Portuguese Legislative Election, 2015
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The 2015 Portuguese legislative election was held on 4 October. All 230 seats of the Assembly of the Republic were in contention. The right-wing coalition Portugal Ahead (PàF), composed of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the People's Party (CDS-PP), won a plurality of the vote with 38.6 percent, securing almost 47 percent of the seats in the Assembly. Compared with 2011, this was a loss of 12 points in support (although the PSD and the CDS–PP did not contest the 2011 election in coalition). On the electoral map, the coalition won every district in the North and in the Centre except Castelo Branco. They also won in the big districts of Lisbon and Porto. The map shows a clear north–south divide, with the conservative coalition winning almost everything in the North and Centre and the Socialist Party (PS) winning in the South. The PS was the second most voted political force, winning 32.3 percent of the vote and 37 percent of the seats in the Parliament. The PS received a higher share of the vote than in 2011, but did not increase its share by as much of a margin as had been predicted by the opinion polls prior to September 2015. António Costa, former mayor of Lisbon, was not able to win the city of Lisbon, where the PS lost to PàF by a 35 to 37 percent margin. Although the PS and the other left-wing parties did win a clear overall majority in Parliament, in his concession speech Costa said that he would not support "a negative coalition" with the Left Bloc and Communist Party and that he would rather talk and negotiate with the PSD/CDS–PP coalition. The Left Bloc (BE), despite predictions by opinion polls, achieved its best result in history, with more than 10 percent of the vote, becoming the third largest parliamentary group. The CDU's (Communists and Greens) share of the vote increased slightly compared to 2011, receiving 8 percent of the vote and one additional MP. The People-Animals-Nature (PAN) also elected one member of parliament becoming the first time since 1999 in which a new party entered the Assembly.
Voter turnout In political science, voter turnout is the participation rate (often defined as those who cast a ballot) of a given election. This is typically either the percentage of Voter registration, registered voters, Suffrage, eligible voters, or all Voti ...
reached a new low, with just 55.8 percent of the electorate casting their ballot on election day. Passos Coelho was asked, by the President of the Republic, to form a minority government that took the oath of office on October 30, 2015. The government fell after the approval of a motion to bring it down on 10 November. On 24 November, António Costa was appointed by the President of the Republic as Prime Minister-designate. Costa was sworn in on 26 November 2015.


Background


2011–2014 Portugal bailout management

After the PSD/CDS–PP government was sworn in, a series of austerity policies, following the bailout deal, were enacted and created several backlash and protests. In September 2012, further austerity policies led to one of the biggest demonstrations against a government in Portuguese democracy, with more than 1 million people going out to the streets across the country. Because of this massive protest, the coalition government was deeply shaken and was forced to drop several policies. In the summer of 2013, another crisis in the coalition government emerged. The Finance Minister Vítor Gaspar resigned in late June 2013, and
Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
Pedro Passos Coelho Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese people, Portuguese politician and university guest lecturer who was the List of prime ministers of Portugal, 117th prime minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 201 ...
choose the Treasury Secretary,
Maria Luís Albuquerque Maria Luís Casanova Morgado Dias de Albuquerque (; born 16 September 1967) is a Portuguese politician who is the Member of European Commissio for Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union, European Commissioner for Fi ...
, to be the next Finance minister. However, CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP) leader, Paulo Portas, criticized the choice of the new minister and announced his "irrevocable" resignation from the government. Prime Minister Passos Coelho didn't accepted Portas's resignation and refused also to leave his office, opting, instead, to negotiate a new government organization with Portas. A deal was reached a few days later, in which Portas would become deputy prime minister and with more powers on economic affairs. But, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva refused to accept the deal and forced negotiations between PSD and PS, in which a deal between parties to maintain economic stability and snap elections in 2014 were on the table. Despite the Presidential pressures, talks between PSD and PS fell apart and Cavaco Silva was forced to accept the PSD/CDS–PP original deal. The
Social Democrats Social democracy is a social, economic, and political philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and a gradualist, reformist, and democratic approach toward achieving social equality. In modern practice, s ...
(PSD) suffered a considerable setback in the 2013 local elections by gathering just 31 percent of the votes and 106 mayors, a drop of 33 cities, while the Socialists (PS) obtained their best result till that date, 150 mayors, a gain of 18, and won almost 37 percent of the votes. In May 2014, Portugal was successful in exiting the economic bailout that was negotiated in 2011.


Leadership changes and challenges


Socialist Party

After José Sócrates resignation from the party's leadership, due to the poor result of the Socialists in the 2011 elections, a snap leadership election was called to elect a new leader for 22 and 23 July 2011. There were two candidates on the ballot: António José Seguro and Francisco Assis. Seguro was elected by a landslide and the results were the following: , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px", Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px", Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px", % , - , style="background:#f6f;", , align=left , António José Seguro , align=right , 23,903 , align=right , 68.0 , - , style="background:#f6f;", , align=left , Francisco Assis , align=right , 11,257 , align=right , 32.0 , - , colspan=2 align=left , Blank/Invalid ballots , align=right , 367 , align=right , – , - , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Turnout , align=right , 35,527 , align=right , , - , colspan="4" align=left, Source
Official results
The 2014 Portuguese Socialist Party prime ministerial primary was held on 28 September 2014. Following the party's disappointing result in the 2014 European elections, in which the PS got just 31 percent of the votes against the 28 percent of the PSD/CDS coalition, then Mayor of Lisbon António Costa called the results "tiny" (''poucochinho''), and challenged António José Seguro for the leadership. It was the first open primary in the history of the party, and of Portugal, and elected the party's candidate for prime minister for the 2015 general election. In end, only two candidates ran: António José Seguro, General Secretary of the party at the time of the primary, and António Costa, mayor of Lisbon. António Costa won the primary by a landslide with 67.9 percent of the vote against the 31.7 percent of Antonio José Seguro, resulting in Seguro conceding defeat and resigning as General Secretary of the party. Thereafter, Costa was elected as the new Socialist General Secretary on 22 November 2014. The results were the following: , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px", Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px", Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px", % , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , António Costa , align=right , 120,188 , align=right , 67.8 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , António José Seguro , align=right , 55,928 , align=right , 31.5 , - , colspan=2 align=left , Blank/Invalid ballots , align=right , 1,234 , align=right , 0.7 , - , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Turnout , align=right , 177,350 , align=right , 70.71 , - , colspan="4" align=left, Source
Official Results
The start of António Costa's term as PS leader was, however, marred by the arrest of former Socialist Prime Minister José Sócrates on 21 November 2014, due to an inquiry which accused the former prime minister of crimes of tax fraud, money laundering and corruption.


Left Bloc

One year after the disappointing results of the party in the 2011 elections, the then Left Bloc leader, Francisco Louçã, decided to leave the leadership and a party convention was held to elect a new leader. In November 2012, the party elected a dual leadership headed by João Semedo and Catarina Martins. , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px", Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px", Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px", % , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , João Semedo
Catarina Martins , align=right , 359 , align=right , 76.5 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , João Madeira , align=right , 110 , align=right , 23.5 , - , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Turnout , align=right , 469 , align=right , , - , colspan="4" align=left, Source
Results
However, bad polling and election results, specially the 2014 European elections results, put pressure in the party's leadership, and a new party convention, in 2014, showed a very divided party as the dual leadership of Semedo and Martins was reelected by a very slim margin. The results were the following: , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px", Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px", Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px", % , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , João Semedo
Catarina Martins , align=right , 266 , align=right , 50.8 , - , bgcolor=, , align=left , Pedro Filipe Soares , align=right , 258 , align=right , 49.2 , - , - style="background-color:#E9E9E9" , colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" , Turnout , align=right , 524 , align=right , , - , colspan="4" align=left, Source
Results
Just 7 days after the very close result in the party's convention, on 30 November 2014, João Semedo resigned as party coordinator and Catarina Martins became to sole party coordinator.


Date

According to the Portuguese Constitution, an election must be called between 14 September and 14 October of the year that the legislature ends. The election is called by the
President of Portugal The president of Portugal, officially the president of the Portuguese Republic (, ), is the head of state and highest office of Portugal. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, and their relation with the prime minister ...
but is not called at the request of the
prime minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...
; however, the president must listen all the parties represented in Parliament and the election day must be announced at least 60 days before the election. If an election is called in the middle of the legislature (Dissolution of Parliament) it must be held at least in 55 days. Election day is the same in all multi-seats constituencies, and should fall on a Sunday or national holiday. The next legislative election must, therefore, took place no later than 11 October 2015. After meeting with all of the parties represented in parliament on 21 July 2015, the President Aníbal Cavaco Silva called the election for 4 October.


Electoral system

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a
motion of no confidence A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion or vote of confidence) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body) as to whether an officer (typically an executive) is deemed fi ...
to be approved. The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude. The use of the
d'Hondt method The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is an apportionment method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in proportional representation among political parties. It belongs to ...
makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the
Hare quota The Hare quota (sometimes called the simple, ideal, or Hamilton quota) is the number of voters represented by each legislator in an idealized system of proportional representation where every vote is used to elect someone. The Hare quota is eq ...
or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties. For these elections, and compared with the 2011 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:


Parties


Parliamentary factions

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 12th legislature (2011–2015):


Contesting parties

The parties and coalitions that contested seats to the Portuguese parliament, and their leaders, were:


Campaign period


Party slogans


Candidates' debates

After changes in the electoral law that obligated that all of the parties contesting an election should be represented in debates, the 3 main TV networks RTP, SIC and TVI proposed 3 debates between the two main candidates António Costa and
Pedro Passos Coelho Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese people, Portuguese politician and university guest lecturer who was the List of prime ministers of Portugal, 117th prime minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 201 ...
and also a series of head-to-head debates between various party leaders and one debate with all party leaders. After meetings with the various parties, it was decided to hold two face-to-face debates between António Costa and Pedro Passos Coelho in which one would be broadcast on television and the other on radio. There was also going to be a debate between all the parties represented in Parliament but it was cancelled by the refusal of the PSD/CDS-PP coalition to have only the leader of the PSD on the debate and not also the leader of the CDS-PP, Paulo Portas Completed televised debates:


Opinion polling


Voter turnout

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.


Results

The results display a relative victory of the right-wing coalition, but they also display a combined victory of the left-wing parties (including the Socialist Party), with a
hung parliament A hung parliament is a term used in legislatures primarily under the Westminster system (typically employing Majoritarian representation, majoritarian electoral systems) to describe a situation in which no single political party or pre-existing ...
(a right-wing single winner and a left-wing majority parliament).


National summary

, - , colspan=10, , - ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:left;" alignleft, Parties ! rowspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", Votes ! rowspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", % ! rowspan="2" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", ± pp swing ! colspan="5" style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;", MPs , - style="background:#e9e9e9;" ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;",
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;", 2015 ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", ± ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", % ! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:right;", ± , - , , 1,993,504, , 36.86, , 10.9, , 124, , 102, , 22, , 44.35, , 10.5 , - , , 1,747,730, , 32.32, , 4.3, , 74, , 86, , 12, , 37.39, , 5.2 , - , , 550,945, , 10.19, , 5.0, , 8, , 19, , 11, , 8.26, , 4.8 , - , , 445,901, , 8.25, , 0.4, , 16, , 17, , 1, , 7.39, , 0.4 , - , , 80,841, , 1.49, , , , 7, , 5, , 2, , 2.17, , 0.9 , - , , 75,170, , 1.39, , 0.4, , 0, , 1, , 1, , 0.43, , 0.4 , - , , 61,920, , 1.13, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , , 60,045, , 1.11, , 0.0, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , , 39,330, , 0.73, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , , 27,286, , 0.50, , 0.2, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , , 22,627, , 0.42, , 0.0, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , , 21,382, , 0.40, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , style="width:10px; background:#CC0033; text-align:center;", , style="text-align:left;" , ACT! , 20,793, , 0.38, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , , 14,916, , 0.28, , 0.0, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , , 14,275, , 0.26, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , , 13,899, , 0.26, , , , , , 0, , , , 0.00, , , - , , 7,496, , 0.14, , , , 1, , 0, , 1, , 0.00, , 0.4 , - , style="width:10px; background:#0093dd; text-align:center;", , style="text-align:left;" , Alliance Azores , 3,624, , 0.07, , , , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#000080 align="center" , , align=left, Citizenship and Christian Democracy , 2,685 , , 0.05, , 0.1, , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - , style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" , , align=left, Labour , 1,744, , 0.03, , , , 0, , 0, , 0, , 0.00, , 0.0 , - style="background:#e9e9e9;" , colspan="2" style="text-align:left; ", Total valid , style="width:65px; text-align:right; ", 5,206,113 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 96.27 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 0.4 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 230 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 230 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 0 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 100.00 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 0.0 , - , colspan=2, Blank ballots , 112,955, , 2.09, , 0.6, , colspan=5 rowspan=4, , - , colspan=2, Invalid ballots , 89,024, , 1.65, , 0.3 , - style="background:#e9e9e9;" , colspan="2" style="text-align:left; ", Total , style="width:65px; text-align:right; ", 5,408,092 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", 100.00 , style="width:40px; text-align:right; ", , - , colspan=2, Registered voters/turnout , , 9,684,922, , 55.84, , 2.2 , - , colspan=10 style="text-align:left;" , Source
Diário da República - Resultados Oficias


Distribution by constituency

, - class="unsortable" !rowspan=2, Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !rowspan=2, Total
S , - class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;" !colspan=2 , PàF !colspan=2 , PS !colspan=2 , BE !colspan=2 , CDU !colspan=2 , PSD !colspan=2 , PAN , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Azores The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atl ...
, colspan="2" bgcolor="#AAAAAA", , style="background:; color:white;", 40.3 , 3 , 7.8 , - , 2.5 , - , 36.1 , 2 , 0.9 , - , 5 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Aveiro , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 48.1 , 10 , 27.9 , 5 , 9.6 , 1 , 4.4 , - , colspan="2" rowspan="11" bgcolor="#AAAAAA", , 1.0 , - , 16 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Beja , 20.1 , 1 , style="background:; color:white;", 37.3 , 1 , 8.2 , - , 25.0 , 1 , 0.8 , - , 3 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Braga , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 45.6 , 10 , 30.9 , 7 , 8.8 , 1 , 5.2 , 1 , 0.8 , - , 19 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Bragança , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 49.4 , 2 , 34.1 , 1 , 5.5 , - , 3.1 , - , 0.6 , - , 3 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Castelo Branco , 35.3 , 2 , style="background:; color:white;", 38.9 , 2 , 10.0 , - , 6.0 , - , 0.8 , - , 4 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Coimbra Coimbra (, also , , or ), officially the City of Coimbra (), is a city and a concelho, municipality in Portugal. The population of the municipality at the 2021 census was 140,796, in an area of . The fourth-largest agglomerated urban area in Po ...
, style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 37.2 , 4 , 35.3 , 4 , 9.9 , 1 , 7.0 , - , 1.0 , - , 9 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Évora , 23.9 , 1 , style="background:; color:white;", 37.5 , 1 , 8.6 , - , 21.9 , 1 , 0.9 , - , 3 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Faro , 31.5 , 3 , style="background:; color:white;", 32.8 , 4 , 14.1 , 1 , 8.7 , 1 , 2.0 , - , 9 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Guarda , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 45.6 , 2 , 33.8 , 2 , 7.4 , - , 4.0 , - , 0.9 , - , 4 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Leiria , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 48.4 , 6 , 24.8 , 3 , 9.7 , 1 , 5.1 , - , 1.2 , - , 10 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
, style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 34.7 , 18 , 33.5 , 18 , 10.9 , 5 , 9.8 , 5 , 2.0 , 1 , 47 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Madeira Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), is an autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under north of ...
, colspan="2" bgcolor="#AAAAAA", , 20.9 , 2 , 10.7 , 1 , 3.6 , - , style="background:; color:white;", 37.8 , 3 , 1.8 , - , 6 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Portalegre , 27.6 , 1 , style="background:; color:white;", 42.4 , 1 , 9.2 , - , 12.2 , - , colspan="2" rowspan="9" bgcolor="#AAAAAA", , 0.8 , - , 2 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...
, style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 39.6 , 17 , 32.7 , 14 , 11.1 , 5 , 6.8 , 3 , 1.6 , - , 39 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Santarém , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 35.8 , 4 , 32.9 , 3 , 10.8 , 1 , 9.6 , 1 , 1.2 , - , 9 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Setúbal Setúbal ( , , ; ), officially the City of Setúbal (), is a city and a municipality in Portugal. The population of the entire municipality in 2014 was 118,166, occupying an area of . The city itself had 89,303 inhabitants in 2001. It lies withi ...
, 22.6 , 5 , style="background:; color:white;", 34.3 , 7 , 13.1 , 2 , 18.8 , 4 , 1.9 , - , 18 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Viana do Castelo , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 45.5 , 4 , 29.8 , 2 , 8.0 , - , 5.2 , - , 0.9 , - , 6 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Vila Real Vila Real () is the capital and largest city of the Vila Real District, in the Norte, Portugal, North region, Portugal. It is also the seat of the Douro (intermunicipal community), Douro Intermunicipal communities of Portugal, intermunicipal comm ...
, style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 51.0 , 3 , 33.1 , 2 , 5.2 , - , 3.0 , - , 0.6 , - , 5 , - , style="text-align:left;" ,
Viseu Viseu () is a city and municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal and the capital of the Viseu District, district of the same name, with a population of 100,105 inhabitants in the entire municipality, and center of the Viseu Dão Lafões Interm ...
, style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 51.1 , 6 , 29.7 , 3 , 6.7 , - , 3.5 , - , 0.7 , - , 9 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Europe , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 39.1 , 1 , 29.9 , 1 , 5.8 , - , 5.9 , - , 0.9 , - , 2 , - , style="text-align:left;" , Outside Europe , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 48.5 , 2 , 10.8 , - , 1.6 , - , 1.5 , - , 1.8 , - , 2 , - class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9" , style="text-align:left;" , Total , style="background:#00aaaa; color:white;", 36.9 , 102 , 32.3 , 86 , 10.2 , 19 , 8.3 , 17 , 1.5 , 5 , 1.4 , 1 , 230 , - , colspan=14 style="text-align:left;" , Source
Legislativas 2015


Maps

File:2015 Portuguese legislative election district results.svg, Winner and seats by constituency. File:Legislativas portuguesas de 2015 (Mapa) alternativo.png, Most voted political force by
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
. File:Eleições legislativas 2015 Esquerda parlamentar-EN.png, Percentage of votes for the left-wing parties represented in the Parliament, by
district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...
or
autonomous region An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, zone, entity, unit, region, subdivision, province, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or territory, internal territory of a sovereign state that has ...
. File:Portuguese legislative election results, 2015 Left parties - Right parties-b.svg, Most voted-for political fields by district/autonomous regions: Left: PS, BE, CDU; Right: PàF.


Aftermath


Government formation

Despite Costa's statements during election night, the Socialists, the Left Bloc, the
Communists Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...
and the Greens started negotiations to form a left-wing majority coalition government. On 19 October 2015, the Secretary-General of the Socialist Party, António Costa, rejected the proposal for a post-election
coalition government A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a government by political parties that enter into a power-sharing arrangement of the executive. Coalition governments usually occur when no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an ...
with the right-wing alliance PàF. On the next day, Costa said that the Socialist Party would reject in Parliament any government that would be led by
Pedro Passos Coelho Pedro Manuel Mamede Passos Coelho (; born 24 July 1964) is a Portuguese people, Portuguese politician and university guest lecturer who was the List of prime ministers of Portugal, 117th prime minister of Portugal, in office from 2011 to 201 ...
and supported by the right-wing coalition Portugal Ahead. During the same day, António Costa guaranteed to President Aníbal Cavaco Silva that the Socialist Party had the conditions to form a government, supported in the parliament by the Left Bloc and the Communist Party. After being consulted by the President, the Socialist Party, the Left Bloc, the Communist Party and the Greens expressed their intention to support a government of the Socialist Party, led by António Costa. Among the most likely scenarios that were considered for a new government were: * A right-wing (PàF) minority government without the support of the Socialists (without majority support from the new parliament; rejected by Costa); * A right-wing (PàF) minority government with the parliamentary support of the Socialists (rejected by Costa); * A
grand coalition A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political party, political parties of opposing political spectrum, political ideologies unite in a coalition government. Causes of a grand coali ...
government including the right-wing coalition (PàF) and the Socialists (rejected by Costa); * A minority government of the Socialist Party with the parliamentary support of the Left Bloc and the Communists (most likely); * A left-wing coalition government including the Socialists, the Left Bloc and the Communists; * A
caretaker government A caretaker government, also known as a caretaker regime, is a temporary ''ad hoc'' government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed. Depending on specific practice, it co ...
, until new elections are held, if the parties fail to reach an agreement. On 22 October, President Aníbal Cavaco Silva controversially designated Pedro Passos Coelho to form a new government, which after taking the oath of office had 10 days to submit its programme in Parliament. But the PS, BE and CDU had already stated that they would call a motion of rejection to bring down the government. On 23 October, the new Assembly of the Republic was opened. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues, a Socialist, was elected as President of the Assembly with the support of the Socialists, the Communists, the Left Bloc and the Greens. He received 120 votes against 108 votes for the government's candidate. The members of the second Passos Coelho government took the oath of office on 30 October. The government programme was to be voted in the Parliament on 10 November.


Fall of the government and appointment of a new one

The Socialist Party reached agreements with the three other left-wing parties: the Left Bloc, the Communists and the Greens. Those agreements were eventually approved by the national organs of the Socialist Party on 8 November. On 10 November, the Portugal Ahead government programme was rejected in a motion of rejection by a vote of 123 to 107 MPs. On 26 November, a new
government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...
was established as a Socialist Party
minority government A minority government, minority cabinet, minority administration, or a minority parliament is a government and cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in ...
led by António Costa, Socialist Party leader, with the
confidence and supply In parliamentary system, parliamentary democracies based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one ...
of the Left Bloc, the Communist Party and the Green Party.


See also

* Elections in Portugal * List of political parties in Portugal * Politics of Portugal


Notes


References


External links


Popstar Poll Tracker

Marktest Opinion Poll Tracker

Official results site, Portuguese Internal Administration Ministry

Portuguese Electoral Commission

ERC - Official publication of polls

NSD: European Election Database - Portugal
publishes regional level election data; allows for comparisons of election results, 1991-2011 {{Portuguese elections Legislative elections in Portugal Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) 2015 elections in Portugal October 2015 in Portugal