
The plot of Prats de Molló, better known in Catalan historiography as the events of Prats de Molló, (''fets de Prats de Molló'') (by the place name in Catalan of the town of French
Roussillon
Roussillon ( , , ; , ; ) was a historical province of France that largely corresponded to the County of Roussillon and French Cerdagne, part of the County of Cerdagne of the former Principality of Catalonia. It is part of the region of ' ...
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales Departments of France, department in southern France, near the border with Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. The name ''Prats-de-Mollo'' com ...
), was an attempted military invasion of
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...
carried out from
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
to achieve its independence planned by
Francesc Macià
Francesc Macià i Llussà (; 21 September 1859 – 25 December 1933) was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.
Politically, Macià evolved from an ...
and the leadership of the
Estat Català
Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
History
Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by Franc ...
party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from
Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans
Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
Geography
Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans is located in the canton of Le Canigou and in the arrondissement of Céret.
Government and politic ...
, the other from
Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy
Olot
Olot (; ) is the capital city of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The city is known for its natural landscape, including four volcanoes scattered around the city center. The municipali ...
and proclaim the
Catalan Republic
Catalan Republic or Catalan State refers to Catalonia at various times when it was proclaimed either an independent republic or as a republic within a Spanish federal republic:
* Catalan Republic (1640–1641), an independent state under French pro ...
.
Preparations
Primo de Rivera's coup d'état and the
anti-Catalanist policy that he immediately adopted reaffirmed
Estat Català
Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
History
Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by Franc ...
's commitment to the insurrectionary path.
Francesc Macià
Francesc Macià i Llussà (; 21 September 1859 – 25 December 1933) was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.
Politically, Macià evolved from an ...
, the then 64-year-old Estat Català leader, made this clear on October 7, 1923, shortly before he fled to
French Catalonia when he explained that his party's main goal was to form a grand coalition with labor organizations and the Catalan republican parties, and with the Basque and Galician radical nationalists, to carry out a subversive movement that would put an end to the dictatorship. With this objective the first
escamots were formed, it was founded in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
—where Macià was forced to move from
Perpignan
Perpignan (, , ; ; ) is the prefectures in France, prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department in Southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Me ...
by order of the French police, after some incidents during the celebration of
Jocs Florals in Toulouse— a Catalan Separatist Committee, which would serve as the insurrection's headquarters, and began to raise funds for the purchase of war material. At the international level, Macià contacted various movements of European
stateless nation
A stateless nation is an ethnicity, ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own sovereign state.''Dictionary Of Public Administration'', U.C. Mandal, Sarup & Sons 2007, 505 p. Use of the term implies that such ethnic groups have the rig ...
s and with Philippine nationalists to form a League of Oppressed Nations, constituted in September 1924, which would act as a propaganda center and as a pressure group before the
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; , SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace ...
. Macià's initial plan was to organize a border raid that would allow him to occupy enough territory to draw the world's attention and demand a solution to the "Catalan case." In November 1924 Macià writes (in Catalan):
In January 1925, Macià met in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
with representatives of the
CNT and with the radical
Basque nationalists
Basque nationalism ( ; ; ) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group Indigenous peoples of Europe, indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today scattered bet ...
''aberrianos'' (who then controlled the
PNV) to organize a simultaneous uprising in
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...
and the
Basque Country, which would be supported by mobilizations in other Spanish regions that they would have the support of some military. From that meeting came the so-called Pact of the Free Alliance by which a General Revolutionary Committee, or Action Committee, was created, which would be the one to lead the uprising. To finance the operation, a
loan
In finance, a loan is the tender of money by one party to another with an agreement to pay it back. The recipient, or borrower, incurs a debt and is usually required to pay interest for the use of the money.
The document evidencing the deb ...
was issued, called the ''
Pau Claris
Pau Claris i Casademunt (; 1 January 1586 – 27 February 1641) was a Catalan lawyer, clergyman and 94th President of the Deputation of the General of Catalonia at the beginning of the Catalan Revolt. On 16 January 1641 he proclaimed the Ca ...
loan'', worth nearly nine million
pesetas, and between April and August members of the
escamots established several weapons depots near the
Franco-Spanish border. Meanwhile, the French police kept Macià under strict surveillance, for leading the organization of a plot prepared against the Spanish Government, according to a report from the
French Ministry of the Interior
Minister of the Interior (, ) is the interior minister of French government, traditionally responsible for internal security and territorial administration. The minister ensures the maintenance and cohesion of the country's institutions througho ...
.
[Finestres y Pujol, 2009, p. 39.]
In June clandestine groups from
Estat Català
Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
History
Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by Franc ...
and
Acció Catalana
Catalan Action (, AC) was a Centre-left politics, centre-left Centre-left politics, Catalanist political movement active in Catalonia during the early 20th century.
History
AC was created in 1922 around the Catalan National Conference, which brou ...
organized the so-called
Garraf plot, a failed attack against the king and queen of Spain off the coast of
Garraf
Garraf (), is a comarca (county) in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain. It is named after the Garraf Massif. The capital is the city of Vilanova i la Geltrú.
The GR 92 long-distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Me ...
, promoted from abroad by
Daniel Cardona, a leader of Estat Català who is increasingly critical of Macià's strategy and that in November he would leave the party.
In October 1925, after incorporating the communists into the Free Alliance Pact, Macià traveled to
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
—accompanied by the secretary of the
PCE José Bullejos— to obtain the support of the Soviet government and the
Comintern
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second Internatio ...
.
Andreu Nin
Andreu Nin i Pérez (; 4 February 1892 – 20 June 1937) was a Spanish politician, trade unionist and translator. He is mainly known for his role in various Spanish left-wing movements of the early 20th century and, later, for his role in the S ...
, who was then working for the Komitern, acted as his interpreter and managed to meet with
Bukharin
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (; rus, Николай Иванович Бухарин, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪdʑ bʊˈxarʲɪn; – 15 March 1938) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist. A prominent Bolshevik ...
and
Zinoviev Zinoviev, Zinovyev, Zinovieff (), or Zinovieva (feminine; Зино́вьева), as a Russian surname, derives from the personal name Zinovi, from Greek '' Zenobios''.
Notable people with the surname include:
* Alexander Dmitrievich Zinoviev (18 ...
, who promised him economic and military aid, but it never came. According to
Josep Carner i Ribalta, who had also accompanied Macià to Moscow, «a few days after our return to
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, we learned that Zinoviev and his friends had fallen into disgrace and had been dispossessed of all power by Stalin. It may be that for this reason, the promised representative of the
Third International
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second Internation ...
in Paris never arrived, nor, of course, the promised money»
According to
Eduardo González Calleja
Eduardo González Calleja (born 1962) is a Spanish historian, professor of Contemporary History at the Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M). He is the author of a long list of scholar works dealing with political violence.
Biography
He was ...
, it was 400,000 pesetas. This historian affirms, on the other hand, that when Macià returned to Paris, both the CNT and the Basque nationalists were reticent about the "Moscow pact". Macià finally broke with the communists in the spring of 1926, because "we have realized that they were people who, having promised their help, always broke their word, not contributing what they promised and that what they were going to do was take advantage of our name and our organizations to present ourselves with our prestige and carry out their campaigns”, as Macià wrote.
Developing

After the failed coup attempt in June 1926, known as "''
La Sanjuanada''",
Maciá
Maciá is a village and municipality in Entre Ríos Province in north-eastern Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South ...
decided to carry out his plan to invade Catalonia across the French border. “I, for my part, believe that the plot has not ended here, and I have firmly decided, regardless of what they can do and regardless of what our other allies can do, to carry out something ourselves, that even if freedom is not guaranteed... at least it will make us stay in a decent place”, writes Macià.
Macià's plan was for the escamots to penetrate through Prats de Molló, in French Catalonia, and after taking
Olot
Olot (; ) is the capital city of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The city is known for its natural landscape, including four volcanoes scattered around the city center. The municipali ...
they would go to
Barcelona
Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
, where a general strike would be declared, which would have the collaboration of part of the garrison, and where the Catalan Republic would be proclaimed. It was hoped that this proclamation would provoke uprisings in other Spanish regions.
Around the same time, Macià came into contact in Paris with a group of Italian exiles, including Ricciotti Garibaldi Jr, grandson of the hero of
Italian unification
The unification of Italy ( ), also known as the Risorgimento (; ), was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 ended in the annexation of various states of the Italian peninsula and its outlying isles to the Kingdom of ...
, who was not really an
anti-fascist
Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were op ...
fighter but a double agent at the service of the political police. of
Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his overthrow in 194 ...
. Thanks to this
Primo de Rivera learned of the planned invasion. Many of these Italian exiles—between 50 and 100—who participated in the operation had fought in the Garibaldine Legion during
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. With his intervention Macià was looking for the military experience that his
escamots lacked, and that "Macià knew perfectly well that they were complex and contradictory characters. There was a minority of politicized, idealistic volunteers, and a majority of adventurers, marginal characters, declassed and even criminals, residents for years in France...
nd wholived in the cafes and taverns of Paris". The one who recruited them was Arturo Rizzoli, a veteran of the
Great War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, who worked as a dishwasher in a Paris restaurant where he met Joan Nicolau, a prominent member of
Estat Català
Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
History
Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by Franc ...
, who also worked in the establishment.
The attack plan consisted of creating two armed columns that, at dawn, would cross the
Spanish-French border and enter through mountain paths to the outskirts of
Olot
Olot (; ) is the capital city of the ''Catalonia/Comarques, comarca'' of Garrotxa, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The city is known for its natural landscape, including four volcanoes scattered around the city center. The municipali ...
, where several more groups would join them. Once reunited, the strategy consisted of falling by surprise on the capital of the region of
La Garrotxa, Olot, and attacking the
Civil Guard and
Carabineros
The was an armed carabiniers force of Spain under both the monarchy and the Second Spanish Republic, Second Republic. The formal mission of this paramilitary gendarmerie was to patrol the coasts and borders of the country, operating against ...
barracks. At this time, they would take advantage of the action to spread the news of the proclamation of the Catalan Republic through a station that they themselves would transport. It was expected that, upon receiving the news of the operation, the Catalan people would rise up. Later, they would go to
Les Guilleries where the base camp would be set up and operations would continue.
The idea seems to have come from Macià himself, who had been a colonel in the
Spanish Army
The Spanish Army () is the terrestrial army of the Spanish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is one of the oldest Standing army, active armies – dating back to the late 15th century.
The Spanish Army has existed ...
, and the decision to carry it out was made by the direction of
Estat Català
Estat Català (, literally "Catalan State") is a pro-independence nationalist historical political party of Catalonia (Spain).
History
Estat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain. It was founded by Franc ...
, exiled in France and spread over three different places: in
Bois-Colombes
Bois-Colombes () is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. International companies such as Colgate-Palmolive, IBM and Aviva have their French headquart ...
(
Hauts de-Seine ) was
Ventura Gassol
Bonaventura Gassol i Rovira (6 October 1893 – 19 September 1980), known as Ventura Gassol, was a Catalan poet, playwright and politician. A nationalist, he was prominent member of the ''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya'' (ERC, Republican Left ...
, Josep Bordas de Cuesta,
Josep Carner, Ernest Dalmau,
Josep Rovira, Josep Marlès and Martí Vilanova; in
Toulouse
Toulouse (, ; ; ) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Haute-Garonne department and of the Occitania (administrative region), Occitania region. The city is on the banks of the Garonne, River Garonne, from ...
Roc Boronat and Juli Figueres, and in
Perpignan
Perpignan (, , ; ; ) is the prefectures in France, prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department in Southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Me ...
Artur Coromines and Josep Esparç. Macià appointed Josep Bordas de Cuesta as lieutenants for political matters, Josep Carner and Ventura Gassol for propaganda, Josep Rovira, Martí Vilanova, the Morella brothers, Joaquim Carrió, Roc Boronat and Ferran Arqués for military matters. Inside,
Jaume Aiguader and Amadeu Bernadó were in charge of recruiting volunteers.
According to an unreferenced version, Macià was in favor of not carrying out any action until between 400 and 500 volunteers had been recruited and prepared, but the rivalries between the party's leaders (such as
Daniel Cardona) to obtain the support of the American Catalans and the fact that the youngest and most radical sectors (grouped in the ''
Bandera Negra'' clandestine organization) carried out the failed
Garraf plot pushed Macià to approve the operation sooner than expected.
On October 30, Macià gave the mobilization order for those involved in the operation -a glorious adventure, according to Macià- to present themselves, some in Prats de Molló and others in
Sant Llorenç de Cerdans, between that date and November 1, while Macià himself, together with
Ventura Gassol
Bonaventura Gassol i Rovira (6 October 1893 – 19 September 1980), known as Ventura Gassol, was a Catalan poet, playwright and politician. A nationalist, he was prominent member of the ''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya'' (ERC, Republican Left ...
, established their headquarters in a country house near
Prats de Molló
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France, near the border with Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. The name ''Prats-de-Mollo'' comes from Catalan "meadows of Molló". Moll ...
. The mobilization plan was that a group of men dressed as hikers would leave Paris and other French cities—Bordeaux, Toulouse, Lyon, Perpignan—as members of a mountain group headed for
Canigó
The Canigó ( , ; ; ) is a mountain located in the Pyrenees of southern France.
The Canigó is located less than from the sea and has an elevation of . Due to its sharp flanks and its dramatic location near the coast, until the 18th century t ...
. They would carry hidden weapons, field telephones, medical supplies, printed propaganda, and a
estelada
The Estelada (; pl. ''Estelades''; full name ''Senyera estelada'', , from ''estel'', "star") is a flag flown by Catalan independence, Catalan independence supporters to express their support for an independent Catalonia or independent ''Països ...
flag that would be hoisted on the bell tower of the first town to be occupied.
The projected invasion was a complete failure because the French police were on notice, apparently due to a leak from
Garibaldi
Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( , ;In his native Ligurian language, he is known as (). In his particular Niçard dialect of Ligurian, he was known as () or (). 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, revolutionary and republican. H ...
's group,
[Finestres y Cattini, 2009, p. 47.] and he did not have much difficulty in arresting most of the participants in the invasion near the Spanish border (there were 111 detainees). Macià was arrested on the 4th in the country house he was occupying. Meanwhile in
Barcelona
Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...
the Spanish police, who were also aware of the operation, arrested those involved in the plot from the interior of
Catalonia
Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...
.
[González Calleja, 2005, pp. 356-357.]
The trial
Macià was taken to
Perpignan
Perpignan (, , ; ; ) is the prefectures in France, prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department in Southern France, in the heart of the plain of Roussillon, at the foot of the Pyrenees a few kilometres from the Me ...
, where the rest of the detainees were also taken, being housed in the barracks of the Senegalese rifle regiment. Within a few days, most of those arrested are expelled from France, while about twenty, considered the masterminds of the operation, are transferred to Paris to stand trial. The news of the complot des catalans, as the French press calls it, and the subsequent trial occupies the pages of the newspapers of Europe and America, which is a strong support for the "Catalan cause". Macià, aged 67, becomes a popular character in France, and is sometimes presented as an idealistic
Don Quixote
, the full title being ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'', is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, the novel is considered a founding work of Western literature and is of ...
.
[Finestres y Pujol, 2009, p. 41.]
Those implicated brought to trial in Paris were 18, 16 Catalans (
Macià himself, Josep Bordas, Roc Boronat, Josep Carner Ribalta, Ernest Dalmau, Josep Esparch,
Ventura Gassol
Bonaventura Gassol i Rovira (6 October 1893 – 19 September 1980), known as Ventura Gassol, was a Catalan poet, playwright and politician. A nationalist, he was prominent member of the ''Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya'' (ERC, Republican Left ...
, Joan Moragues, Josep Morella, Pere Morella, Luis Morella, Josep Rovira , Martí Vilanova, Ramon Fabregat, Artur Coromines, Juli Figueras) and 2 Italians (Arturo Rizzoli and Ricciotti Garibaldi, Jr).
[Creus, Morales y Colomines, 2003, p. 24.]
In a preliminary interrogation,
Francesc Macià
Francesc Macià i Llussà (; 21 September 1859 – 25 December 1933) was a Catalan politician who served as the 122nd president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, and formerly an officer in the Spanish Army.
Politically, Macià evolved from an ...
, on behalf of all the accused, affirmed that the conspirators represented "the survival of the rebellious spirit of oppressed Catalonia", and a few days later in an interview for the Paris newspaper
Le Petit Journal, he justified the attempt of invasion: «Catalonia separated from Spain will not only be happier in the spiritual sense, but also in the economic sense». During the investigation, Macià confessed, according to the trial records, "having prepared and organized an armed expedition to seize power and proclaim the Independent Catalan Republic."
The trial began on January 21, 1927 and during the same Macià took the opportunity to read a long statement on behalf of all the accused in which he defended the "cause of Catalonia":
Macià, thanks to the good work of his defense attorney
Henri Torrès
Henri is the French form of the masculine given name Henry, also in Estonian, Finnish, German and Luxembourgish. Bearers of the given name include:
People French nobles
* Henri I de Montmorency (1534–1614), Marshal and Constable of France
* H ...
, was only sentenced to two months in prison and since he had already served them in preventive detention, he was immediately released. He paid a fine of 100
francs
The franc is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription ''francorum rex'' ( King of the Franks) used on early French coins and until the 18th centur ...
for illegal possession of weapons, and was expelled to
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
.
[Creus, Morales y Colomines, 2003, p. 29.]
Garibaldi was sentenced to two months' imprisonment and a fine of 100 francs, and the rest of the defendants to one month's imprisonment and a 50-franc fine. They were all released, because the sentences were less than the time they had spent in pre-trial detention, and expelled to Belgium.
Consequences
Despite the failure, the plot had a wide international echo which caused it, according to
Eduardo González Calleja
Eduardo González Calleja (born 1962) is a Spanish historian, professor of Contemporary History at the Charles III University of Madrid (UC3M). He is the author of a long list of scholar works dealing with political violence.
Biography
He was ...
, to take on "an unexpected epic dimension" and give "origin to the persistent myth of l'Avi
acià precisely at the time of most low popularity of the Dictatorship and its accomplices in Catalonia". From then on, Macià developed a feverish propaganda activity for the "Catalan cause". In December 1927 he began a trip through Latin America, which culminated in Cuba, where in October 1928 he convened the self-styled
Constituent Assembly of Catalan Separatism, from which the Partit Separatista Revolucxionari de Catalunya would emerge. The
Provisional Constitution of the Catalan Republic was approved in the Assembly.
[Falguera, Oriol (2003). «La Constitució de la República catalana, 1928». ''El Temps'' (en catalán) (1009): 46-51.] and it was also decided that the method of struggle would continue to be the armed uprising of the Catalans, although after the failure of the
January 1929 coup led by
José Sánchez Guerra, Macià decided to abandon the project of a new invasion and opted for organizing an insurrection in the interior of Catalonia, linked to the various anti-dictatorial and anti-monarchist conspiracies that were being hatched at the time.
See also
*
Escamots
*
1936 Catalan coup d'état attempt
The Catalan coup d'etat was an unsuccessful takeover of power in Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1932, autonomous Catalonia, planned by the Independence, independentist party Estat Català. The conspirators intended to declare the total indepe ...
*
Catalan Republic (1931)
The Catalan Republic (, ) was a state proclaimed in 1931 by Francesc Macià as the "Catalan Republic within the Iberian Federation", in the context of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic. It was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, and sup ...
*
1929 Spanish coup d'état
*
1926 Spanish coup d'état
Bibliography
* Creus, Jordi; Morales, Joan; Colomines, Agustí (2003). «El judici a Francesc Macià». ''Sàpiens'' (en catalán) (6): 22-29.
* Finestres, Jordi; Cattini, Giovanni (2009). «Qui va trair Macià? La trama italiana entorn de Prats de Molló». ''Sàpiens'' (in catalan) (84): 42-47.
* Finestres, Jordi; Pujol, Enric (2009). «Conspiracions a l'exili. El complot fallit per alliberar Catalunya de la Dictadura». ''Sàpiens'' (in catalan) (84): 36-41.
*
González Calleja, Eduardo
Gonzalez or González may refer to:
People
* González (surname)
Places
* González, Cesar, Colombia
* González Municipality, Tamaulipas, Mexico
* Gonzalez, Florida, United States
* González Island, Antarctica
* González Anchorage, Antarc ...
(2005). ''La España de Primo de Rivera. La modernización autoritaria 1923-1930''. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. .
References
{{Reflist
1926 in Catalonia
Catalan nationalism