835. By 1893, the student body had grown to 360, with 153 pursuing a degree in medicine. As the number of students increased, the facilities became insufficient, leading to the relocation of the school to the '':fr:Hôtel Daviel, Pavillon Daviel'' in 1875, and subsequently to the ''Palais du Pharo'' in 1893. However, it was not until 1930 that a faculty of medicine was formally organised in Marseille. The town's geographical position meant that it was able to exert a strong influence upon the Mediterranean. The most significant example of this was Antoine Clot, known as Clot Bey, who with the help of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, founded a school of medicine in Cairo in 1827. This enabled Egyptian students to travel to France and encouraged exchanges between western and eastern medicine. In Marseille, medical practices adapted to tropical diseases developed under the influence of the military department of medicine. Physiology at the faculty dates back to :fr:Charles-Marie Livon, Charles-Marie Livon, who was named ''professeur suppléant'' (deputy professor) and then ''professeur agrégé'' (associate professor) of anatomy and physiology having presented his thesis in Paris. He conducted research on Plant embryogenesis, hypophysis and pneumogastric physiology, which earned him the Montyon Prizes, Monthyon Prize at the French Academy of Sciences. Following his work with Louis Pasteur, he opened an anti-rabies clinic and became Mayor of Marseille in 1895. The first dean of the faculty was Leon Imbert, who arrived in Marseille in 1904 as a former ''interne des hôpitaux'' and ''professeur agrégé'' at the Montpellier faculty. Originally a surgeon, he established one of the first centers for maxillofacial prosthetics for the ''gueules cassées'' (broken faces) of the Great War. An anti-cancer center was developed by Lucien Cornill, who was originally from Vichy and studied in Paris. During the First World War, he worked at the neurological center in the 7th Military region of Besançon under the supervision of Gustave Roussy. After the war, he became a ''professeur agrégé'' of pathological anatomy. He became dean of the faculty in 1937 and held this position until 1952. His main work related to clinical neurology and medullary pathology. The Faculty of Pharmacy started its independent activity after being separated from the faculty in 1970. Subsequently, the Faculty of Dentistry also became independent from the Faculty of Medicine. Thus, these three faculties form the Division of Health of the university.


Earth Sciences and Astronomy

The university's Marseille Observatory, Astronomy Observatory of Marseille-Provence (OAMP) was established in 1702. It is one of the French National Observatories under the auspices of the National Institute of Astronomy (INSU) of the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), with a large financial participation by the CNES, National Centre for Space Studies (CNES). Basic research at the OAMP is organized around three priority themes: cosmology and research on dark matter and dark energy, galaxy formation and evolution, stellar system, stellar and planetary system formation and exploration of the Solar System. The OAMP also contributes to the area of environmental sciences and especially the study of the climatic system. The OAMP is very active in technological research and development, mainly in optics and opto-mechanics, for the development of the main observational instruments that will be deployed on the ground and in space in the coming decades. For many years OAMP research teams have had close ties with the French and European space and optical industry. The OAMP takes part in university education in astrophysics, physics and mathematics, as well as in instrumentation and signal processing from the first year of university to the doctorate level. These programs lead to openings in the fields of research and high-tech industry. The OAMP organizes many astronomy outreach activities in order to share important discoveries with the public. The OAMP consists of two establishments: the Laboratory of Astrophysics of Marseille (LAM) and the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP), along with the ''Département Gassendi'', which is a common administrative and technical support unit. With over 50 researchers, 160 engineers, technical and administrative personnel, plus some 20 graduate students and post-docs, the OAMP is one of the most important research institutes in the region.


Engineering

Polytech Marseille is a ''Grande École d'Ingénieurs'' (Graduate School of Science and Engineering), part of AMU. The School offers 8 specialist courses in emerging technologies which lead to an engineering degree after 5 years of studies. Polytech Marseille is also a member of the Polytech Group (France), Polytech Group which comprises 13 engineering schools of French leading universities. Polytech Marseille's advanced level courses have a strong professional focus. They include compulsory work placements in a professional organisation. These programs also benefit from a top rank scientific environment, with teaching staff drawn from laboratories attached to major French research organisations that are among the leaders in their field. Students are recruited on the basis of a selective admissions process which goes via one of two nationwide competitive admissions examinations (''Competitive examination, concours''): either after the ''baccalauréat'' (national secondary school graduation examination) for admission to a five-year course or after two years of higher education for admission to a three-year course. The courses are approved by the ''Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur'' (CTI), the French authority that authorizes recognised engineering schools to deliver the ''Diplôme d'Ingénieur'' (a state-recognised title, recognised equivalent to a "Master in Engineering" by AACRAO) and thus guarantees the quality of the courses. The courses are also accredited by EUR-ACE label, EUR-ACE.


Rankings and reputation

In the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), AMU is ranked joint 101st–150th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 76th–100th in the world for Natural Sciences and Mathematics, joint 151st–200th in the world for Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences, joint 101st–150th in the world for Life and Agricultural Sciences, joint 151st–200th in the world for Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy, 25th in the world for Mathematics, and joint 101st–150th in the world for Physics. In the 2018 Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), AMU is ranked joint 251st–300th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 151st–175th in the world for Arts and Humanities. In the 2015/16 QS World University Rankings (QS), AMU is ranked joint 361st in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 151st–200th in the world for Accounting and Finance, joint 101st–150th in the world for Earth and Marine Sciences, joint 101st–150th in the world for Environmental Studies, joint 101st–150th in the world for History and Archaeology, joint 151st–200th in the world for Law and Legal Studies, joint 151st–200th in the world for Medicine, and joint 151st–200th in the world for Psychology. In the 2016 U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities Ranking, AMU is ranked joint 175th in the world. In the subject tables it is ranked joint 74th in the world for Biology and Biochemistry, joint 166th in the world for Chemistry, joint 149th in the world for Clinical Medicine, joint 90th in the world for Geosciences, joint 50th in the world for Immunology, joint 35th in the world for Microbiology, 98th in the world for Neuroscience and Behavior, joint 95th in the world for Physics, 82nd in the world for Plant and Animal Science, joint 134th in the world for Psychiatry/Psychology, and 34th in the world for Space Science. In the 2016 CWTS Leiden Ranking, AMU is ranked 137th in the world. In the 2015/16 University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP), AMU is ranked 77th in the world. In the 2016 College and university rankings#Center for World University Rankings, Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), AMU is ranked 151st in the world. In the 2019 Reuters - The World's Most Innovative Universities ranking, AMU is ranked 96th in the world.


University presses

Aix-Marseille University is affiliated with two university presses: ''Presses Universitaires de Provence'' (PUP) and ''Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille'' (PUAM); the former is dedicated to the publication of works in the humanities and hard sciences, whereas the latter is devoted to the publication of legal works.


Notable alumni

AMU has produced many alumni that have distinguished themselves in their respective fields. Notable AMU alumni include four Nobel Prize laureates, a two-time recipient of the
Pulitzer Prize The Pulitzer Prizes () are 23 annual awards given by Columbia University in New York City for achievements in the United States in "journalism, arts and letters". They were established in 1917 by the will of Joseph Pulitzer, who had made his fo ...
, six César Award winners, four Olympic medalists and numerous members of the component academies of the . AMU has a large number of alumni who have been active in politics, including multiple heads of state or government, parliamentary speakers, government ministers, at least a hundred members of the National Assembly of France, twenty-six members of the Senate of France and eleven members of the European Parliament (EP).


Notable faculty and staff


Nobel laureates

* Sheldon Glashow – winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics


Politics and government


Foreign politicians

* Chedly Ayari – Minister of Planning of Tunisia: 1969–1970/1974–1975; Minister of Youth and Sports of Tunisia: Jun–Nov 1970; Ministry of Education (Tunisia), Minister of Education of Tunisia: 1970–1971; Minister of Economy of Tunisia: 1972–1974 * Renato Balduzzi – Italian Minister of Health, Minister of Health of Italy: 2011–2013 * Boudewijn Bouckaert – Member of the Flemish Parliament: 2009–2014 * Sadok Chaabane – Justice ministry, Minister of Justice of Tunisia: 1992–1997; Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia: 1999–2004 * Tullio De Mauro – Italian Minister of Education, Minister of Education of Italy: 2000–2001 * Francis Delpérée – Member of Belgian Senate: 2007–2011 * Sven Koopmans – Member of the House of Representatives (Netherlands), House of Representatives of the Netherlands: 2017–2021 * Nikolaos Politis – List of foreign ministers of Greece, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece: 1916–1920 * Kenneth F. Simpson – Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the United States House of Representatives: Jan 1941 * Michel van den Abeele – Director-General of Eurostat: 2003–2004; Ambassador of the EU to the OECD and UNESCO: 2004–2007


French politicians

* Joseph Barthélemy – French Minister of Justice, Minister of Justice of France: 1941–1943 * Hippolyte Fortoul – List of Naval Ministers of France, Minister of the Navy and Colonies of France: Oct–Dec 1851; List of Education Ministers of France, Minister of National Education of France/Minister of Worship (France), Minister of Public Worship of France: 1851–1856 * Hubert Haenel – French politician, member of the Constitutional Council of France: 2010–2015 * Didier Maus – Conseiller d'État (France), Councillor of State of France: 2001–2011 * Jean-Paul Proust – Minister of State (Monaco), Minister of State of Monaco: 2005–2010; Prefecture of Police of Paris, Prefect of Police of Paris: 2001–2004 * Joseph Jérôme Siméon – List of Presidents of the French National Assembly, President of the National Assembly of France: Aug–Sep 1797; List of Education Ministers of France, Minister of National Education of France: Feb–Oct 1820; Minister of the Interior (France), Minister of the Interior of France: 1820–1821; President of the Court of Audit of France, Court of Financial Auditors of France: 1837–1839 * Jean-Jacques Weiss – Conseiller d'État (France), Councillor of State of France: 1873–1879


Members of the National Assembly of France

* René Brunet – Member of Parliament (France), Deputy: 1928–1942 * Joseph Comiti – Deputy: 1968–1981 * Paul de Fougères de Villandry – Deputy: 1837–1839 * Jean-Pierre Giran – Deputy: 1997–2002/2002–2007/2007–2012/2012–2017 * François-Michel Lambert – Deputy: 2012–2022 * Rémy Montagne – Deputy: 1958–1968/1973–1980 * Ambroise Mottet – Deputy: 1835–1842/1844–1848 * Paul Patriarche – Deputy: 1997–2002 * Camille Perreau – Deputy: 1898–1902 * Philippe Sanmarco – Deputy: 1981–1993 * Henri-Emmanuel Poulle – Deputy: 1831–1834/1834–1837/1837–1839/1839–1842/1842–1846/1846–1848 * Dominique Taddéi – Deputy: 1978–1981/1981–1986 * Maurice Toga – Deputy: 1986–1988


Members of the Senate of France

* Alain Delcamp – Secretary-General: 2007–2013 * Brigitte Devésa – Senator: 2021–present * Claude Domeizel – Senator: 1998–2014 * Michèle Einaudi – Senator: Aug–Sep 2020 * Hélène Masson-Maret – Senator: 2013–2014


Diplomatic service

* Princess Bajrakitiyabha of Thailand, Princess Bajrakitiyabha – Thailand, Thai Ambassador to Austria: 2012–2014 * Gilles-Henry Garault – French Ambassador to Nepal: 2007–2010 * Jeane Kirkpatrick – United States Ambassador to the United Nations: 1981–1985


Lawyers, judges, and legal academics

* Sami A. Aldeeb – Head of the Arab and Islamic Law Department at the Swiss Institute of Comparative Law, and Director of the Center of Arab and Islamic Law * Harry Blackmun – Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: 1970–1994 * Leonardo Nemer Caldeira Brant – Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 2022–present * Jay Bybee – Senior Status, Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit: 2019–present * Mirjan Damaška – Sterling Professor emeritus at Yale Law School * René David – former Chair of Comparative Law at the
University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...
* Louis Favoreu – French academic and jurist * Barry E. Friedman – American academic with an expertise in federal courts, working at the intersections of law, politics and history * Giorgio Gaja – Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 2011–2021 * Alon Harel – the Phillip P. Mizock & Estelle Mizock Chair in Administrative and Criminal Law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem * Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr. – Trustee Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, the Thomas E. Miller Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, and Sterling Professor Emeritus of Law at Yale Law School * Ayşe Işıl Karakaş – Turkish academic, judge of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) * Peter Lindseth – the Olimpiad S. Ioffe Professor of International and Comparative Law and the Director of International Programs at the University of Connecticut School of Law * Ejan Mackaay – Professor of Law at the ''Université de Montréal'' * John F. Murphy (law professor), John F. Murphy – American lawyer and a professor at Villanova University * John L. Murray (judge), John L. Murray – Chief Justice of Ireland: 2004–2011; Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland: 1999–2015; Judge of the European Court of Justice (ECJ): 1992–1999; Attorney General of Ireland: 1982/1987–1991 * Theo Öhlinger – Member of the Constitutional Court (Austria), Constitutional Court of Austria: 1977–1989 * Francesco Parisi (economist), Francesco Parisi – the Oppenheimer Wolff & Donnelly Professor of Law at the University of Minnesota Law School * Raymond Ranjeva – Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 1991–2009; Judges of the International Court of Justice, Vice-President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ): 2003–2006 * Hjalte Rasmussen – former professor of EU Law at the University of Copenhagen * Michel Rosenfeld – Justice Sydney L. Robins Professor of Human Rights, Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University * Francisco Rubio Llorente – Judge of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1980–1992; Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Spain: 1989–1992; President of the Spanish Council of State: 2004–2012 * Eli Salzberger – Law Professor at the University of Haifa Faculty of Law * Antonin Scalia – Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court: 1986–2016 * Bernhard Schlink – German jurist and writer * Ronald Sokol – American lawyer and writer * Alec Stone Sweet – Leitner Professor of Law, Politics and International Studies at Yale Law School * Symeon C. Symeonides – Dean of the Willamette University College of Law * Michael Tigar – American criminal defense attorney


Arts, literature, humanities, and entertainment


Historians

* François Victor Alphonse Aulard – professor of the history of the French Revolution at Sorbonne University * Gabriel Camps – French historian * Georges Duby – French historian, member of the French Academy * Georges Foucart – French historian and Egyptologist * Douglas Johnson (historian), Douglas Johnson – British historian, an advisor to the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on all matters concerning France * Nora Lafi – French historian * Paolo Malanima – Italian economic historian * George E. Mowry – American historian focusing primarily on the Progressive Era, professor at UCLA and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill * Jean-Rémy Palanque – professor of ancient history, member of the ''Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' * Serge Ricard – professor of American Civilization at the Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3 * Théodore Eugène César Ruyssen – French historian, President of the Peace Through Law Association * Rafał Taubenschlag – Polish historian of law, a specialist in Roman law and papyrology * Paul Veyne – French historian and archaeologist * Catherine Virlouvet – French historian, a professor of economic and social history of ancient Rome * Arundhati Virmani – Indian historian * Jules Sylvain Zeller – French historian, lecturer at Sorbonne University, member of the ''Académie des Sciences morales et politiques''


Journalism

* Mazarine Pingeot – French journalist, writer and professor, the daughter of former President of France, François Mitterrand * Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol – French journalist and essayist, member of the French Academy


Literature

* Yves Bonnefoy – French poet and essayist * Paule Constant – French novelist, winner of the 1998 Prix Goncourt * Louis O. Coxe – American poet, playwright, essayist, and professor * Frieda Ekotto – Francophone African novelist and literary critic, professor of Afro-American and African Studies and Comparative Literature at the University of Michigan * Henri Fluchère – chairman of the Société Française Shakespeare and a literary critic * Raymond Jean – French writer, winner of the 1983 ''Prix Goncourt#Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle, Prix Goncourt de la Nouvelle'' * François Ricard – Canadian writer, professor of
French literature French literature () generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by French people, French citizens; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of Franc ...
at McGill University * Émile Ripert – French academic, poet, novelist and playwright * Urbano Tavares Rodrigues – Portuguese professor of literature, a literary critic and a fiction writer * Lydie Salvayre – French writer, winner of the 2014 Prix Goncourt * Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna – Brazilian poet, essayist, and professor * Roselyne Sibille – French poet * William E. Wilson (writer), William E. Wilson – American writer


Music

* André Bon – French composer * André Boucourechliev – French composer * Barry Conyngham – Australian composer and academic * Jean-Claude Risset – French composer


Scientists


Social Science

* Jean-Claude Abric – professor in social psychology * Giulio Angioni – Italian writer and anthropologist, professor at the University of Cagliari, fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, St Antony's College of the University of Oxford * Anthony Barnes Atkinson – Fellow of the British Academy, a senior research fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford, Nuffield College of the University of Oxford and Centennial Professor at the London School of Economics (LSE) * Sydney Hervé Aufrère – French Egyptologist, archaeologist, and director of research at CNRS * Patrick Baert – Belgian sociologist and social theorist, reader in Social Theory at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge * Eugène Benoist – French classical philologist, member of the ''Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'' * Danielle Bleitrach – French sociologist * Maurice Blondel – French philosopher * David E. Bloom – the Chair of Harvard University's Department of Global Health and Population, professor of Economics and Demography at the Harvard School of Public Health, and Director of the Program on the Global Demography of Aging * François Burgat – French political scientist and arabist, senior research fellow at the
French National Centre for Scientific Research The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engi ...
, and the Head of the Institut français du Proche-Orient, French Institute of the Near East * Forrest Capie – professor emeritus of Economic History at the Cass Business School, City University London * Brian Lee Crowley – Managing Director of the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, and the founding President of the Atlantic Institute for Market Studies (AIMS) * Christie Davies – British sociologist, professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Reading * Rajeev Dehejia – professor of public policy in the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University * Roger Establet – French scholar of the sociology of education * Jean-Yves Girard – French logician * Louis Godart – the chair of philology at the University of Naples Federico II * Lucien Golvin – French university professor who specialized in the study of art from the peoples of the Maghreb * Gérard Granel – French philosopher and translator * Gilles-Gaston Granger – French analytic philosopher * Pierre Gros – contemporary scholar of ancient Roman architecture and the Latin language * Maurice Gross – French linguist and scholar of Romance languages * Gene Grossman – the Jacob Viner Professor of International Economics at Princeton University * Bernard Harcourt – the chair of the Political Science Department, professor of political science and the Julius Kreeger Professor of Law at the University of Chicago * Józef Maria Hoene-Wroński – Polish philosopher * Jean-Louis Le Moigne – French specialist on systems theory and constructivist epistemology * Leigh Lisker – American linguist and phonetician * Carlo Lottieri – Political Philosophy professor * John Loughlin (professor), John Loughlin – Director of the Von Hügel Institute, and a senior fellow and affiliated lecturer in the Department of Politics and International Studies at the University of Cambridge * Audier Marius – the founder of the Institute of Social Gerontology (''Institut de Gérontologie Sociale'') * Octave Merlier – expert on the Modern Greek language * Georges Mounin – French linguist, translator and semiotician * Gunasekaran Paramasamy – Vice-Chancellor of Thiruvalluvar University * Jules Payot – French educationist * Charles Rostaing – French linguist specialising in toponymy * Mark Seidenberg – Hilldale and Donald O. Hebb Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories * Samah Selim – Egyptian scholar and translator of Arabic literature * Bernard Sellato – former Director of the Institute for Research on Southeast Asia * Étienne Souriau – French philosopher, member of the ''Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques'' * Paul Souriau – French philosopher * William H. Starbuck – organizational scientist who held professorships in social relations (Johns Hopkins University), sociology (Cornell University), business administration (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), and management (New York University) * Nikola Stoyanov – Bulgarian scientist, economist and financier * Eero Tarasti – Finnish musicologist and semiologist * John Waterbury – American academic, professor of politics and international affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs * Jean Varenne – French Indologist * Andrey Zaliznyak – Russian linguist * Christoph Zürcher – professor of Political Science at the Free University of Berlin


Medical science

* Nicolas Maurice Arthus – French immunologist and physiologist * Philip Augustine – Indian gastroenterologist, specialist in gastrointestinal endoscopy * Svetlana Broz – Bosnian–Serbian author and physician, the granddaughter of the 1st President of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito * Boris Cyrulnik – French doctor, ethologist, neurologist and psychiatrist * Jacques Daviel – French ophthalmologist, oculist to Louis XV of France, Fellow of the Royal Society, and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences * Édouard Marie Heckel – French botanist and medical doctor, former director of the Jardin botanique E.M. Heckel, and founder of the Institut Colonial de Marseille, Colonial Institute and Museum of Marseille * Charles Joret – French literary historian, philologist and botanical author * Antoine Mérindol – French physician, doctor to Louis XIII of France


Physical science

* Henri Bacry – visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study and a researcher at CERN * René Baillaud – French astronomer * Ugo Bardi – professor in physical chemistry at the University of Florence * Reinhold Bertlmann – Austrian physicist, professor of physics at the University of Vienna * Eugenio Bianchi – Italian theoretical physicist * Jean Bosler – French astronomer * Henri Buisson – French physicist * Jean Cabannes – French physicist * Christian Cambillau – French scientist at the CNRS in Structural Biology * Carlo Carraro – President of the University of Venice, Director of the Sustainable Development Programme of the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, and Director of the Climate Impacts and Policy Division of the Euro-Mediterranean Center for Climate Change (CMCC) * Maurice Caullery – French biologist, lecturer at Sorbonne University * Jean Chacornac – French astronomer * Jérôme Eugène Coggia – French astronomer * Alain Colmerauer – French computer scientist and the creator of the logic programming language Prolog * Henri Coquand – French geologist and paleontologist * Pablo Cottenot – French astronomer * Charles Depéret – French geologist and paleontologist, member of the French Academy of Sciences and the Société géologique de France * August Alphonse Derbès – French naturalist, zoologist and botanist * Jean Dufay – French astronomer, member of the French Academy of Sciences * Jean-Yves Empereur – French archeologist and egyptologist * Honoré Fabri – French Jesuit theologian, mathematician, physicist and controversialist * Charles Fabry – Professor of General Physics at Sorbonne University and the École Polytechnique, co-discoverer of the ozone layer * Charles Fehrenbach (astronomer), Charles Fehrenbach – French astronomer, member of the French Academy of Sciences, and Director of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) * John F. Forester – American planning theorist with a particular emphasis on participatory planning, former Chair of the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University * Jean-Félix Adolphe Gambart – French astronomer * Alex Grossmann – Croatian-French physicist * Rudolf Haag – German physicist * Isao Imai (physicist), Isao Imai – Japanese theoretical physicist * Henri Lucien Jumelle – French botanist * Daniel Kastler – French theoretical physicist * Joseph J. Katz – American chemist at Argonne National Laboratory, member of the National Academy of Sciences, US National Academy of Sciences * Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie – French astronomer * Deepak Lal – the James Smoot Coleman, James S. Coleman Professor of International Development Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) * Antonio Lanzavecchia – Italian immunologist * Lucien Laubier – French oceanographer * Laurie Menviel - Australian climate scientist & oceanographer * Henry de Lumley – French archeologist, geologist and prehistorian * John L. Lumley – professor emeritus, Graduate Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University * Roger Malina – physicist, astronomer, Executive Editor of Leonardo (journal), ''Leonardo Publications'' at the MIT Press * Antoine Fortuné Marion – French naturalist * Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt – Polish–Lithuanian Jesuit astronomer and mathematician, former Rector of Vilnius University * Jean-Louis Pons – French astronomer * Didier Raoult – French biology researcher * Carlo Rovelli – Italian physicist * Evry Schatzman – French astrophysicist * Édouard Stephan – French astronomer * Wilhelm Tempel – German astronomer * Jose L. Torero – professor in fire safety engineering at the University of Edinburgh * Nicolas Tournadre – professor specializing in morphosyntax and Linguistic typology, typology, member of the LACITO lab of the CNRS * Benjamin Valz – French astronomer * Albert Jean Baptiste Marie Vayssière – French scientist * Margaret Weitz – professor emeritus at Suffolk University * Dan Werthimer – co-founder and chief scientist of the SETI@home project * Francisco José Ynduráin – Spanish theoretical physicist


Business and economics

* Georges Anderla – French economist * Bruce Caldwell (historian of economic thought), Bruce Caldwell – Research Professor of Economics at Duke University, and Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy * Jean-Pierre Danthine – Swiss-Belgian economist, Vice President of the Swiss National Bank (SNB): 2012–2015 * Lars Feld – Director of the Walter Eucken Institut, professor for Economic Policy at the University of Freiburg, and member of the German Council of Economic Experts * Garance Genicot – Belgian-American economist, associate professor of economics at Georgetown University * Rick Gilmore – President/CEO of GIC Trade, Inc. (the GIC Group), Special external advisor to the White House/USAID for the private sector/global food security and managing director of the Global Food Safety Forum (GFSF) in Beijing * Victor Ginsburgh – Belgian economist * Sanjeev Goyal – Indian economist, professor of economics at the University of Cambridge and Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge * Nancy Hubbard – American professor of business, author, and Miriam Katowitz Chair of Management and Accounting at Goucher College * Richard Lyons (Dean of Haas School of Business), Richard Lyons – Dean (education), Dean of the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley: 2008–2018; Chancellor (education), Chancellor of University of California, Berkeley: 2024–present * Angus Maddison – British economist, former emeritus professor at the Faculty of Economics at the University of Groningen * Gérard Mestrallet – Chairman and CEO of Engie: 2008–2016 * Henry Mintzberg – academic and author on business and management, the Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies at the Desautels Faculty of Management of McGill University * Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay – Indian economist * Nikolay Nenovsky – Bulgarian economist * Pierre Pestieau – Belgian economist * George Selgin – the Director of the Cato Institute's Center for Monetary and Financial Alternatives, professor emeritus of economics at the Terry College of Business at the University of Georgia, and an associate editor of Econ Journal Watch * Mark P. Taylor – the Dean of Warwick Business School (WBS) at the University of Warwick and an academic in the fields of International Finance and Economics * Paul Tiffany – Senior Lecturer at the Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley * Lawrence H. White – American economics professor at George Mason University * Myrna Wooders – Canadian economist, professor of economics at Vanderbilt University and the University of Warwick


Mathematics

* Sergio Albeverio – Swiss people, Swiss mathematician working in the field of differential equations and mathematical physics * Peter Balazs (mathematician), Peter Balazs – Austrian mathematician working at the Acoustics Research Institute, Acoustics Research Institute Vienna of the Austrian Academy of Sciences * Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat – French mathematician and physicist, who was the first woman to be elected to the French Academy of Sciences * Joachim Cuntz – Germans, German mathematician, fellow of the American Mathematical Society * Roland Fraïssé – French mathematical logician * John H. Hubbard – American mathematician, professor at Cornell University * Henri Padé – French mathematician, known for his development of approximation techniques for functions using rational functions * Étienne Pardoux – French mathematician working in the field of Stochastic analysis, in particular Stochastic partial differential equations * Olivier Ramaré – French mathematician * Nicolas Sarrabat – French mathematician and scientist, the son of the painter Daniel Sarrabat * Jean-Marie Souriau – French mathematician, known for works in symplectic geometry * Masamichi Takesaki – Japanese mathematician, professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and fellow of the American Mathematical Society * David Trotman – British mathematician, leading expert in an area of singularity theory known as the theory of Stratification (mathematics)#In singularity theory, stratifications * André Weil – French mathematician, known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry


Miscellaneous

* Robert Chaudenson – French linguist, a specialist in creole languages * Alain Colmerauer – French computer scientist * Jean-François Delmas (palaeographer), Jean-François Delmas – French librarian, chief curator of the ''Bibliothèque Inguimbertine'' and the ''Musées de Carpentras'' * Michel Duc-Goninaz – member of the TEJO, World Esperanto Youth Organization (TEJO), and co-editor of ''La Folieto'' * Roger Duchêne – French biographer specializing in the letters of Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné, Madame de Sévigné * Leonard Liggio – classical liberal author, research professor of law at George Mason University, and executive vice president of the Atlas Economic Research Foundation in Fairfax, Virginia * Tuncer Őren – Turkish/Canadian systems engineer, professor emeritus of Computer Science at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (University of Ottawa), School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of the University of Ottawa * Rascas de Bagarris – founder of the science of historical numismatics and one of the most notable antiquaries of his time * Willy Ronis – French photographer


See also

* List of early modern universities in Europe * List of medieval universities * List of oldest universities in continuous operation


References


External links


www.univ-amu.fr
Official website of Aix-Marseille University
Scholars and Literati at the University of Aix (1409–1793)Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae – RETE
{{authority control Aix-Marseille University, Universities and colleges in Aix-en-Provence Universities and colleges in Marseille Buildings and structures in Marseille, University Aix-Marseille Law schools in France Universities and colleges formed by merger in France Universities and colleges established in 1896 1896 establishments in France