Hüseyin Nihâl Atsız (January 12, 1905 – December 11, 1975) was a prominent Turkish
ultranationalist
Ultranationalism, or extreme nationalism, is an extremist form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its specific ...
writer, novelist, and poet. Atsız self-identified as a
racist
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one Race (human categorization), race or ethnicity over another. It may also me ...
,
Pan-Turkist and
Turanist.
He later became a
critic of Islam, calling it "a religion created by
Arabs
Arabs (, , ; , , ) are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa. A significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world.
Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of yea ...
, for Arabs".
[Cenk Saraçoğlu]
Nihal Atsız's World-View and Its Influences on the Shared Symbols, Rituals, Myths and Practices of the Ülkücü Movement
/ref> He is the ideologue of Atsızism. He was the author of over 30 books and numerous articles and was in strong opposition to the government of İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü (24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish politician and military officer who served as the second List of Presidents of Turkey, president of Turkey from 1938 to 1950, and as its Prime Minister of Turkey, pr ...
, which he criticized for co-operating with the communists. He was accused of being a sympathizer of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
and plotting to overthrow the Turkish government.
He opposed atheism, condemned communism, defended the existence of God and said that morality was very important for society. Despite his criticisms of religion, Atsız had a turbulent relationship with Islam. Atsız defined Islam as the national religion of the Turks. He said that it should be respected and said that religion was an indispensable part of a nation. He also harshly criticized the practices of Kemalism that disturbed religious Turks. When asked about one of his favorite poets, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, who defended the ideology of "Islamism
Islamism is a range of religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism ...
", he praised Islamism and said that it was the national ideal of the Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks () were a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group in Anatolia. Originally from Central Asia, they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire, in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the e ...
. When Atsız died, his coffin was brought to the mosque and a religious ceremony was held and funeral prayers were performed.
Personal life
Nihâl Atsız was born on January 12, 1905, at Kadıköy
Kadıköy () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district on the Asian side of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 25 km2, and its population is 467,919 (2023). It is a large and populous area in the Asian si ...
, Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
. His father was navy commander Mehmet Nail Bey, from the Çiftçioğlu family of Torul, Gümüşhane
Gümüşhane () is a city in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gümüşhane Province and Gümüşhane District.[Trabzon
Trabzon, historically known as Trebizond, is a city on the Black Sea coast of northeastern Turkey and the capital of Trabzon Province. The city was founded in 756 BC as "Trapezous" by colonists from Miletus. It was added into the Achaemenid E ...]
. Atsız had two sons from his second wife Bedriye Atsız, who he married in 1935.[Uzer, Umut (2016),p.129] They were Yağmur Atsız, a left-wing journalist and writer, and Dr. Buğra Atsız, and academician and nationalist writer; he also had an adopted daughter: Kaniye Atsız. They divorced in 1975. Atsız had a younger brother, Nejdet Sançar, also a prominent personality of the pan-Turkist ideology. The surname he adopted following the enforcement of the Surname Law by Atatürk means 'nameless' or "one who has not yet made himself a name," for in Old Turkic Culture, you should be successful to deserve a name. Atsız name was also the name of at least two Seljuk emirs, Atsiz
Ala al-Din wa-l-Dawla Abu'l-Muzaffar Atsiz ibn Muhammad ibn Anushtegin (; 1098 – 1156), better known as Atsiz () was the second Khwarazmshah from 1127 to 1156. He was the son and successor of Muhammad I.
Ruler of Khwarazm Warfare with the ...
(1098 – 1156) and Atsiz ibn Uwaq (died 1078 or 1079).
Atsız's godfather is Turkish politician and statesman Dr. Rıza Nur, who was also a Turkish nationalist. He also had a younger brother named Necdet Sançar. His brother was also a staunch Turkish nationalist, and they published many magazines and books together. The death of his brother Necdet Sançar affected Atsız greatly, and he himself passed away 10 months after his brother's death.
Education and professional life
He attended two French (one of them was in Egypt), one German and one Turkish secondary schools and Kadıköy High School before he began to study at the Military School of Medicine in 1922 but was expelled due to his ultra-nationalist views and activities as he declined to salute an officer of Arab origin who was of a superior rank than his in 1925. He then began to study at the Teachers College in Istanbul and the Istanbul University
Istanbul University, also known as University of Istanbul (), is a Public university, public research university located in Istanbul, Turkey. Founded by Mehmed II on May 30, 1453, a day after Fall of Constantinople, the conquest of Constantinop ...
School of Literature and graduated from both in 1930. Following this he became assistant to Professor Fuat Köprülü at the Istanbul University. He challenged the Turkish History Thesis and following this incident he was dismissed from the university in 1932. After he worked in high schools in Malatya
Malatya (; ; Syriac language, Syriac ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; ; Ancient Greek: Μελιτηνή) is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province. The city has been a human settlement for thousands of y ...
and Edirne
Edirne (; ), historically known as Orestias, Adrianople, is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the Edirne Province, province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, Edirne was the second c ...
as a teacher but due to his persistent challenge of the Turkish History Thesis he often faced difficulties in his career. Following his imprisonment due to the Racism-Turanism Trials in 1944–1945 he wasn't rehired as a teacher and only in 1949 was he employed at the Süleymaniye Library. He returned to teaching for several years, ultimately to return the Library in 1952. He was active there until 1969. After his retirement in 1969 he kept publishing Ötüken.
Politics
Atsız was an important ideologue who lived during the early years of the Republic of Turkey. He was initially against Atatürk's leadership, condemned Turkey's foreign policy, and particularly the appeasement policy vis-a-vis the Soviet Union. Most importantly, his supporters ridiculed Kemalist attempts at connecting Turks with early Anatolian and Mesopotamian civilizations in the Atatürk era. His views on Atatürk became more positive after the military coup against the Democrat Party in 1960 and he stressed Atatürk's nationalism in his writings. By the Justice Party, he was offered to be candidate for parliamentary election
A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a governing body at the same time. They are distinct from by-elections, which fill individual seats that have become vacant between general elections. General elections ...
in 1961 for Kütahya
Kütahya (; historically, Cotyaeum or Kotyaion; Ancient Greek, Greek: Κοτύαιον) is a city in western Turkey which lies on the Porsuk River, at 969 metres above sea level. It is the seat of Kütahya Province and Kütahya District. In 19 ...
, but he did not accept.
He was a staunch Turanist, Pan-Turkist, and racist. He wrote that the Kipchaks in Lithuania and Kirghiz are from the same blood and therefore Turks, but "alien people" living in Turkey like Jews or Negroes are not Turks even if they speak Turkish.
Kemalism, which had been condemned so harshly in his novel "''Dalkavuklar Gecesi''" (''The Night of the Sycophants'') is the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey. The nature and the type of Atatürk's nationalism during the Early Republican Period (1923–50) since 1923 have interpreted Turkish identity under the guiding light of constitutional principles which equated ‘ Turkishness’ with being a Turkish ''citizen''. Identifying all Turkish citizens as Turks proper, the three constitutions of the Republican Era were completely and positively blind to ethnic, and religious differences between Turkish citizens and disassociated ‘Turkishness’ from its popular meaning: that is, the name of an ethnic group. Supporters of this view argue that Republican statesmen rejected the German model of ethnic nationalism
Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethnonationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the nation and nationality are defined in terms of ethnicity, with emphasis on an ethnocentric (and in some cases an ethnostate/ethnocratic) approach to variou ...
and emulated the French model of civic nationalism
Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights, and is not based on ethnocentrism. Civic nationalists ...
by reducing ‘Turkishness’ to a legal category only. In other words, citizens of Turkey who happened to be of Kurdish, Greek, Armenian, Jewish or Assyrian descent had only to accept a plebiscite, according to this view, to take advantage of the opportunity of Turkification
Turkification, Turkization, or Turkicization () describes a shift whereby populations or places receive or adopt Turkic attributes such as culture, language, history, or ethnicity. However, often this term is more narrowly applied to mean specif ...
, as far as their citizenship status was concerned, and gaining full equality with ethnic Turks, provided that they remained faithful to their side of the bargain.[''The Racist Critics of Atatürk and Kemalism, from the 1930s to the 1960s'', Ilker Aytürk (]Bilkent University
Bilkent University () is a private non-profit research university located in Ankara, Turkey. It was founded by İhsan Doğramacı, the first president of the Council of Higher Education and the head of the prominent Doğramacı family, with th ...
, Ankara), Journal of Contemporary History, SAGE Pub., 201
/ref>
In 1952 together with his family and close friends, Atsız cleaned the tomb of Fatih Sultan Mehmet, which had been closed and neglected by the Kemalist CHP until then. During this period, Atsız worked on the occasion of the 500th anniversary celebrations of the Conquest of Istanbul by the Turks. He opposed the conversion of Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia (; ; ; ; ), officially the Hagia Sophia Grand Mosque (; ), is a mosque and former Church (building), church serving as a major cultural and historical site in Istanbul, Turkey. The last of three church buildings to be successively ...
into a museum and demanded that it be converted back into a mosque. He would even say, ''If I were to come to this world again, I would want to be the Imam
Imam (; , '; : , ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a prayer leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Salah, Islamic prayers, serve as community leaders, ...
of Hagia Sophia.'' President Erdoğan repeated these words of Atsız at the ceremony of converting Hagia Sophia back into a mosque and referred to him as a national poet and historian.
Atsız was a staunch anti-Semite. He hated Jews
Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
. He said that Jews stabbed the Ottoman Army in the back on the Palestine Front in World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and described Jews as the fifth column
A fifth column is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation. The activities of a fifth column can be overt or clandestine. Forces gathered in secret can mobilize ...
. He also hated Dönmeh from Salonika. He was disturbed by the Arabs' repeated defeats in the Arab–Israeli conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict is a geopolitical phenomenon involving military conflicts and a variety of disputes between Israel and many Arab world, Arab countries. It is largely rooted in the historically supportive stance of the Arab League ...
and in one of his articles he suggested that Turks and Arabs form a federation, fight against Jews and destroy Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
.
Legal prosecution
Atsız was prosecuted twice in 1944. Once he was prosecuted on the initiative of Sabahattin Ali for accusing him (and 3 other communists) of being a traitor and warning Prime Minister Şükrü Saracoğlu
Mehmet Şükrü Saracoğlu (; 17 June 1887 – 27 December 1953) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, the fifth prime minister of Turkey and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey), Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs during the early stag ...
about them, who established important positions in high schools and universities, which Atsız believed was with the help of the Minister of National Education. Atsız knew Ali from before as they shared a room with him in the 1920s, when Sabahattin Ali was a nationalist. He was given a sentence of 6 months in the trial against Sabahattin Ali, which was later reduced to a suspended sentence of 4 months. During the Atsız-Ali trial, rallies by adherents to the political right-wing spectrum in support of Atsız were held on both court hearings on the 26 April and 3 May 1944. Many of the attendants of these rallies were arrested and later prosecuted during the so-called Racism Turanism trial. During this trial Atsız and 22 others, amongst them also Reha Oğuz Türkkan, Alparslan Türkeş, were prosecuted for inciting racism and Turanism. He first got sentenced to 6 years and 6 months in prison, after which the sentence was lowered to 1 year and 6 months and at the end he (along with the other nationalists) received an amnesty. In 1973, despite his health problems, he received a prison sentence of 15 months because of his writings against Kurdish separatists, after 6 years of trials. He wrote that Kurds should leave Turkey (if they insist on keeping the pro-Kurdish propaganda) and learn from the Armenians what happens to the people who challenge the Turkish nation. Many people; including mayors, journalists, writers, university lecturers and students; requested president Fahri Korutürk to release Atsız from prison. After months, he was pardoned.
Controversies
In the ''Orhun'', Atsız wrote in support for the establishment of a Greater Turkish Empire spanning from the Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
to the Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...
. Corry Guttstadt mentioned: "His Turkism was based on ties of blood and race; he advocated a return to pre-Islamic Turkish beliefs."
According to Jacob M. Landau, he was a sympathizer of the Nazi
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
government. Landau in his book ''Exploring Ottoman and Turkish History'' states: "Atsiz was a great admirer of the race theories of Nazi Germany, expressing some of them repeatedly in his own works during the 1930s and 1940s (with the Turks labelled as the 'master race'). His articles insisted, again and again, that Pan-Turkism could – and should – be achieved by war." Aside from favoring Nazi Germany for their war with Soviet Union, he denied these claims as he started to publish his ideas even before Hitler was well-known in Turkey.
Legacy
During his lifetime, many scholars and authors who were influenced by Atsız decided to give a "present" to him by writing an honorary book. However, he died before receiving the present, which was published in 1976.
Nineteen young academicians and authors, assembled under a nationalist association "''Siyah Beyaz Kültür ve Sanat Platformu''", published a book on him, "''Vaktiyle Bir Atsız Varmış''", which consisted of articles and comparative studies on his works, life and views. In the Maltepe district in Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
, a park is named after him.
Political groups
In Turkey in 2012 a nationalist group calling itself the Atsız Youth emerged, participating in anti-Armenian demonstrations in Istanbul, carrying banners stating "You are all Armenians, You are all bastards", in response to the slogan "We are all Hrant Dink, We are all Armenians". In February 2015, in response to the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide
The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
, Anti-Armenian banners of the Atsız Youth appeared in cities around Turkey, including banners in İstanbul condemning events of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War
The First Nagorno-Karabakh War was an ethnic conflict, ethnic and territorial conflict that took place from February 1988 to May 1994, in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh in southwestern Azerbaijan, between the majority ethnic Armenians of Nag ...
1992 which they partisanly characterized as "Khojaly Genocide
The Khojaly massacre (, ) was the mass killing of Azerbaijani civilians by Armenian forces and the 366th CIS regiment in the town of Khojaly on 26 February 1992. The event became the largest single massacre throughout the entire Nagorno-K ...
", and a banner in Muğla proclaiming "We celebrate the 100th anniversary of our country being cleared of Armenians".
Turkism Day
On the 3 May 1945, Atsız, Alparslan Türkeş, Reha Oğuz Türkkan, Nejdet Sançar and others, all imprisoned in the Tophane military prison, held a meeting in memory of the rallies held on the 3 May 1944 in support of Atsız during the trial between Atsız and Sabahattin Ali. This meeting was the beginning of the annual celebrations of the Turkism Day.
Literary work
His essays about history are gathered and published as a book under the name of ''Türk Tarihinde Meseleler'' (Issues in Turkic History). He also served as a literature teacher for a number of years. During his lifetime he wrote thirty-eight poems, six novels.
Magazines
Atsız published several academic essays about Ottoman literature and history. He began to publish magazines in 1931, which he kept doing until 1975. ''Atsız Mecmua'' was the first Pan-Turk magazine, which was published from 15 May 1931 to 25 September 1932. He also published ''Orhun'' from 1933 to 1934 and again from 1943 to 1944. Orkun, as a successor of Orhun, was first published in 1950 and later in 1962-63. His last magazine ''Ötüken'' was published from 1964 to 1975.[Uzer, Umut (2016), p.137]
Poetry and novels
During his lifetime he wrote thirty-eight poems and six novels. A famous politicised novel of his was ''Dalkavuklar Gecesi'' (The Night of the Sycophants), a historical allegory and critique of Kemalism. Published in 1941, it tells the story of political corruption during the Hittite era, but is actually referring (in a roman a clef fashion) to the injustices and arbitrariness of Atatürk's rule during the 1930s, especially the Turkish History Thesis, and the sycophants around him.
His historical epic novel ''Bozkurtların Ölümü'' (Death of the Grey Wolves) is one of the most popular historical novels in Turkish literature. The book concerns the last days of the first Gök Türk Empire and the impossible rebellion of Prince Kür-Şad and his forty warriors against the Chinese invaders, referring to the attempt to kidnap the Chinese emperor by Ashina Jiesheshuai
Ashina Jiesheshuai ( zh, t=阿史那結社率, s=阿史那结社率, p=Ashǐnà Jiēshèshuai, w=Ashihna Chieh-she-shuai;:zh:s:新唐書/卷002, ''New Book of Tang'' Vol. 2''Zizhi Tongjian'', :zh:s:資治通鑑/卷195, vol. 195.:zh:s:舊唐書/� ...
in 639. His original Turkic name is unknown, Kürşad is a made-up name by Atsız. Its sequel ''Bozkurtlar Diriliyor'' (Revival of the Grey Wolves) tells the story of Urungu (the unknown son of Kür-Şad) and the beginning of the second Gök Türk Empire. Both novels were very popular in the Turkish society. İsmet Hürmüzlü
İsmet Hürmüzlü (1938 – 19 January 2013) was an Iraqi Turkmen actor, screenwriter and director. He lived most of his life in Turkey.
İsmet Hürmüzlü was born in Kerkuk, Iraq. In the 1950s, he joined the Kerkuk Turkmen Theatre as co-founde ...
wrote a theater play on the subject and passages of the books were an optional part in literary classes.
His third novel, ''Deli Kurt'' (Mad Wolf), is about the mystic romance between a Sipahi
The ''sipahi'' ( , ) were professional cavalrymen deployed by the Seljuk Turks and later by the Ottoman Empire. ''Sipahi'' units included the land grant–holding ('' timar'') provincial ''timarli sipahi'', which constituted most of the arm ...
warrior (who was actually an unknown member of the Ottoman dynasty) and a mysterious shamanist nomad woman in the early Ottoman Empire.
Atsız wrote a satirical
Satire is a genre of the visual arts, visual, literature, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently Nonfiction, non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ...
political comedy about the İnönü government, ''Z Vitamini'' (Vitamin Z), which was about a fictional special vitamin which gives immortality
Immortality is the concept of eternal life. Some species possess "biological immortality" due to an apparent lack of the Hayflick limit.
From at least the time of the Ancient Mesopotamian religion, ancient Mesopotamians, there has been a con ...
to the dictator and his government. It was published in 1959 containing eleven pages.
His last novel, ''Ruh Adam'' (Soul Man), is quite a complex psychological novel. The book has a spiritual and mystical atmosphere, full with surrealistic, allegorical
As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance. Authors have used allegory throughou ...
figures such as Yek (who symbolizes Satan
Satan, also known as the Devil, is a devilish entity in Abrahamic religions who seduces humans into sin (or falsehood). In Judaism, Satan is seen as an agent subservient to God, typically regarded as a metaphor for the '' yetzer hara'', or ' ...
) and Captain Şeref (who symbolizes Honour). It has a complex story, which is generally about the forbidden platonic love
Platonic love is a type of love in which sexual desire or romantic features are nonexistent or have been suppressed or sublimated, but it means more than simple friendship.
The term is derived from the name of Greek philosopher Plato, tho ...
affair between an alcoholic ex-army officer and a diabolical, mysterious young high school student. The plot develops on the reincarnation of two lovers, which was a warrior banned from the army because of his love to the girl was greater than his love to his country in ancient nomad times. It was inspired by Atsız's own life.
His poems are in the style of Pre-Islamic literature and his common themes are idealism, honour, forbidden love, war and history. His complete poetic works (except for a few) have been published under the name of ''Yolların Sonu'' ("End of Roads").
Works
Novels
* ''Dalkavuklar Gecesi'' (The Night of the Sycophants), İstanbul 1941.
* ''Bozkurtların Ölümü'' (Death of the Grey Wolves), İstanbul 1946.
* ''Bozkurtlar Diriliyor'' (Revival of the Grey Wolves), İstanbul 1949.
* ''Deli Kurt'' (Mad Wolf), İstanbul 1958.
* ''Z Vitamini'' (Vitamin Z), İstanbul 1959.
* ''Ruh Adam'' (Soul Man), İstanbul 1972.
Stories
* 'Dönüş' (The Return), In ''Atsız Mecmua'', sayı.2 (1931), ''Orhun'', Sayı.10 (1943)
* 'Şehidlerin Duası' (Prayer of Martyrs), In ''Atsız Mecmua'', Sayı.3 (1931), ''Orhun'', Sayı.12 (1943)
* 'Erkek, Kız' (Boy, Girl), In ''Atsız Mecmua'', Sayı.4 (1931)
* 'İki Onbaşı, Galiçiya...1917...' (Two Corporals, Galicia...1917...), In ''Atsız Mecmua'', Sayı.6 (1931), ''Çınaraltı'', Sayı.67 (1942), ''Ötüken'', Sayı.30 (1966)
* 'Her Çağın Masalı: Boz Doğan ve Sarı Yılan' (Tale of All Ages: Grey Hawk and Yellow Snake), In ''Ötüken'', Sayı.28 (1966)
Poems
* 'Yolların Sonu' (End of Roads), İstanbul 1946.
Notes
References
External links
Hüseyin Nihal ATSIZ
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atsiz, Huseyin Nihal
1905 births
1975 deaths
People from Kadıköy
Burials at Karacaahmet Cemetery
Writers from Istanbul
Turkish poets
Far-right modern pagans
Former Muslim critics of Islam
Critics of Islamism
Turkish former Sunni Muslims
Pan-Turkists
Turanists
Turkish anti-communists
20th-century Turkish poets
Turkish deists
Far-right politics in Turkey
20th-century Turkish philosophers
20th-century Turkish writers
Turkish magazine founders
Turkish nationalists
Turkish Nazis
Turkish writers
Antisemitism in Turkey
Anti-Kurdish sentiment
Anti-Arabism in Turkey
People convicted in the Racism-Turanism trials