Penafiel ( or ) is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

and former bishopric (now a Latin Catholic

titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...

) in the northern Portuguese district of Porto. Capital of the Tâmega Subregion, the population was 72,265 in 2011,Instituto Nacional de Estatística
/ref> in an area of .

History

The region was occupied since pre-history, as evidenced by the proliferation of

megalith A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. More than 35,000 megalithic structures have been identified across Europe, ranging geographically f ...

ic monuments, stone settlements and castros. This includes the

Menhir A menhir (; from Brittonic languages: ''maen'' or ''men'', "stone" and ''hir'' or ''hîr'', "long"), standing stone, orthostat, or lith is a large upright stone, emplaced in the ground by humans, typically dating from the European middle Br ...

of Luzim, a tall stone dating to an occupation of 3–4000 years B.C. Similarly, in the

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...

of Luzim, are the rock engravings that have existed for 3000 years. In addition, there are various rock forts ( castros), subject of archaeological studies, such as the archaeological "city of the dead" in Citânia de Monte Mozinho. One of the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, it was the precursor to the Galician organized community of ''Cividade Gallaeci''; the hill fort is dotted with traces of various cultures: Galician-Lusitanian, Roman, Visigoth and Moorish. There different legends that indicate the origins of the name ''Penafiel'', although the common thread associates it with the many forts situated in the locality. With the consolidation and incorporation into the Roman world, these hill forts were reorganized and moved down from the hilltops, dispersing into concentrated settlements in open areas and encircled by cultivated parcels, such as in Bouça do Ouro (Boelhe). The Roman spa town of São Vicente do Pinheiro was an example of these centres, developing around the natural resources in the region. In addition, vains of gold interspersed in the Schist and Quartzite quarries attracted Roman settlers from the empire, resulting in an intense artisanal economy, supported by the circulation of a single currency, culture and language. In the 9th century, activity became concentrated in the ''Civitas Anegia'' on the headwaters of the Tâmega and Douro, that dominated the lands along margins of those rivers. This civitas was the precursor of Penafiel de Canas, an area that assumed an import role, but occupied a smaller area and embryonic place that concentrated on agriculture and fishing. The lands were seats of the Romanesque ecclesiastical seigneurs of the Benedictine monasteries of Paço de Sousa and Bustelo. Supporting a rich cultural influence, Paço de Sousa boasted a magnificent Romanesque architecture and gave shelter to the historian Egas Moniz Ribadouro, schoolmaster of Afonso Henriques. Other noble houses of medieval period include Barbosa de Honor (Rans), with its tower overlooking agricultural lands, or the transformed tower of Coreixas (Irivo). Romanesque religious architecture proliferated during the post-Roman period; the Romanesque temple of Boelhe or Church of São Salvador da Gândara (venerating a deceased saint's skull) attracted pilgrims to the region, as did the Church of Abragão, the late-Gothic Church of São Miguel da Eja and the funerary memorial of Ermida (Irivo). During this time emerged a new reality: a fortified settlement that developed in the parish of Moazares, home of the Romanesque church of Santa Luzia (circled by sculpted tombs) was along the banks of the river, along the roadway from Porto and crossing the Sousa at the medieval bridge of Cepeda was an ideal local to build an urban community to specialize in services, artesnal commerce and sale of manufactured goods, supported by a medieval fair. The area was known as Arrifana de Sousa. Legend suggests that name came from the name ''Ariana'' (the daughter of Hermenegildo González and D. Mumadona Dias) who, following her father's death, inherited the land in the 10th century. At its founding, it was dominated by two castles: one along the northern bank of the Sousa river, called the ''Castle of Aguiar de Sousa'' and the second along the southern margin, called ''Pena''. The town was attacked several times by Moors, but, owing to its resistance was referred to in Latin as ''Pennafidelis'', shortened to the ''Castle of Penafiel''. By the 13th century, many of the plots of land were owned by Castile's ex-Queen Mafalda of Portugal. The civil parish of Arrifana de Sousa was established in the sixteenth century. In the same century, in 1519, King

Manuel I of Portugal Manuel I (; 31 May 146913 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manu ...

granted the region a

foral 200px, Foral of Castro Verde - Portugal The ''Carta de Foral'', or simply ''Foral'', was a royal document in Portugal and its former empire, whose purpose was to establish a ''concelho'' (Council) and regulate its administration, borders and priv ...

(''charter'') that raised the settlement to the status of village. Yet, its change would only occur in the reign of King D.

John V John V may refer to: * Patriarch John V of Alexandria or John the Merciful (died by 620), Patriarch of Alexandria from 606 to 616 * John V of Constantinople, Patriarch from 669 to 675 * Pope John V (685–686), Pope from 685 to his death in 686 ...

(by decree on 7 October 1741). The site was crossed by various roads, where João Correia, a rich

Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...

ense merchant with contracts in

Flanders Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...

established his home; he was a new Christian, who raised a

Manueline The Manueline (, ), occasionally known as Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese architectural style originating in the 16th century, during the Portuguese Renaissance and Age of Discoveries. Manueline architecture inco ...

chapel to the Holy Spirit (and who erected his bronze funerary tomb). As it grew, Arrifana assumed as

patron saint A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, fa ...

São Martinho (Marin), and in the middle of the 16th century, a new

Mannerist Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it ...

temple was constructed over the old chapel of João Correia. The lands continued as an administrative dependency of Porto, until King D.

John I John I may refer to: People Religious figures * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John I of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I of Alexandria, Coptic Pope from 496 to 505 * Pope John I, P ...

conceded it a privilege for supporting his cause. Arrifana de Sousa continued to grow as a centre of services and industry, supported by an annual fair on the feast day of São Martinho, resulting in the expansion of the urban environment to the upper elevations and the construction of the Church of the Misericórdia. Meanwhile, the nobles established their homes outside the town centre, preferring to live in their ancestral estates, established from the land rents and businesses and overseas commerce. By law, during the reign of King

Joseph Joseph is a common male name, derived from the Hebrew (). "Joseph" is used, along with " Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic count ...

(dated 3 March 1770), the place name was officially changed to Penafiel and the status of city conferred.

Ecclesiastical history

On 1 June 1770, by

papal bull A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by the pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden Seal (emblem), seal (''bulla (seal), bulla'') traditionally appended to authenticate it. History Papal ...

issued by Pope

Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV (; ; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in September 1774. At the time of his elec ...

, the Diocese of Penafiel was established, separating it from the ecclesiastical

Diocese of Porto The Diocese of Porto () (Oporto) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Portugal. It is a suffragan of the archdiocese of Braga. Its see at Porto is in the Norte region, and the second largest city in Portugal. History The dioc ...

, apparently as

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Catholic Church, a suffragan bishop leads a diocese within an ecclesiastical province other than the principal diocese, the metropolitan archdiocese; the diocese led ...

of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Braga. Rather than for pastoral reasons, the creation of the See was inspired by the wish of king's de facto reigning Prime Minister, the Marquess of Pombal, to punish the Bishop of Porto by depriving him of most of his diocese – the whole ''

comarca A ''comarca'' (, , , ) is a traditional region or local administrative division found in Portugal, Spain, and some of their former colonies, like Brazil, Nicaragua, and Panama. The term is derived from the term ''marca'', meaning a "march, mark ...

di Penafiel'' (administrative district), comprising 102 parishes, even some in (suburbs) of the great Porto port city. The Pope appointed the

Carmelite The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel (; abbreviated OCarm), known as the Carmelites or sometimes by synecdoche known simply as Carmel, is a mendicant order in the Catholic Church for both men and women. Histo ...

Friar Inácio de São Caetano (born 1718.07.31),

confessor In a number of Christian traditions, including Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism, a confessor is a priest who hears the confessions of penitents and pronounces absolution. History During the Diocletianic Persecut ...

of the future Queen

Maria I of Portugal '' Dona'' Maria I (Maria Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana; 17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816) also known as Maria the Pious in Portugal and Maria the Mad in Brazil, was Queen of Portugal from 24 February 1777 until her de ...

(then Princess of Brazil), as its first prelate. But he would never administer the Diocese (as he was in Brazil), and was eventually convinced by the Queen to give-up the bishopric, consoled with a nominal promotion as

Titular Archbishop A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese. By definition, a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop, the tradition of the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox an ...

Thessalonica Thessaloniki (; ), also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, Salonika, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece (with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area) and the capital city, capital of the geographic reg ...

(1778.12.14 – death 1788.11.29), while she successfully requested the Holy See to undo the See creation. On 11 November 1778, Pope

Pius VI Pope Pius VI (; born Count Angelo Onofrio Melchiorre Natale Giovanni Antonio called Giovanni Angelo or Giannangelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to hi ...

decided by

motu proprio In law, (Latin for 'on his own impulse') describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term for the same concept. In Catholic canon law, it refers to a document issued by the pope on h ...

to extinguish the diocese, incorporating its administration (once more) into the mother Diocese of Porto, which it remains part of. The Church of Our Lady of Mercy, which had been bombarded its cathedral, lost that status without being made co-cathedral.

Titular see

In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin

Titular bishopric A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbish ...

of Penafiel (Portuguese) / (Latin adjective). It has had the following incumbents, mostly of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, ''with an archiepiscopal exception : * Bernard Theodore Espelage,

Friars Minor The Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the Franciscans, the Franciscan Order, or the Seraphic Order; postnominal abbreviation OFM) is a mendicant Catholic religious order, founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi. The order adheres to the t ...

(O.F.M.) (1969.08.25 – death 1971.02.19) as emeritate, former Bishop of Gallup (USA) (1940.07.20 – retired 1969.08.25) * John Joseph Mulcahy (1974.12.28 – death 1994.04.26) as

Auxiliary Bishop An auxiliary bishop is a bishop assigned to assist the diocesan bishop in meeting the pastoral and administrative needs of the diocese. Auxiliary bishops can also be titular bishops of sees that no longer exist as territorial jurisdictions. ...

of Archdiocese of Boston (Massachusetts, USA) (1974.12.28 – retired 1992.07.21) and emeritate *

Francisco-Javier Lozano Sebastián Francisco-Javier Lozano Sebastián (born 28 November 1943) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church who has spent his career in the diplomatic service of the Holy See. He has been an archbishop since 1994 and held the title of Apostolic Nun ...

(1994.07.09 – ...) as papal diplomat :

Apostolic Nuncio An apostolic nuncio (; also known as a papal nuncio or simply as a nuncio) is an ecclesiastical diplomat, serving as an envoy or a permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or to an international organization. A nuncio is ...

(ambassador) to

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

(1994.07.09 – 1999.03.20), Apostolic Nuncio to

Democratic Republic of Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t ...

(1999.03.20 – 2001.12.15), Apostolic Nuncio to

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

(2003.08.04 – 2007.12.10), Apostolic Nuncio to

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

(2007.12.10 – 2015.12.05), Apostolic Nuncio to

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

(2007.12.10 – 2015.12.05).

Geography

Physical geography

The municipality extends within an area of , in a confluence of river valleys marked by the

Douro The Douro (, , , ; ; ) is the largest river of the Iberian Peninsula by discharge. It rises near Duruelo de la Sierra in the Spanish Soria Province, province of Soria, meanders briefly south, then flows generally west through the northern par ...

, Tâmega and Sousa Rivers, connecting the littoral region and the Transmontana zone. It is a landscape of deep valleys, with intense irrigated zones and pasturelands, with fields encircled by forests of pine and eucalyptus. This inter-fluvial region have granite soils and is rich in water resources, permitting intensive agriculture and extraction industries. The southwest extension of the municipality include a complex of

Schist Schist ( ) is a medium-grained metamorphic rock generally derived from fine-grained sedimentary rock, like shale. It shows pronounced ''schistosity'' (named for the rock). This means that the rock is composed of mineral grains easily seen with a l ...

and

Greywacke Greywacke or graywacke ( ) is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness (6–7 on Mohs scale), dark color, and Sorting (sediment), poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size Lith ...

geology, resulting in mountainous, uncultivated and largely forest lands. An intermediary zone, dividing the littoral and mountainous regions, the region was an important transitory point, with lines of communication extending along inter-regional, land and fluvial networks. The first example was the "royal roadways" that date to the medieval period, that connect Porto and the Trás-os-Montes, that resulted the development of the urban centre, that was a fulcrum in supporting transiting peoples and goods. The Douro was an important link and penetrated the interior, while the flanks of the Alto Douro were used to produce vineyards. The "Entre-os-Rios" district was also an important part in supporting travel along the interior.
Image904 CP Vista panoramica da cidade de Penafiel 1930

Image904 CP Vista panoramica da cidade de Penafiel 1930

Climate

Penafiel has a

Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...

(

Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...

: ''Csb'') with cool to mild, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers

Human geography

With 28

civil parishes In England, a civil parish is a type of Parish (administrative division), administrative parish used for Local government in England, local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishe ...

it includes a resident population of 72,000 inhabitants (approximately 338.4 people per kilometre square), integrated into the ''Associação de Municípios do Vale do Sousa'' (''Vale de Sousa Municipal Association'') and NUTSIII Tâmega Subregion. The region is settled, but in dispersed enclaves, supported by small industry and commerce, while newer residential homes juxtaposition older rural dwellings. These older homes are usually maintained by part-time farming families and seniors, perpetuated by intense migration and facilitated by their proximity to major roadways. The municipality is administered by the following civil parishes ('' freguesias''): * Abragão * Boelhe * Bustelo * Cabeça Santa * Canelas * Capela * Castelões * Croca * Duas Igrejas * Eja * Fonte Arcada * Galegos * Guilhufe e Urrô * Irivo * Lagares e Figueira * Luzim e Vila Cova * Oldrões * Paço de Sousa *

Penafiel Penafiel ( or ) is a Municipalities of Portugal, municipality and former bishopric (now a Latin Catholic titular see) in the Norte Region, Portugal, northern Portugal, Portuguese Porto District, district of Porto. Capital of the Tâmega Subregion ...

* Perozelo * Rans * Rio de Moinhos * Rio Mau * São Mamede de Recezinhos * São Martinho de Recezinhos * Sebolido * Termas de São Vicente * Valpedre The parishes are, largely, semi-industrialized, with a mixture of modern homes and rural dwellings in nature. Villages have houses made with small stones and granite, both of which are common in locality of Penafiel.

Economy

Extraction industries, civil construction firms and commerce employs a large number of workers, in addition to a strong concentration of service sector activities, confirmed by a Penafiel's central place in the regional economy. Penafiel invested in new schools and renovating others during the 20th century, maintaining several kindergartens, primary and secondary schools. The municipal council is responsible for maintaining several health centres, clinics and hospital, with Padre Américo Hospital situated in the parish of Guilhufe. The council has some train stations in their territory of buses throughout the country and a vast road system.

Tourism

Penafiel is the centre for therapeutic treatments and spas, highlighted by the São Vicente Spa and the Inatel Entre-os Rios Spa. The São Vicente is known for the characteristic quality of its waters: the spa is known for the hyper-mineralized waters, that include concentrated sulphurous and carbonaceous akline silicates and fluoridated water. It is considered the most alkaline among the sulphurous waters of Portugal and Europe, with temperatures of about , advocated for the treatment of respiratory diseases and musculo-skeletal system ailments. Magikland (formerly Bracalândia), one of the largest Portuguese theme parks, is located in Penafiel. Tourism is cyclical in the region, influence by the staggering of religious and secular activities, but marked by special events throughout the year, particularly around the religious feast of São Martinho. This includes the literary festival ''Escritaria'' and the agricultural fair ''Agrival'', which had its basis in the traditional medieval fairs.

Historical heritage

The region of Penafiel is known for a history dating to the pre-historic period, marked by dolmens, petroglyphs, necropoli and fortified settlements constructed of stone. But, over time and through the influence of various cultural groups (Romans, Visigoths, Moors) the area began to evolve into a modern centre, marked by the evolution in its architecture from rudimentary stone dolmens to signeurial manorhouses and monumental estates.

Archaeological

Castro Mozinho base romana by Henrique Matos 02

* Castro of Monte Mozinho () * Dolmen of Santa Marta ( * Menhir of Luzim () * Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Lomar () * Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Pegadinhas de São Gonçalo () * Prehistoric Rock-Art Site of Tapada das Eiras () * Tomb of Monte de São Roque ()

Civic architecture

* Aqueduct of the Monastery of Bustelo () * Asylum of Santo António dos Capuchos () * Bridge Duarte Pacheco () * Bridge of Espindo () * Bridge of Lardosa () * Bridge of Rans ( * Bridge of Santa Marta () * Bridge of Vau () * Estate of Cimo de Vila () * Estate of Abol () * Estate of Aveleda () * Estate of Boveira () * Estate of Casa Nova () * Estate of Companhia () * Estate of Curveira () * Estate of Fentão de Baixo () * Estate of Maragossa () * Estate of Mesão Fria () * Estate of Mogol () * Estate of Pena () * Estate of Perosinho () * Estate of Souto () * Estate of Ventuzela () * Fountain Armoriada () * Hospital Padre Américo Vale do Sousa () * Jailhouse of Penafiel () * Judicial Courts of Penafiel () * Manorhouse and Tower of Honra de Barbosa () * Municipal Palace/Hall of Penafiel () * Palace Hotel of Termas de São Vicente () * Penafiel Railway Station () * Pillory of Honra de Barbosa () * Pillory of Penafiel () * Residence of Cantoneiros () * Residence of Reboleira () * School of Novelas () * Thermal Spa of Quinta da Torre () * Thermal Spa of São Vicente () * Tower of Coreixas ()

Religious architecture

Mosteiro Pacos Sousa by Henrique Matos 02

* Chapel of the Divino Salvador () * Chapel of Lagares () * Chapel of Menino Jesus () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Ajuda () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Cividade () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Desterro () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Lurdes () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Monte e São Brás () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora de Paz () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora do Rosário () * Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Saude () * Chapel of the Sagrada Familia () * Chapel of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia () * Chapel of Santa Luzia () * Chapel of Santo António () * Chapel of São Bartolomeu () * Chapel of São Bartolomeu de Louredo () * Chapel of São Domingos () * Chapel of São João Baptista () * Chapel of São Julião () * Chapel of São Lourenço () * Chapel of São Mateus () * Chapel of São Pedro () * Chapel of São Roque () * Chapel of São Sebastião () * Chapel of São Simão () * Chapel of Senhor dos Aflitos () * Chapel of Senhor do Calvário () * Chapel of Senhor do Monte () * Chapel of the Thermals of Quinta da Torre () * Chapel of the Thermals of São Vicente () * Convent of Santo António dos Capuchos () * Chris the King of São Mamede de Recezinhos ( * Church of the Divino Salvador () * Church of Nossa Senhora de Fátima () * Church of Nossa Senhora da Saúde () * Church of Nossa Senhora da Visitação () * Church of Santo Adrião () * Church of Santo André () * Church of Santo Estêvão () * Church of Santa Maria () * Church of Santa Marinha () * Church of Santa Marta () * Church of Santiago () * Church of São João Baptista () * Church of São João Evangelista () * Church of São Mamede () * Church of São Mamede de Recezinhos () * Church of São Martinho () * Church of São Martinho de Recezinhos () * Church of São Martinho de Tours () * Church of São Miguel () * Church of São Paio () * Church of São Paulo () * Church of São Pedro () * Church of São Gens () * Church of São Salvador () * Church of São Tiago () * Church of São Tomé () * Church of São Vicente () * Church of Santa Casa da Misericórdia () * Hermitage Memorial () * Monastery of Bustelo () * Monastery of Paço de Sousa () * Niche of Nossa Senhora de Fátima da Igreja () * Niche of Nossa Senhora de Fátima de São Mamede () * Niche of Nossa Senhora de Fátima de Uchada () * Niche of São José () * Paroquial Residence of Abragão () * Paroquial Residence of São Martinho de Recezinhos () * Sanctuary of Senhor dos Remédios () * Sanctuary of Senhora da Piedade e Santos Passos () * Way of the Cross of Penafiel () * Way of the Cross of Senhor dos Passos () Penafiel began building its library in 1863. On 6 June 1917, a new Municipal Library of Penafiel was inaugurated, located on Avenue Araújo e Silva, which closed in October 1919, reopened to the public on 6 June 1927 and was transferred to a small lounge on Avenida Sacadura Cabral.

Sports

The most popular/practised sport within the municipality is

football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...

(soccer), leading hundreds of young people to the existing clubs. The largest club, F.C. Penafiel, was founded in 1951 and has regular presence on many levels of professional Portuguese seasons. During the 2014–2015 season, the club played in the Premier League after obtaining a rise from the previous season, finishing in 3rd place behind Moreirense (Champion) and FC Porto B. The club is also involved in other athletics activities winning several national and international competitions.

Notable people

* José do Telhado (1818–1875) a Portuguese bandit. * Vitorino Guimarães (1876–1957) an economist and politician & 91st

Prime Minister of Portugal The prime minister of Portugal (; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to Ass ...

in 1925 * Neno Vasco (1878–1920) a poet, lawyer, journalist, anarchist, writer and ardent

revolutionary syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade uni ...

* António Ferreira Gomes (1906–1989) a Portuguese Roman Catholic bishop * António Barbosa de Melo (1932–2016) a Portuguese lawyer, politician and parliamentarian * Rosário Gambôa (born 1956) a Portuguese academic and politician. * Vitorino Silva (born 1971) known as ''Tino de Rans'', a pavement-maker, TV personality and politician.

Sport

* António Oliveira (born 1952) a retired footballer with 306 club caps and 24 for

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

. * José Coelho (born 1961) a retired footballer with 407 club caps and 8 for

. * Agostinho Caetano (born 1966) a retired footballer with 320 club caps and 2 for

. * Fernanda Ribeiro (born 1969) a long-distance runner, gold medallist in the women's 10,000m at the

1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, also known as Atlanta 1996 and commonly referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games) were an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, ...

* Abel Ferreira (born 1978) a former footballer and current coach of Palmeiras * Hélder Ferreira (born 1980) a retired footballer with 320 club caps * José Fonte (born 1983) a footballer with over 600 club caps and 49 for

. * Pedro Moreira (born 1983) a former footballer with 378 club caps. *

Nuno Morais Nuno Miguel Barbosa Morais (born 29 January 1984) is a Portuguese former professional Association football, footballer. Mainly a Midfielder#Defensive midfielder, defensive midfielder, he could also appear as a Defender (association football)#Ce ...

(born 1984) a former footballer with 417 club caps. * Vítor Silva (born 1984) a footballer with over 330 club caps.

References

Sources and external links

GCatholic - former & titular bishopric

Photos from Penafiel

{{Authority control Cities in Portugal Municipalities of Porto District nl:Penafiel