Ngāti Raukawa is a

Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the Co ...

iwi Iwi () are the largest social units in New Zealand Māori society. In Māori, roughly means or , and is often translated as "tribe". The word is both singular and plural in the Māori language, and is typically pluralised as such in English. ...

(tribe) with traditional bases in the

Waikato The Waikato () is a region of the upper North Island of New Zealand. It covers the Waikato District, Waipā District, Matamata-Piako District, South Waikato District and Hamilton City, as well as Hauraki, Coromandel Peninsula, the nort ...

Taupō Taupō (), sometimes written Taupo, is a town located in the central North Island of New Zealand. It is situated on the edge of Lake Taupō, which is the largest freshwater lake in New Zealand. Taupō was constituted as a borough in 1953. It h ...

and Manawatū/ Horowhenua regions of New Zealand. In 2006, 29,418 Māori registered their affiliation with Ngāti Raukawa.

History

Early history

Ngāti Raukawa are descended from Raukawa, son of Māhina-a-rangi of

Ngāti Kahungunu Ngāti Kahungunu is a Māori iwi (tribe) located along the eastern coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The iwi is traditionally centred in the Hawke's Bay and Wairārapa regions. The Kahungunu iwi also comprises 86 hapū (sub-tribes ...

and

Tūrongo Tūrongo was a Māori people, Māori rangatira (chief) in the Tainui confederation of tribes, based at Rangiātea, near Waikeria, New Zealand. He quarrelled with his brother, Whatihua, and as a result Tainui was split between them, with Tūrongo ...

, who was descended from the settlers of the ''

Tainui Tainui is a tribal waka (canoe), waka confederation of New Zealand Māori people, Māori iwi. The Tainui confederation comprises four principal related Māori iwi of the central North Island of New Zealand: Hauraki Māori, Hauraki, Ngāti Maniapo ...

canoe A canoe is a lightweight, narrow watercraft, water vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel and using paddles. In British English, the term ' ...

. One of Raukawa's descendants was Maniapoto, ancestor of the Ngāti Maniapoto iwi. Ngāti Raukawa established their territory in the southern Waikato and northern Taupō region. In the early 19th century many Ngāti Raukawa people migrated to the Manawatū, Horowhenua and Kapiti Coast region. In the mid-17th century, the Ngāti Raukawa ''rangatira'' Whāita, Tama-te-hura, and Wairangi conquered the section of the upper

Waikato river The Waikato River is the longest river in New Zealand, running for through the North Island. It rises on the eastern slopes of Mount Ruapehu, joining the Tongariro River system and flowing through Lake Taupō, New Zealand's largest lake. It th ...

between

Putāruru Putāruru is a small town in the South Waikato District and the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. It lies on the western side of the Mamaku Ranges and in the upper basin of the Waihou River. It is on the Oraka Stream 65 kilometres s ...

and Ātiamuri in the Ngāti Raukawa–Ngāti Kahu-pungapunga War. After this war, Wairangi settled the area south of Whakamaru and his descendants, the Ngāti Wairangi, now share Mōkai

marae A ' (in Māori language, New Zealand Māori, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian language, Tahitian), ' (in Tongan language, Tongan), ' (in Marquesan language, Marquesan) or ' (in Samoan language, Samoan) is a communal or sacred place that serves reli ...

with a number of other hapu. Whāita took the section furthest up the river, around Pōhatu-roa and his descendants, the Ngāti Whāita, have their marae at Ōngāroto, on the north bank of the Waikato River, a little west of Ātiamuri. In the early 19th century, significant numbers of Ngāti Raukawa migrated south during the

Musket Wars The Musket Wars were a series of as many as 3,000 battles and raids fought throughout New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands) among Māori people, Māori between 1806 and 1845, after Māori first obtained muskets and then engaged in an inte ...

. Led by Te Whatanui and other chiefs, they joined Ngāti Toarangatira in a southwards migration through the North Island, which proceeded in three stages. This brought them into conflict with established tangata whenua in the southern parts of the North Island. They conquered land from Rangitikei to Kapiti, and there settled many subtribes and established many

pā The word pā (; often spelled pa in English) can refer to any Māori people, Māori village or defensive settlement, but often refers to hillforts – fortified settlements with palisades and defensive :wikt:terrace, terraces – and also to fo ...

. Four of the subtribes, Ngāti Waewae, Ngāti Pikiahu, Ngāti Matakore and Ngāti Rangatahi, are based on the Te Reureu block, between the Waitapu and Rangitawa Streams, at Kakariki, beside the Rangitīkei River.

Modern history

Ngāti Raukawa has undergone great change in the 20th century. After

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, many Ngāti Raukawa left their traditional lands and migrated to cities. Starting in 1975, a determined effort was made to revitalise traditional language and establishments. Ngāti Raukawa have established a large number of

and other institutions, including Raukawa Marae and

Te Wānanga o Raukawa is a Māori wānanga (indigenous tertiary-education provider) in New Zealand, established in 1981. Based in Ōtaki, with smaller campuses in Auckland and Gisborne, the wānanga was born out of a collaborative tribal desire or experiment known ...

, a centre for higher learning. Administrative organisations include the Raukawa Trust Board and Te Rūnanga o Raukawa.

Media

Raukawa FM

Raukawa FM is the official station of Ngāti Raukawa. It was set up by Te Reo Irirangi o Ngati Raukawa Trust on 23 October 1990. Many of its first hosts were Tokoroa High School students, and most of its staff are still volunteers. It broadcasts on in

Tokoroa Tokoroa is the fourth-largest town in the Waikato region of the North Island of New Zealand and largest settlement in the South Waikato District. Located 30 km southwest of Rotorua and 20 km south of Putāruru, close to the foot of th ...

, in Mangakino, and across the wider

Waikato region The Waikato () is a Regions of New Zealand, region of the upper North Island of New Zealand. It covers the Waikato District, Waipā District, Matamata-Piako District, South Waikato District and Hamilton, New Zealand, Hamilton City, as well as ...

. The station was co-founded by Emare Rose Nikora and Whiti te-Ra Kaihau. Nikora was a leader of the Māori language revival movement, and was the station's first

Māori language Māori (; endonym: 'the Māori language', commonly shortened to ) is an Eastern Polynesian languages, Eastern Polynesian language and the language of the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. The southernmost membe ...

newsreader, manager and board member. She was recognised for her work with a Queen's Service Medal for services to Māori.

Te Upoko O Te Ika

Wellington Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the third-largest city in New Zealand (second largest in the North Island ...

pan-tribal Māori radio station Te Upoko O Te Ika has been affiliated to Ngāti Raukawa since 2014. It began part-time broadcasting in 1983 and full-time broadcasting in 1987, making it the longest-running Māori radio station in New Zealand.

Notable people

* Hori Ahipene, actor and director * Tungia Baker, actress * Georgina Beyer, world's first transgender mayor and parliamentarian * Nancy Brunning, actress and director * Pip Devonshire, weaver * Jolene Douglas, artist *

Eddie Durie Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie (born 18 January 1940) is a New Zealand jurist who served on the High Court of New Zealand between 1998 and 2004. He was the first Māori appointed a judge of a New Zealand court. Career Durie graduated with a BA ...

, judge * Mason Durie, psychiatrist * Mihi Edwards, memoirist, social worker, teacher and

kaumātua A kaumātua is a respected tribal elder in a Māori community who has been involved with their whānau for a number of years. They are appointed by their people who believe the chosen elders have the capacity to teach and guide both current a ...

* Billy Guyton, rugby union player * Patricia Grace, author * Kassie Hartendorp, community worker and activist * Grant Kereama, radio host * Karl Leonard, carver and weaver * Ranginui Parewahawaha Leonard, weaver * Jaimee Lovett, canoeist * Haane Manahi, soldier * Rangimahora Reihana-Mete, weaver * Ike Robin, sportsman, businessman and orator * Te Rangiataahua Kiniwe Royal, tribal leader, soldier and sportsman *

Jacinta Ruru Jacinta Arianna Ruru (born 1974) is an established New Zealand academic and the first Māori professor of law. Ruru is currently the Deputy Vice-Chancellor Māori at the University of Otago. Academic career Ruru completed a Master's at the ...

, academic * Harata Solomon, teacher and religious leader * Bruce Stewart, playwright * Kingi Te Ahoaho Tahiwi, teacher and interpreter * Pirimi Pererika Tahiwi, teacher and community leader * Codie Taylor, rugby union player * Te Ahukaramū Charles Royal, academic * Hana Te Hemara, Māori activist * Te Whatanui, tribal chief * Hēnare Mātene Te Whiwhi, tribal leader and chief * Inia Te Wiata, singer, actor and carver *

Rima Te Wiata Heather Rima Te Wiata (born 11 October 1963) is a British-born New Zealand singer, comedian and stage, film and television actress, who is also notable for her career in Australia, especially her long-running recurring role in soap opera ''Sons ...

, singer, comedian and actress * Vernice Wineera, poet, editor and educator * Mahinārangi Tocker, singer-songwriter * Rota Waitoa, Anglican clergyman

References

Bibliography

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External links

Raukawa Settlement Trust
South Waikato
Te Wānanga o Raukawa
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