Phú Yên was a former central coastal

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

in the

South Central Coast In Vietnam, South Central Coast () and South Central Region () are two terms which can refer to the same region or two regions that do not correspond to each other. South Central Coast (sometimes called "South Central Region") consists of the i ...

region, in

Central Vietnam Central Vietnam ( or ), also known as Middle Vietnam or The Middle, formerly known as by the State of Vietnam, by the Republic of Vietnam, or '' Annam'' under French colonial rule, is one of the three geographical regions within Vietnam. Th ...

. It borders Bình Định to the north, Khánh Hòa to the south,

Gia Lai Gia Lai is a northern mountainous province in the Central Highlands region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Kon Tum in the north, Quảng Ngãi in the northeast, Bình Định in the east, Phú Yên in the southeast, Đắk Lắk in t ...

to the northwest, Đắk Lắk to the southwest and the

South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...

to the east. On June 12th, 2025, Phú Yên was merged into Đắk Lắk province.

History

Phú Yên formerly belonged to

Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...

territory as Ayaru, a part of Kauthara polity. In 1611, Nguyen Hoang sent his general Van Phong to attack Ayaru.

failed and Nguyen Hoang annexed Ayaru into Dang Trong and he named it ''Phú Yên'', which means a prosperous and peaceful land.

Geography

Phú Yên province contains two passes:

Cù Mông pass Cù Mông Pass (Đèo Cù Mông) is a mountain pass between Bình Định and Phú Yên provinces in Vietnam. It is on the 1A National Highway. In the 1470s, the pass marked the southern limit of the Lê dynasty extension of Vietnamese rule.Vie ...

in the north and Cả pass in the south. The province's topography consists of hilly regions in the west (70%) and the fertile plain of Tuy Hòa in the east. Lowlands also extend west along

Đà Rằng River Ba River (, also known as Ea Pa, Ia Pa, Krông Pa or Đà Rằng River) is a river in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. It has its source in Kon Tum Province and flows into the South China Sea in Tuy Hòa, Phú Yên Province.''Atlat ...

. ''Atlat Dia li Viet Nam'' (Geographical Atlas of Vietnam). NXB Giao Duc, Hanoi: 2010 The highest peaks are at 1,592 m on the border of Khánh Hòa province in the south and at 1,331 m in the northwest ( Đồng Xuân District).Viet Nam Administrative Atlas. Cartographic Publishing House, Hanoi 2010 There are several hills near the coast, including Mô Cheo (Núi Mô Cheo, 814 m) in

Sông Cầu Sông Cầu is a town (''thị xã'') of Phú Yên province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. After the Vietnam War The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia f ...

and Đá Bia (Núi Đá Bia, 706 m) near Đại Lãnh in Đông Hòa District. The main rivers that flow across Phú Yên are the

(the largest river in Central Vietnam), Bàn Thạch River and Kỳ Lộ River. Sông Hinh Lake, a large artificial lake, is located in the southwest of the province. Phú Yên has various picturesque landscapes, such as the Ô Loan Lagoon, Sông Cầu coconut ranges, Đá Bia and Nhạn mountains, Rô Bay, Xep Beach, and Long Thủy Beach. The beautiful nature of Phú Yên has been used for the movie ''

Yellow Flowers on the Green Grass ''Yellow Flowers on the Green Grass'' () is a 2015 Vietnamese film. It was adapted from the novel of the same name by Nguyễn Nhật Ánh. It was directed by Victor Vũ and produced by Galaxy Media & Entertainment Saigon Concert, Phương Na ...

'', which is adapted from the same novel by

Nguyễn Nhật Ánh Nguyễn Nhật Ánh (born May 7, 1955) is a Vietnamese author who writes for teenagers and adults. He also works as a teacher, poet and correspondent. His works include approximately 30 novels, 4 essays, 2 series and some collections of poems. ...

Administrative divisions

Phú Yên is subdivided into nine district-level sub-divisions: * 6 districts: :* Đồng Xuân :* Phú Hòa :* Sơn Hòa :* Sông Hinh :* Tây Hòa :* Tuy An * 2 district-level towns: ** Đông Hòa **

* 1 provincial city: **

Tuy Hòa Tuy Hòa () is the coastal city and capital of Phú Yên Province in South-Central Vietnam. The city has a total area of and a population of 155.921 (in 2019). The city is located approximately midway between Nha Trang and Qui Nhơn. The city ...

(capital) They are further subdivided into eight commune-level towns (or townlets), 88 communes, and 16 wards.

Demography

As of 2007 Phú Yên has a population of 880,700. It has a relatively small urban population (178,600), making up 20% of the province's population. With 174 people per square kilometer, it is also one of the least densely populated provinces of the South Central Coast. Population density is relatively high (exceeding 500/km²) along the lower

, but is lower than 50/km² in much of the western part of the province. Average yearly population growth between 2000 and 2007 has been 1.3%, close to the regional average. Urban population growth has been faster with 2.2% per year on average. The vast majority of the population is ethnic

Kinh The Vietnamese people (, ) or the Kinh people (), also known as the Viet people or the Viets, are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day northern Vietnam and southern China who speak Vietnamese, the most widely spoken Austroa ...

. There are also minorities of

Cham Cham or CHAM may refer to: Ethnicities and languages *Chams, people in Vietnam and Cambodia **Cham language, the language of the Cham people ***Cham script *** Cham (Unicode block), a block of Unicode characters of the Cham script * Cham Albani ...

, E De, and Ba Na people. Significant minorities of Cham live in Đồng Xuân District and

Sơn Hòa District ''Toxicodendron succedaneum'', the wax tree, Japanese Hazenoki tree (Sumac or wax tree), sơn in Vietnamese or charão in Portuguese, is a flowering plant species in the genus '' Toxicodendron'' found in Asia, although it has been planted else ...

and

E De people E, or e, is the fifth letter and the second vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''e'' (pronounced ); plu ...

in Sông Hinh District and Sơn Hòa District.General Statistics Office (1996): Population Data of Sparsely Populated Areas in Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi Much smaller communities of Ba Na people also live in these three districts.

Ethnic groups

*Kinh: 812,830 *Tay: 2,349 *Thai: 298 *Hoa: 171 *Khmer: 59 *Muong: 231 *Nung: 2,283 *Mong: 192 *Dao: 1,031 *Gia Rai: 368 *Ngai: 2 *E De: 25,225 *Ba Na: 4,680 *Xo Dang: 4 *San Chay: 27 *Co Ho: 14 *Cham: 22,813 *San Diu: 50 *Hre: 164 *Mnong: 9 *Raglay: 50 *Xtieng: 9 *Bru Van Kieu: – *Tho: 44 *Giay: – *Co Tu: 1 *Gie Trieng: 3 *Ma: 1 *Kho Mu: 10 *Co: 1 *Ta Oi: 4 *Cho Ro: 7 *Khang: – *Xinh Mun: – *Ha Nhi: – *Chu Ru: 3 *Lao: 12 *La Chi: – *La Ha: – *Phu La: – *La Hu: – *Lu: – *Lo Lo: – *Chut: – *Mang: – *Pa Then: – *Co Lao: – *Cong: – *Bo Y: – *Si La: 1 *Pu Peo: – *Brau: – *O Du: – *Ro Mam: – *Nguoi Nuoc Ngoai: 6 *Khong Xac Dinh: 12

Economy

With a

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the total market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is often used to measure the economic performance o ...

per capita of 8.43 million VNDcalculations based on General Statistics Office (2009): ''Socio-economical Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities''. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi in 2007 and a relatively small industrial sector, Phú Yên is one of the less developed provinces of the

. Phú Yên has had a trade deficit. In 2007, it exported goods worth US$72.7 million while importing goods worth US$116.25 million, mainly fuel, raw materials, machinery, and medical goods.General Statistics Office (2009): Socio-economic Statistical Data of 63 Provinces and Cities, Vietnam. Statistical Publishing House, Hanoi Total employment was at 482,800 in 2007. The vast majority (361,400) are still employed in agriculture, forestry, and fishing. 45,600 people were employed in industry and construction and 75,800 in the service sector. Both industry and service have shown little employment growth between 2005 and 2007. Service employment has actually declined significantly since 2000.

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

The main agricultural regions of the province are the plains around

and the lowlands along the

. In 2007 the rice harvest was 321,800 t. It is the South Central Coast's largest producer of sugar-cane with a harvest of 1.051 million t (6% of Vietnam's total harvest). Cultivation of cotton and tobacco is also significant, with 800 t (5% of the national total) and 700 t (2.2%) respectively. Other crops include peanuts, cashew nuts, pepper, and coffee. Phú Yên has a relatively large fishing sector. Its

gross output In economics, gross output (GO) is a measure of the value of production of new goods and services during an accounting period. Gross output represents the total value of ''sales'' by producing enterprises (their gross revenue or turnover) in an ac ...

is the third largest in the South Central Coast after Khánh Hòa province and

Bình Định province Bình Định (平定) was a former northern coastal province in the South Central Coast region, the Central of Vietnam. It borders Quảng Ngãi to the north, Phú Yên to the south, Gia Lai to the west and the South China Sea to the ea ...

. Aquaculture, mostly shrimp farms, make up around one third of the fishing output, while using 2300 ha.

Industry

Phú Yên is one of the less industrialized provinces of the South Central Coast. Its industrial production is mostly based on the processing of local primary products such as fish, shrimp, cashew nuts and sugar. The province also produces mineral water, beer, garments, and cement. Industrial parks are located in the north of

and

, near

Qui Nhơn Quy Nhon ( ) is a coastal city in Bình Định province in central Vietnam. It is composed of 16 wards and five communes with a total of . Quy Nhon was the capital of the former Bình Định province. As of 2022 its population was 481.110. H ...

. The province is zoning and developing a large economic zone, namely the Nam Phú Yên Economic Zone in southern Đông Hòa District. Upon completion, it will become an oil-refining hub in Vietnam and potentially provide high profits for the province.

Infrastructure

Transport

National Route 1 as well as the

North–South Railway The North–South railway (German: ''Nord-Süd-Strecke'') is an amalgamation of several railway lines in Germany that came to significant importance in West Germany and are therefore commonly regarded as a single entity. During the division of ...

run through the province. Phú Yên's main railway station is

Tuy Hòa Railway Station Tuy or TUY may refer to: Places Burkina Faso *Tuy Province, in The Hauts-Bassins Region Iran * Tuy, Iran, a village in North Khorasan Province Philippines * Tuy, Batangas, a municipality in the Province of Batangas Spain *Tui, Pontevedra ...

. Smaller railway stations are located in Đồng Xuân District and Tuy An District north of

. National Road 25 connects Tuy Hòa to Chư Sê in

Gia Lai province Gia Lai is a northern mountainous Provinces of Vietnam, province in the Central Highlands (Vietnam), Central Highlands region, the Central Vietnam, Central of Vietnam. It borders Kon Tum province, Kon Tum in the north, Quảng Ngãi province, Qu ...

, mostly along the

.''Vietnam Road Atlas'' (Tập Bản đồ Giao thông Đường bộ Việt Nam). Cartographic Publishing House (Vietnam), 2004

Đông Tác Airport Tuy Hoa Airport is located just south of Tuy Hòa within the Phú Yên province, along the central coast of southern Vietnam. It was built in 1966 for the United States Air Force as Tuy Hoa Air Base. It was used by the U.S. Air Force (1966� ...

, a small domestic airport, is located south of

. The province has a port around 28 km south of Tuy Hòa, namely Vũng Rô Port ().

Energy

A hydropower plant is located in Sông Hinh District in the southwest of Phú Yên. It is built on the

Hinh River The Hinh River () is a river of Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making i ...

, a major tributary of the

and which created a lake of the same name (Sông Hinh Lake, meaning River Hinh Lake). Phú Yên produced 379.9 million kWh of electricity in 2007.

References

External links

Official website
of the Phú Yên province People's Committee {{DEFAULTSORT:Phu Yen Province Former provinces of Vietnam