Parelheiros is one of 96 districts of the city of

São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...

. Located in the

subprefecture of Parelheiros The Subprefecture of Parelheiros is one of 32 subprefectures of the city of São Paulo, Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependenci ...

in the extreme south of the city, it is one of the largest and most rural districts. Very little of this area is inhabited, and is covered with reserves of the Atlantic Forest. In Parelheiros there are also two indigenous villages of a Guaraní subgroup with about one thousand residents. The region also received many German immigrants in the beginning of 1800. The inhabitants of the place have the lowest purchasing power of the city. The district is poorly served by public transport and roads; there is little connection to the central districts of the city. The Parelheiros district covers 153 km², the second largest in the city after neighboring Marsilac. The area consists largely of protected springs, wetlands, and Atlantic Forest. It includes parts of the

drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...

s of the Guarapiranga and Billings

Reservoirs A reservoir (; ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam, usually built to store fresh water, often doubling for hydroelectric power generation. Reservoirs are created by controlling a watercourse that drains an existing body of water, interrup ...

, which supply approximately 30% of the population of

Greater São Paulo Greater São Paulo () is a nonspecific term for one of the multiple definitions of the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil. Metropolitan Area A legally defined specific term, ''Região Metropolitana de São Paulo' ...

with electricity. The 4.4 km diameter Colônia crater is a geologic feature in the area, believed to have been created by a meteorite many millions of years ago. The area of the crater has been protected by the State Secretary of Culture since 2003. Originally inhabited by Tupi Indians, in the 20th century a Guaraní subgroup established itself there and today there are two villages of the Guaranís—Aldeia Krukutu and Morro da Saudade. In January 2015, the city of São Paulo estimated that more than 40,000 people live in the Vargem Grande neighborhood, located inside the Colônia crater. Vargem Grande began with a land purchase in 1986 by a group representing 3000 people who lived in

favela Favela () is an umbrella name for several types of impoverished neighborhoods in Brazil. The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was b ...

s in nearby neighborhood of Grajaú. In spite of the restrictions imposed by the environmental legislation, the area faces problems associated with urbanization, including irregular housing,

deforestation Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. Ab ...

, real estate development, and

water pollution Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of Body of water, water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and ...

History

In the region of Parelheiros, there were already some

caboclo A caboclo () is a person of mixed Indigenous Brazilian and European ancestry, or, less commonly, a culturally assimilated or detribalized person of full Amerindian descent. In Brazil, a ''caboclo'' generally refers to this specific type of ' ...

s before the arrival of the

Germans Germans (, ) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, constitution of Germany, imple ...

(1829). The place received its current name because of the diverse horse-riding races (parelhas, in Portuguese) between the Germans and the

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

ians. Before it was known as ''Santa Cruz'' (Saint Cross), due to the installation of a cross, done by a devotee called Amaro de Pontes. Parelheiros stands out in relation to the Paulista Colony because a road opened in the 19th century, by Henrique Schunck (German), father of the founder of Cipó (nowadays district of Embu-Guaçu). The street of Parelheiros, nowadays Avenida Sadamu Inoue, connected the villages Embu-Guaçu and São José, where you could leave for the districts Rio Bonito and Santo Amaro, preventing, like this, the passage by the Colony, where there was the oldest road of Conceição. In the middle of the 20th century, principally after

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, diverse Japanese people disembarked in Port of Santos. Most of them stayed in the so-called ''Cinturão Verde Metropolitano de São Paulo'' (Green Metropolitan Belt of São Paulo). The neighborhoods of Jaceguava and Casa Grande – that are part of the

Subprefecture A subprefecture is an administrative division of a country that is below prefecture or province. Albania There are twelve Counties of Albania, Albanian counties or prefectures, each of which is divided into several Districts of Albania, district ...

of Parelheiros – were being occupied by Japanese families, where they would dedicate to agricultural labor. Searching for a cheap accommodation, a very numerous population chose the springs of Santo Amaro to reside. With the possibility of finding lower renting costs or even owning a house, many lots surged, but not without sacrifice. Many of the lots were irregular, due to the publication of the Protection to the Springs law in 1976. The lack of large spaces in urban areas led to getting into the lands of the caipiras of Santo Amaro, of a soil exhausted by rudimentary houses. Letting their territories was the best way to get away from the problems, for the increase of taxes territories began making the big properties more expensive. The solution was to divide the country houses and farms into lots, giving place to the emergence of towns, gardens, and parks leaving that the interests of the real estate speculation determined the location of home of the hard-working population, increasing, in the delimitation of the urban plan, the disorder in the use of the soil.

Demographic profile

Research by the Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados (State Data Analysis System Foundation) indicated that the young population of this subprefecture is the largest in São Paulo. In

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...

, the risk of a man between the ages of 15 and 24 dying was 21 times higher in Parelheiros than in Pinheiros. It is classified by CRECI as "Value E Zone", as are other districts of the capital: Campo Limpo, Brasilândia and Itaim Paulista.

Demographic evolution of the Parelheiros district Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.5,0.5,0.7) ImageSize = width:350px height:250px PlotArea = left:20 bottom:13 top:20 right:20 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:160000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2022 text:2022 PlotData= color:barra width:19 align:left bar:1950 from:0 till: 550 bar:1960 from:0 till: 2006 bar:1970 from:0 till: 11646 bar:1980 from:0 till: 31711 bar:1991 from:0 till: 55594 bar:2000 from:0 till: 102836 bar:2010 from:0 till: 131183 bar:2022 from:0 till: 153695 PlotData= bar:1950 at: 550 fontsize:S text: 550 shift:(-10,5) bar:1960 at: 2006 fontsize:S text: 2.006 shift:(-10,5) bar:1970 at: 11646 fontsize:S text: 11.646 shift:(-10,5) bar:1980 at: 31711 fontsize:S text: 31.711 shift:(-10,5) bar:1991 at: 55594 fontsize:S text: 55.594 shift:(-10,5) bar:2000 at: 102836 fontsize:S text: 102.836 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 131183 fontsize:S text: 131.183 shift:(-10,5) bar:2022 at: 153695 fontsize:S text: 153.695 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:

Neighborhoods of Parelheiros

References

External links

Roman Catholic Diocese of Santo Amaro

Parelheiros News

Sheet of My Sampa

Grajaú News
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parelheiros (district of Sao Paulo) Districts of São Paulo

History

Demographic profile

Neighborhoods of Parelheiros

See also

References

External links