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Peba–Yaguan Languages
The Peba–Yaguan language family (also Yaguan, Peban, Yáwan) is located in the northwestern Amazon, but today Yagua is the only remaining spoken language of the family. Internal structure French ethnologist Paul Rivet had suggested that the Peba–Yaguan family had been divided into two branches, with Yameo in one branch, and Peba and Yagua in the other. There is extremely little documentation of Yameo and Peba, both of which are now extinct, though the town Pebas on the Amazon River clearly takes its name from this group of people. The available documentation is largely due to the efforts of early Catholic missionaries, as summarized by Rivet. Čestmír Loukotka (1968), a Czechoslovak linguist, also lists Masamae (Mazán, Parara) as part of the language family. It is spoken around the Mazán River in Loreto Department, Peru, and is most closely related to Yameo. Brazilian linguist Marcelo Jolkesky (2016) groups Peba and Yameo in one branch, and Yagua in another ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saparo–Yawan Languages
Saparo–Yawan (Zaparo–Yaguan, Zaparo–Peba) is a language family proposal uniting two small language families of the western Amazon. It was first proposed by Swadesh (1954), and continues through Payne (1984) and Kaufman (1994).Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), ''Atlas of the world's languages'' (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge. Links There are also four language isolates and otherwise unclassified languages which have been indirectly linked to Saparo–Yawan, and for convenience they are included here. Tovar (1984) proposed a connection between Zaparoan and the otherwise unclassified Taushiro; Stark (1985) and Gordon (2005) see a connection with the extinct Omurano language. The extinct Awishiri and the Candoshi isolate have lexical similarities with Taushiro, Omurano, and each other; however, the four languages also have lexical similarities with Zaparoan, Jivaroan, and Arawakan. These six languages a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cariban Languages
The Cariban languages are a family of languages Indigenous to north-eastern South America. They are widespread across northernmost South America, from the mouth of the Amazon River to the Colombian Andes, and they are also spoken in small pockets of central Brazil. The languages of the Cariban family are relatively closely related. There are about three dozen, but most are spoken only by a few hundred people. Macushi is the only language among them with numerous speakers, estimated at 30,000. The Cariban family is well known among linguists partly because one language in the family— Hixkaryana—has a default word order of object–verb–subject. Prior to their discovery of this, linguists believed that this order did not exist in any spoken natural language. In the 16th century, Cariban peoples expanded into the Lesser Antilles. There they killed or displaced, and also mixed with the Arawak peoples who already inhabited the islands. The resulting language— Kalhíphona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiktionary
Wiktionary (, ; , ; rhyming with "dictionary") is a multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary of terms (including words, phrases, proverbs, linguistic reconstructions, etc.) in all natural languages and in a number of artificial languages. These entries may contain definitions, images for illustration, pronunciations, etymologies, inflections, usage examples, quotations, related terms, and translations of terms into other languages, among other features. It is collaboratively edited via a wiki. Its name is a portmanteau of the words ''wiki'' and ''dictionary''. It is available in languages and in Simple English. Like its sister project Wikipedia, Wiktionary is run by the Wikimedia Foundation, and is written collaboratively by volunteers, dubbed "Wiktionarians". Its wiki software, MediaWiki, allows almost anyone with access to the website to create and edit entries. Because Wiktionary is not limited by print space considerations, most of Wiktiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nambikwaran Languages
The Nambikwaran languages are a language family of half a dozen languages, all spoken in the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. They have traditionally been considered dialects of a single language, but at least three of them are mutually unintelligible. * Mamaindê language, Mamaindê (250-340) * Nambikwara language, Nambikwara (720) * Sabanê language, Sabanê (3) The varieties of Mamaindê are often seen as dialects of a single language but are treated as separate Northern Nambikwaran languages by ''Ethnologue''. Sabanê is a single speech community and thus has no dialects, while the Nambikwara language has been described as having eleven. The total number of speakers is estimated to be about 1,000, with Nambikwara proper being 80% of that number.Nambiquaran languages Ethnologue. Retrieved on 2012-07-29. Most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaparoan Languages
Zaparoan (also Sáparoan, Záparo, Zaparoano, Zaparoana) is an endangered language family of Peru and Ecuador with fewer than 100 speakers. Zaparoan speakers seem to have been very numerous before the arrival of the Europeans. However, their groups have been decimated by imported diseases and warfare, and only a handful of them have survived. Languages There were 39 Zaparoan-speaking tribes at the beginning of the 20th century, every one of them presumably using its own distinctive language or dialect. Most of them have become extinct before being recorded, however, and we have information only about nine of them. * Zaparoan ** Zaparo group *** Záparo–Conambo **** Záparo (5 speakers left) **** Conambo *** Arabela–Andoa **** Arabela (50 speakers) **** Andoa ** Iquito–Cahuarano *** Iquito (35 speakers) *** Cahuarano ** Unclassified *** Aushiri *** ? Omurano Aushiri and Omurano are included by Stark (1985). Aushiri is generally accepted as Zaparoan, but Omura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwaza Language
Kwaza (also written as Kwazá or Koaiá, ) is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by 25 of the Kwaza people of Brazil. Kwaza is an unclassified language. It has grammatical similarities with neighboring Aikanã and Kanoê, but it is not yet clear if that is due to a genealogical relationship or to contact. Kwaza people Little is known about Kwaza people and language due to the minimal historical sources available; if mentioned in reliable documents, it is usually in reference to its neighbors. What is known, is that the Kwaza people were at one point a nation of a few thousand people, which could be subdivided into various groups. Interactions Neighbors and invaders The Kwaza people neighbored the Mekens/Sakurabiat, the Tupari, Aikanã and the Kanoê, both with unclassified languages, the Salamai of the Monde language family, and various others, several of which have gone extinct. Despite all the contact that the Kwaza people may have had with other indigenou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omurano Language
Omurano is a language isolate from Peru. It is also known as Humurana, Roamaina, Numurana, Umurano, and Mayna. The language was presumed to have become extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ... by 1958, but in 2011 a rememberer was found who knew some 20 words in Omurano; he claimed that there were still people who could speak it. The community has otherwise switched to Urarina, another language isolate. It was spoken near the Urituyacu River (a tributary of the Marañón River), or on the Nucuray River according to Loukotka (1968). Classification Tovar (1961) linked Omurano to Taushiro (and later Taushiro with Kandoshi); Kaufman (1994) finds the links reasonable, and in 2007 he classified Omurano and Taushiro (but not Kandoshi) as Saparo–Yawan languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taushiro Language
Taushiro, also known as Pinche or Pinchi, is a nearly extinct possible language isolate of the Peruvian Amazon near Ecuador. In 2000 SIL counted one speaker in an ethnic population of 20. Documentation was done in the mid-1970s by Neftalí Alicea. The last living speaker of Taushiro, Amadeo García García, was profiled in ''The New York Times'' in 2017. The first glossary of Taushiro contained 200 words and was collected by Daniel Velie in 1971. Classification Following Tovar (1961), Loukotka (1968), and Tovar (1984), Kaufman (1994) notes that while Taushiro has been linked to the Zaparoan languages, it shares greater lexical correspondences with Kandoshi and especially with Omurano. In 2007 he classified Taushiro and Omurano (but not Kandoshi) as Saparo–Yawan languages. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Tequiraca and Leco. Grammar Word order in Taushiro is Verb–subject–object.Alicea, Neftalí. 1975. ''Análisis preliminar de l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huaorani Language
The Waorani (''Huaorani'') language, commonly known as Sabela (also ''Wao, Huao, Auishiri, Aushiri, Ssabela'' ; autonym: Wao Terero; pejorative: ''Auka, Auca'') is a vulnerable language isolate spoken by the Waorani people, an indigenous group living in the Amazon rainforest between the Napo and Curaray Rivers in Ecuador. A small number of speakers with so-called uncontacted groups may live in Peru. Classification Sabela is not known to be related to any other language. However, it forms part of Terrence Kaufman's Yawan proposal. Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with Yaruro. Geographical distribution Waorani is primarily spoken in Waorani Ethnic Reserve, which is the largest indigenous reserve in Ecuador. Other areas where it is spoken include Pastaza and Napo provinces (including the towns of Puyo and Coca), Yasuní National Park, and the Taromenani Tagaeri Intangible Zone. Waorani is considered endangered due to growing bilingualism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doris L
Doris may refer to: People and fictional characters * Doris (given name), including a list of women, men and fictional characters * Doris (surname), a list of people * Doris (singer), stage name of Swedish rock and pop singer Doris Svensson (1947–2023) * DORIS, stage name of Frank Dorrey (born ), American visual artist and rapper Animals * ''Doris'' (gastropod), a genus of marine gastropod molluscs in the family Dorididae * '' Apantesis doris'', the Doris tiger moth, a moth of the family Erebidae * '' Heliconius doris'', the Doris butterfly of Central and South America * Orange-peel doris, a nudibranch (slug) Places * Doris (Asia Minor), a region of Asia Minor inhabited by Dorians * Doris (Greece), a region in central Greece in which the Dorians had their traditional homeland * Doris, Iowa, United States * Doris Cove, South Shetland Islands Film and television * ''Doris'' (TV series), a British animated children's television series * Doris, or DOR-15, a robotic b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
