Neustadt am Main (officially: ''Neustadt a. Main'') is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the Main-Spessart district in the ''

Regierungsbezirk A ' (, 'governmental district') is a type of administrative division in Germany. Currently, four of sixteen ' (states of Germany) are split into '. Beneath these are rural and urban districts ' (plural, ) serve as regional mid-level local gov ...

'' of

Lower Franconia Lower Franconia (, ) is one of seven districts of Bavaria, Germany. The districts of Lower, Middle and Upper Franconia make up the region of Franconia. It consists of nine districts and 308 municipalities (including three cities). History After ...

(''Unterfranken'') in

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

and a member of the ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Lohr am Main'' ( municipal administrative association).

Geography

Location

Neustadt am Main lies on both banks of the

Main river The Main () is the longest tributary of the Rhine, one of the major European rivers. It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for to meet the Rhine below Rüsselsheim, ...

in the

Würzburg Würzburg (; Main-Franconian: ) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the Franconia#Towns and cities, third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria. Würzburg is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. It sp ...

Region, around 8 km south of the town of Lohr at the foot of the

Spessart Spessart () is a ''Mittelgebirge'', a range of low wooded mountains, in the States of Bavaria and Hesse in Germany. It is bordered by the Vogelsberg, Rhön and Odenwald. The highest elevation is the Geiersberg (Spessart), Geiersberg at 586 metre ...

hills. It is part of the Main-Spessart district in the ''

'' of

. The municipal territory stretches quite far into the wooded hills to the west. The highest peak of the ''Main-Spessart-Kreis'' is located in Neustadt's territory: the ''Klosterkuppel'' at 552 m above

sea level Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an mean, average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal Body of water, bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured. The global MSL is a type of vertical ...

. In that area lies the source of the ' that flows into the Main near the town. Out of a total municipal area of around 1,980 hectares, forest accounts for almost 1,600 ha.

Subdivisions

The community has the following ''Gemarkungen'' (traditional rural cadastral areas): (on the left bank of the river), Neustadt am Main (on the right bank). The two ''Ortsteile'' are linked by a pedestrian bridge across the Main (built 1970-71). There are two additional (small) settlements, Aurora and , both located in the wooded hills west of the Main.

Neighbouring communities

From the north, clockwise: *

Lohr am Main Lohr am Main (, ; officially: ''Lohr a.Main'') or Loa () is a town in the Main-Spessart district in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') in Bavaria, Germany and the seat (but not a member) of the ''Verwaltungsgemeins ...

* Steinfeld *

Roden Roden is a name of Germanic origin, originally meaning "red valley" or an anglicization of the Gaelic name "O'Rodain". It may refer to: Places *Roden, Bavaria, a town in the Main-Spessart district of Bavaria, Germany *Roden, Netherlands, a town ...

Marktheidenfeld Marktheidenfeld () is a town in the Main-Spessart district in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' of Lower Franconia (''Unterfranken'') in Bavaria, Germany, and the seat (but not a member) of the ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft'' (municipal association) of Markth ...

* Rothenfels * (''Gemeindefreies Gebiet'') * (''Gemeindefreies Gebiet'')

History

'' Kloster Neustadt'', a

Benedictine The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, th ...

monastery was first mentioned (''Niwenstat'') in a document in 768/769, when Megingoz, Bishop of Würzburg, retired from his post to found a monastery on the Michaelsberg. The monastery was one of the most important in Franconia and monks from Neustadt played a key role in bringing Christianity to the

Saxons The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons or Continental Saxons, were a Germanic people of early medieval "Old" Saxony () which became a Carolingian " stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany. Many of their neighbours were, like th ...

. The town itself was first mentioned in 889 (''Niunstadt''). In the late 10th century, the monastery came under the influence of the

Prince-Bishop of Würzburg A prince-bishop is a bishop who is also the civil ruler of some secular principality and sovereignty, as opposed to ''Prince of the Church'' itself, a title associated with cardinals. Since 1951, the sole extant prince-bishop has been the Bis ...

. The monastery was sacked during the

Peasants' War This is a chronological list of revolts organized by peasants. Background The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including: * Tax resistance * So ...

in 1525. The church was rededicated in 1534. The monastery was rebuilt in 1616 under Bishop Julius Echter, but heavily damaged during the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

in 1635-1648. ''Kloster Neustadt'' was dissolved in the course of

Secularization In sociology, secularization () is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism or irreligion, nor are they automatica ...

in 1803. Most of the monastery buildings and the church were destroyed by lightning in 1857. As part of the '' Amt'' of Rothenfels of the Prince-Bishopric (

Hochstift In the Holy Roman Empire, the German language, German term (plural: ) referred to the territory ruled by a bishop as a prince (i.e. prince-bishop), as opposed to his diocese, generally much larger and over which he exercised only spiritual auth ...

) of Würzburg, the community passed with the 1803 ''

Reichsdeputationshauptschluss The ' (formally the ', or "Principal Conclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegation"), sometimes referred to in English as the Final Recess or the Imperial Recess of 1803, was a resolution passed by the ' (Imperial Diet) of the Holy Roman Em ...

'' to the Counts of

Löwenstein-Wertheim Löwenstein-Wertheim was a county of the Holy Roman Empire, part of the Franconian Circle. It was formed from the counties of Löwenstein (based in the town of Löwenstein) and Wertheim (based in the town of Wertheim am Main) and from 1488 until ...

. After

mediatization Mediatization or mediatisation may refer to: * German mediatisation German mediatisation (; ) was the major redistribution and reshaping of territorial holdings that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany by means of the subsumption and S ...

in 1806 it passed with the

Principality of Aschaffenburg The Principality of Aschaffenburg () was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire created in 1803 and, following the dissolution of the Empire in 1806, of the Confederation of the Rhine, which existed from 1806 to 1810. Its capital was Aschaffenb ...

in 1814 (by this time the Principality had become a part of the

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation. It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former territories of the Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Free City of Frankfurt itself. Histo ...

) to the

Kingdom of Bavaria The Kingdom of Bavaria ( ; ; spelled ''Baiern'' until 1825) was a German state that succeeded the former Electorate of Bavaria in 1806 and continued to exist until 1918. With the unification of Germany into the German Empire in 1871, the kingd ...

. In the course of administrative reform in Bavaria, the current community came into being with the ''Gemeindeedikt'' ("Municipal Edict") of 1818. In 1869-1879, the parish church was rebuilt. In 1907, what remained of the monastery was taken over by nuns of the "Dominican Order of Saint

Catherine of Siena Caterina di Jacopo di Benincasa (25 March 1347 – 29 April 1380), known as Catherine of Siena, was an Italian mystic and pious laywoman who engaged in papal and Italian politics through extensive letter-writing and advocacy. Canonized in 1461, ...

" from South Africa. By 1960, the monastery had been rebuilt. In 1978 Karl, Fürst zu Löwenstein, gave the ''Michaelskapelle'' to the municipality. It was renovated in 1981-1989.

Demographics

Within town limits, 1,204 inhabitants were counted in 1970, 1,301 in 1987 and in 2000 1,343. For year-end 2014, the population statistics show 1,331 inhabitants (of which 97 have a secondary residence here).

Economy

According to official statistics, there were 39 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls (''Sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte'') working in producing businesses in 1998. In trade and

transport Transport (in British English) or transportation (in American English) is the intentional Motion, movement of humans, animals, and cargo, goods from one location to another. Mode of transport, Modes of transport include aviation, air, land tr ...

there were 22. In other areas, 39 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 474 such workers worked from home. There were 4 processing businesses. One business was in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there was one agricultural operation.

Attractions

The parish church, ''St. Michael und Gertrud'', contains several pieces of art from the monastery's past, including grave stones (12th and 15th centuries), a Romanesque baptismal font, paintings and frescos. North of the parish church are the remains of the oldest chapel of St. Peter and St. Paul, dating to Abbot Dietho (786/87). On the Michaelsberg, southwest of the monastery, stands the ''Michaelskapelle'' or ''St. Michaelskirche'' (formerly the parish church, when the Benedictine monastery was still in operation, until 1803). According to tradition, the ramparts on which it was built date to

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...

's hunting lodge, known as ''Rohrinlach''. Excavations have found structures that support the existence of a Carolingian fortification, or possibly a ''

Pfalz Pfalz, Pfälzer, or Pfälzisch are German words referring to Palatinate (disambiguation), Palatinate. They may refer to: Places *Pfalz, the Palatinate (region) of Germany **Nordpfalz, the North Palatinate **Vorderpfalz, the Anterior Palatinat ...

''. Only the foundation of the current chapel is early Romanesque (11th century), the rest of the structure dates to 1729-33. The monastery, Neustadt and Erlach feature some other protected monuments and buildings (see (German). Notable among these are the outlying ''Margarethenhof'' (a 12th-century farmyard with a chapel, built and run by the monastery) and the ''Forsthaus Aurora'', a forester's lodge originally constructed in the time under the Counts of Löwenstein (the current lodge dates from 1936).

Government

Since 2014 Stephan Morgenroth (Bürgerliste) has been the ''Erster Bürgermeister'' (mayor). Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €587,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €78,000. Since 1 May 1978, Neustadt has been a member of the ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Lohr am Main'' ( municipal administrative association). Also at that point, Neustadt and Erlach were merged in the course of ''Gebietsreform''.

Town twinning

Neustadt is a member of the working group ''Neustadt in Europa'', in which 36 towns (as at September 2008) named Neustadt in Germany,

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

have linked together. The following places belong to the group: *

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, Germany *

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, Germany * Neustadt an der Dosse,

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Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...

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, Saxony, Germany * Neustadt,

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, Germany *

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, Czech Republic *

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* Nové Město pod Smrkem,

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, Baden-Württemberg, Germany *

Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt (; Lower_Austria.html" ;"title=".e. Lower Austria">.e. Lower Austria , ) is a city located south of Vienna, in the state of Lower Austria, in northeast Austria. It is a self-governed city and the seat of the district administr ...

, Lower Austria, Austria

Coat of arms

The community's

arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...

might be described thus: Per pale argent a lowercase uncial N upon which a small cross pattée sable, gules a sword proper waved in pale, point downwards. The uncial N with the cross on top is the sign that the old Neustadt Monastery, founded about 770 by Bishop of Würzburg Megingoz, used to mark its estate. In 993 the monastery passed to the Princely Electorate (''Hochstift'') of Würzburg, remaining with that state until

in 1803. Recalling this former allegiance are the

tincture A tincture is typically an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Solvent concentrations of 25–60% are common, but may run as high as 90%.Groot Handboek Geneeskrachtige Planten by Geert Verhelst In chemistr ...

s argent and gules (silver and red), those borne by the Electorate. The waved sword was taken from a village court seal from the early 18th century that showed Saint Michael with a sword. The arms have been borne since 1968.Description and explanation of Neustadt’s arms
/ref>

Infrastructure

Transport

Neustadt used to have a station on the discontinued . The road ''Staatsstrasse 2315'' passes through the village.

Education

In 1999, Neustadt had a

kindergarten Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cen ...

with 50 places used by 42 children.

References

External links

Neustadt-Erlach municipal website

''Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Lohr am Main'' website
*
History of ''Kloster Neustadt'' at ''Klöster in Bayern'' (Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte)

''Pfarreiengemeinschaft 12 Apostel am Tor zum Spessart'' (Roman Catholic parish)

Neustadt and Erlach fire brigade
{{Authority control Main-Spessart