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Nikopol (, ) is a
city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...
and
municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...
(
hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...
) in
Nikopol Raion Nikopol Raion () is a raions of Ukraine, raion (district) of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Nikopol, Ukraine, Nikopol. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the nu ...
in the south of
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
, on the right bank of the
Dnieper River The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
, about 63 km south-east of
Kryvyi Rih Kryvyi Rih ( ; , ), also known as Krivoy Rog ( ), is a city in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kryvyi Rih Raion and its subordinate Kryvyi Rih urban hromada in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The city is part of the Kryvyi Rih Metropo ...
and 48 km south-west of
Zaporizhzhia Zaporizhzhia, formerly known as Aleksandrovsk or Oleksandrivsk until 1921, is a city in southeast Ukraine, situated on the banks of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. It is the Capital city, administrative centre of Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Zaporizhzhia ...
. Population: Nikopol is the fourth-most populous city in
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) in simultaneously southern, eastern and central Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. It was created on February 27, 1932. Dnipropetro ...
. Located on a cape by the
Kakhovka reservoir The Kakhovka Reservoir () was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade. The dam was breac ...
, it is a powerful industrial city with several pipe-producing factories, such as the
Interpipe Interpipe Group, or simply Interpipe, is a Ukrainian industrial company, a global producer of steel pipes and railway wheels. Interpipe headquarters and production facilities are located in Nikopol, Ukraine. The network of sales offices covers ...
corporation, and steel rolling mills, such as the
factory A factory, manufacturing plant or production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. Th ...
of
ferroalloy Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualitie ...
s, constituting Nikopol metropolitan area. Formerly, the settlement served as one of the
capital cities A capital city, or just capital, is the municipality holding primary status in a country, state, province, department, or other subnational division, usually as its seat of the government. A capital is typically a city that physically encomp ...
of the
Zaporizhian Sich The Zaporozhian Sich (, , ; also ) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Zaporozhian Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries, for the latter part of that period as an autonomous stratocratic state within the Cossa ...
and was known as one of the main crossings over the Dnieper.


General information

Renamed by the Russian Empire into Slaviansk and
later Later may refer to: * Future The future is the time after the past and present. Its arrival is considered inevitable due to the existence of time and the laws of physics. Due to the apparent nature of reality and the unavoidability of the futur ...
Nikopol (after ), the city has a rich preceding history. Between 1638 and 1652, it was the settlement of Mykytyn Rih (, literally ''Mykyta's bend'' or ''Mykyta's horn''), the capital of the
Zaporizhian Sich The Zaporozhian Sich (, , ; also ) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Zaporozhian Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries, for the latter part of that period as an autonomous stratocratic state within the Cossa ...
. It was one of the main crossings over the Dnieper, located on the shore of the Great Meadow. The 1911 edition of
Encyclopedia Britannica An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into article (publishing), articles or entries that are arranged Alp ...
gave the following description of Nikopol: "It was formerly called Nikitin Rog, and occupies an elongated peninsula between two arms of the Dnieper at a point where its banks are low and marshy, and has been for centuries one of the places where the middle Dnieper can most conveniently be crossed." In 1900, its 21,282 inhabitants were
Ukrainians Ukrainians (, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. Their native tongue is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, forming the List of contemporary eth ...
,
Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
and
Mennonites Mennonites are a group of Anabaptism, Anabaptist Christianity, Christian communities tracing their roots to the epoch of the Radical Reformation. The name ''Mennonites'' is derived from the cleric Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland, part of ...
, who carry on agriculture and shipbuilding. The old
Sich A sich (), was an administrative and military centre of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. The word ''sich'' derives from the Ukrainian verb , "to chop" – with the implication of clearing a forest for an encampment or of building a fortification with t ...
, or fortified camp of the
Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks (in Latin ''Cossacorum Zaporoviensis''), also known as the Zaporozhian Cossack Army or the Zaporozhian Host (), were Cossacks who lived beyond (that is, downstream from) the Dnieper Rapids. Along with Registered Cossa ...
, brilliantly described in N. V. Gogol's novel
Taras Bulba ''Taras Bulba'' (; ) is a romanticized historical novella set in the first half of the 17th century, written by Nikolai Gogol (1809–1852). It features elderly Zaporozhian Cossack Taras Bulba and his sons Andriy and Ostap. The sons study at th ...
(1834) was situated a little higher up the river. Several graves in the vicinity recall the battles fought to possess this important strategic point. One of the graves, close to the town, contained, along with other
Scythia Scythia (, ) or Scythica (, ) was a geographic region defined in the ancient Graeco-Roman world that encompassed the Pontic steppe. It was inhabited by Scythians, an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people. Etymology The names ...
n antiquities, a well-known precious vase representing the capture of wild horses. Even now Nikopol, which is situated on the highway from Dnipro to
Kherson Kherson (Ukrainian language, Ukrainian and , , ) is a port city in southern Ukraine that serves as the administrative centre of Kherson Oblast. Located by the Black Sea and on the Dnieper, Dnieper River, Kherson is the home to a major ship-bui ...
, is the point where the "salt-highway" of the
Chumaks Chumak () was a historical and traditional wagon-based trading occupation in Ukraine in the late Medieval and early Modern periods of history.Proskurova, S. Chumak-occupation (ЧУМАЦТВО)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2013 It invol ...
(Ukrainian salt-carriers) to the
Crimea Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
crossed the Dnipro. Nikopol is, further, one of the chief places on the lower Dnieper for the export of corn, linseed, hemp, and wool.


History


Archaeological excavations

According to archaeological excavations, the city's area was populated as early as the
Neolithic epoch The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide- ...
in the 4th millennium BCENikopol (Нікополь)
The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR ''The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR'' () is a Ukrainian encyclopedia, published in 26 volumes. It provides knowledge about the history of all populated places in Ukraine. It was approved by the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1 ...
.
as evidenced by remnants of a settlement discovered on banks of . In burial mounds from the copper-bronze epoch of the 3rd-1st millenniums
BCE Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the o ...
were found stone and bronze tools, clay sharp-bottomed ornamental dishes. Also found were burials from the Scythian-Sarmatian period, between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.


Mykytyn Rih / Mykytyn Sich

At the beginning of the 16th century, in the location of modern Nikopol, appeared a river crossing over the
Dnieper The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
controlled by
Cossacks The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borde ...
, called Mykytyn Rih. According to a folk legend, a Cossack named Mykyta Tsyhan established it. Under the same name, the crossing is mentioned in the diary of the
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...
envoy
Erich Lassota von Steblau Erich Lassota von Steblau ( 1550/55 – 1616) was a diplomat and military officer from Silesia. Born in an aristocratic family, he studied at the University of Padua before joining the War of the Portuguese Succession on the side of King Philip I ...
, who visited the
Zaporizhian Sich The Zaporozhian Sich (, , ; also ) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Zaporozhian Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries, for the latter part of that period as an autonomous stratocratic state within the Cossa ...
in 1594. In 1638-1639, Cossacks led by F. Linchai built a fort which was named Mykytyn Sich ().Shcherbak, V.
Mykytyn Sich (МИКИТИНСЬКА СІЧ)
'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2009
In 1652, due to conflict with the
Hetman of Zaporizhian Host The Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host (, ) was the head of state of the Cossack Hetmanate. The office was abolished by the Russian government in 1764. Brief history The position was established by Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Cossack Hetmanate in ...
,
Kosh Otaman Kosh may refer to: Ukrainian culture * Kosh otaman (16–18th centuries), an officer of the Zaporozhian Host * Kosh or Kish, a military society of Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks (in Latin ''Cossacorum Zaporoviensis''), also kn ...
Fedir Liutay moved the administrative seat to
Chortomlyk Chortomlyk (; ) is a rural settlement in Nikopol Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It is located on the right bank of the Dnieper (Kakhovka Reservoir), south of Pokrov and west of Nikopol. Chortomlyk belongs to Pokrov urban hromada, one of ...
. By 1648, in the proximity of today's Nikopol, Mykytyn Sich was built. It is renowned for the location of
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Zynoviy Bohdan Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky of the Abdank coat of arms (Ruthenian language, Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern , Polish language, Polish: ; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobility, Ruthenian noble ...
being elected as the Hetman of Ukraine and as where the
Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising, also known as the Cossack–Polish War, Khmelnytsky insurrection, or the National Liberation War, was a Cossack uprisings, Cossack rebellion that took place between 1648 and 1657 in the eastern territories of the Poli ...
against the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...
started. Until 1775, the time of the Sich sacking, it was called "Mykytyn Rih", "Mykytyn Pereviz", or simply "Mykytyne". The name ''rih'' (Ukrainian for horn) was given because the locality rose at a place reminiscing a peninsula, as it was almost surrounded by the
Dnieper river The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...
(see
Kryvyi Rih Kryvyi Rih ( ; , ), also known as Krivoy Rog ( ), is a city in central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Kryvyi Rih Raion and its subordinate Kryvyi Rih urban hromada in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The city is part of the Kryvyi Rih Metropo ...
). Mykytyne was a town of the Kodak Palanka, an administrative division of the
Zaporizhian Sich The Zaporozhian Sich (, , ; also ) was a semi-autonomous polity and proto-state of Zaporozhian Cossacks that existed between the 16th to 18th centuries, for the latter part of that period as an autonomous stratocratic state within the Cossa ...
. Later, it was renamed into Slovianske and then Nikopol.


Sloviansk / Nikopol

In the 18th century, Grigoriy Potyomkin ordered the building of an Imperial Russian fortress at Slaviansk. Eventually, the project was scrapped. Soon after the
liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich The liquidation of the Zaporozhian Host (''Sich'') in 1775 was the forcible destruction by Russian troops of the Cossack formation, the Nova (Pidpilnenska) Sich, and the final liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich as a semi-autonomous Cossack pol ...
in 1782, the settlement was renamed Nikopol. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, Nikopol was occupied by the
German Army The German Army (, 'army') is the land component of the armed forces of Federal Republic of Germany, Germany. The present-day German Army was founded in 1955 as part of the newly formed West German together with the German Navy, ''Marine'' (G ...
until 18 February 1944.
Albert Speer Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (; ; 19 March 1905 – 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of W ...
referred to it as the "center of
manganese Manganese is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. It is a transition m ...
mining", and, therefore, of vital importance to the German war effort. The Soviet policy of industrialization created the
Kakhovka Reservoir The Kakhovka Reservoir () was a water reservoir on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. It was created in 1956 by construction of the Kakhovka Dam at Nova Kakhovka. It was one of several reservoirs in the Dnieper reservoir cascade. The dam was breac ...
which existed from 1956 to 2023, submerging what could be now the most sacred place of an early distinctly Ukrainian statehood: the lands of the former
Zaporizhian Host The Zaporozhian Host (), or Zaporozhian Sich () is a term for a military force inhabiting or originating from Zaporizhzhia, the territory in what is Southern and Central Ukraine today, beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, from the 15th to the ...
, with their burial sites. Until July 2020, Nikopol was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Nikopol Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to seven, the city of Nikopol was merged into Nikopol Raion. Just a few kilometres west of the city, the
Kosh otaman Kosh may refer to: Ukrainian culture * Kosh otaman (16–18th centuries), an officer of the Zaporozhian Host * Kosh or Kish, a military society of Zaporozhian Cossacks The Zaporozhian Cossacks (in Latin ''Cossacorum Zaporoviensis''), also kn ...
Ivan Sirko Ivan Dmytrovych Sirko ( – August 11, 1680) was a Zaporozhian Cossack military leader, Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Host and putative co-author of the famous semi-legendary Cossack letter to the Ottoman sultan that inspired the major p ...
is buried. Nikopol is one of the largest towns in the region, with a population of 105,160 in 2022. The largest manufacturers include the former Nikopol Tube Plant, established in 1931, which is now divided into smaller plants (e.g. Centravis, Interpipe Niko Tube). The Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant is the largest in Europe and the second largest in the world in the production of Ferromanganese (FeMn) and Ferrosilicomanganese (FeSiMn).


Geography


Climate


Demographics

As of the
2001 Ukrainian census The 2001 Ukrainian census is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine. It was conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989.Ukrainians Ukrainians (, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. Their native tongue is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, forming the List of contemporary eth ...
.
Russians Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...
account for a quarter of the city's population, smaller Minorities are
Belarusians Belarusians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian language, Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99&n ...
,
Germans Germans (, ) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, constitution of Germany, imple ...
and
Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
. In terms of spoken languages, almost 60% of the population considers Ukrainian to be their first language, while roughly 40% considered
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
as their native language. The exact ethnic and linguistic composition was:


Transport links

There is bus station, railway station and river port, which connect the town with other cities.
Nikopol River Port Nikopol River Port is an enterprise in the field of river transport. It is located on the Dnieper in Nikopol, Ukraine, Nikopol. The nearest ports are Zaporizhzhia River Port - 84 km up the Dnieper and Novokakhovka River Port which is 110  ...
facilitates transportation for the metallurgical industry and travel.


Culture


Sports

*
FC Nikopol FC Nikopol was a Ukrainian football club from the city of Nikopol, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Nikopol, Dnipropetrovsk oblast and Makiivka, Donetsk Oblast before 2015. Another FC Nikopol has existed in Nikopol prior to relocation of FC Makiivvuhillya. ...
*
FC Metalurh Nikopol FC Elektrometalurh-NZF Nikopol (also referred as ''FC Elektrometalurg-NZF Nikopol '') is an amateur Ukrainian football club. The club is based in Nikopol, Ukraine and sponsored by the Nikopol Ferroalloy Plant (NZF). Brief history Metalurh→Trub ...


Gallery

File:Nikopol'_K.Libknehta 113a_Spasopreobrazhens'ka Tserkva 03 (YDS_7544).jpg, Transfiguration church File:Nikopol' Shevchenka 6 Staroobryadova Tserkva 02 (YDS 4914).jpg, Old Old Believers' Church File:Церква Різдва Богородиці в Сулицькому (мур.) 2.JPG, Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary File:Набережная Никополя.jpg, Nikopol quay File:Монумент в честь богини Ники.jpg, Monument to goddess
Nike Nike often refers to: * Nike, Inc., a major American producer of athletic shoes, apparel, and sports equipment * Nike (mythology), a Greek goddess who personifies victory Nike may also refer to: People * Nike (name), a surname and feminine giv ...
File:Ул.Первомайская, г.Никополь.jpg, A street in Nikopol File:Центральный универмаг Никополя.jpg, Nikopol central department store File:Nikopol Elektrometalurh Stadium 4.jpg, Elektrometalurh Stadium


International relations


Twin towns — Sister cities

Nikopol is twinned with: *
Lloydminster Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta and Saskatchewan. The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administra ...
, Canada *
Perth Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...
, Scotland *
Halmstad Halmstad () is a port, university, industrial and recreational urban areas of Sweden, city at the mouth of the Nissan (river), Nissan river, in the provinces of Sweden, province of Halland on the Sweden, Swedish west coast. Halmstad is the seat ...
, Sweden


References

----------- *


External links


Official city website
{{authority control Zaporozhian Sich historic sites Cities in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast Yekaterinoslav Governorate Populated places established in 1639 Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Populated places established in the Russian Empire Populated places of Kakhovka Reservoir Khmelnytsky Uprising Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine Hromadas of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast