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The Peba–Yaguan language family (also Yaguan, Peban, Yáwan) is located in the northwestern
Amazon Amazon most often refers to: * Amazon River, in South America * Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin * Amazon (company), an American multinational technology company * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek myth ...
, but today Yagua is the only remaining spoken language of the family.


Internal structure

French ethnologist Paul Rivet had suggested that the Peba–Yaguan family had been divided into two branches, with Yameo in one branch, and Peba and Yagua in the other. There is extremely little documentation of Yameo and Peba, both of which are now extinct, though the town Pebas on the Amazon River clearly takes its name from this group of people. The available documentation is largely due to the efforts of early Catholic missionaries, as summarized by Rivet.
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(1968), a Czechoslovak linguist, also lists Masamae (Mazán, Parara) as part of the language family. It is spoken around the Mazán River in Loreto Department, Peru, and is most closely related to Yameo. Brazilian linguist Marcelo Jolkesky (2016) groups Peba and Yameo in one branch, and Yagua in another separate branch.Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016.
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.


Classification

There is no sound scientific evidence yet that the Peba–Yaguan family is related to any other family or stock of South America (in particular, there is no evidence for grouping it with
Cariban languages The Cariban languages are a family of languages Indigenous to north-eastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes, and they are also spoken in small poc ...
). There has likely been contact between the Yaguas and Bora–Witotoan peoples, perhaps particularly during the era of the rubber-trade; this may account for some structural similarities between the languages ( Doris Payne, linguist, forthcoming). Kaufman (2007) includes Sabela, Taushiro, and Omurano in his Yawan family.


Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kwaza, Zaparoan, and Nambikwaran language families due to contact.


Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. :


Further reading

*Powlison, P. (1995). Diccionario Yagua - Castellano. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 35). Lima: Ministerio de Educación and Summer Institute of Linguistics.


References

* Payne, Doris L. forthcoming. ''Source of the Yagua classifier system''.
Catholic Encyclopedia article
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peba-Yaguan languages Language families