The Mureș () or Maros (;
German: ''Mieresch'', ) is a river in
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...
. Its
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
covers an area of .
[Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007](_blank)
IPCDR It originates in the
Hășmașu Mare Range in the Eastern
Carpathian Mountains,
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
, rising close to the headwaters of the river
Olt, and joins the
Tisza at
Szeged
Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
in southeastern
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
. In Romania, its length is and its basin size is .
The Mureș River flows through the Romanian counties
Harghita,
Mureș,
Alba,
Hunedoara
Hunedoara (; ; ) is a municipiu, city in Hunedoara County, Transylvania, Romania. It is located in southwestern Transylvania near the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, and administers five villages: Boș (''Bós''), Groș (''Grós''), Hășdat (''Hosdát ...
,
Arad and
Timiș, and the Hungarian county
Csongrád. The largest cities on the Mureș/Maros are
Târgu Mureș,
Alba Iulia,
Deva
Deva may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional characters
* Deva, List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters, an ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' 2nd edition monster
* Deva, in the 2023 Indian film ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefir ...
and
Arad in Romania as well as
Makó and
Szeged
Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
in Hungary.
The Hungarian reaches of the Mureș/Maros are long as the state
border. Some on the northern side of the river are protected as part of the
Körös-Maros National Park. The
Maros Floodplain Protected Area consists of gallery forests, floodplain meadows and of forest reserve near Szeged.
Salt
In common usage, salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl). When used in food, especially in granulated form, it is more formally called table salt. In the form of a natural crystalline mineral, salt is also known as r ...
used to be
trade
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market.
Traders generally negotiate through a medium of cr ...
d in medieval times on the river on large rafts.
Name
The river is known to be first mentioned by
Herodotus
Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the '' Histori ...
in 485 BC bearing the name ''Maris'' (Μάρις). Strabo calls it ''Marisos'' (Μάρισος). It was known in
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
as the '; the Mureș is also mentioned, as ''Morisis'' (Μορήσης), in a document of the Byzantine Emperor
Constantine VII, in 948 AD.
[Béla Köpeczi]
''History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606''
It was also known in
German variously as the ', ' or ', owing to
Transylvanian Saxon settlements and prior
Habsburg rule. It was known in
Turkish as the ' or ' under the
Ottomans.
Towns and villages
The following towns are situated along the river Mureș, from source to mouth:
Toplița,
Reghin,
Târgu Mureș,
Luduș,
Ocna Mureș,
Aiud,
Teiuș,
Alba Iulia,
Geoagiu,
Orăștie,
Simeria,
Deva
Deva may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional characters
* Deva, List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters, an ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' 2nd edition monster
* Deva, in the 2023 Indian film ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefir ...
,
Lipova,
Arad,
Nădlac (all in Romania),
Makó,
Szeged
Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
(both in Hungary).
The Mureș flows through the following communes (grouped by counties, from source to mouth):
*
Harghita County:
Voșlăbeni,
Suseni,
Joseni,
Remetea,
Subcetate,
Sărmaș,
Gălăuțaș,
Toplița
*
Mureș County:
Stânceni,
Lunca Bradului,
Răstolița,
Deda,
Rușii-Munți,
Aluniș,
Brâncovenești,
Ideciu de Jos,
Suseni,
Reghin,
Petelea,
Gornești,
Glodeni,
Ernei,
Sântana de Mureș,
Sângeorgiu de Mureș,
Târgu Mureș,
Sâncraiu de Mureș
Sâncraiu (''Kalotaszentkirály'' in Hungarian language, Hungarian) is a commune in Romania, commune in Cluj County, Transylvania, Romania.
The commune is located in the western part of the county, just south of Huedin and from the county seat, ...
,
Cristești,
Pănet,
Ungheni,
Sânpaul,
Iernut,
Cuci,
Bogata,
Luduș,
Chețani
*
Alba County:
Noșlac,
Lunca Mureșului,
Ocna Mureș,
Unirea,
Mirăslău,
Aiud,
Rădești,
Teiuș,
Sântimbru,
Ciugud,
Alba Iulia,
Vințu de Jos,
Blandiana,
Săliștea,
Șibot
*
Hunedoara County
Hunedoara County () is a county (''județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva, Romania, Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Name
In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as , ...
:
Geoagiu,
Orăștie,
Turdaș,
Rapoltu Mare,
Simeria,
Hărău,
Deva
Deva may refer to:
Arts and entertainment Fictional characters
* Deva, List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters, an ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' 2nd edition monster
* Deva, in the 2023 Indian film ''Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefir ...
,
Șoimuș,
Vețel,
Brănișca,
Ilia,
Gurasada,
Dobra,
Burjuc,
Zam
*
Arad County:
Petriș,
Săvârșin,
Birchiș,
Vărădia de Mureș,
Bata,
Bârzava,
Conop,
Ususău,
Lipova,
Păuliș,
Frumușeni,
Fântânele,
Vladimirescu,
Arad,
Zădăreni,
Felnac,
Pecica,
Secusigiu,
Semlac,
Șeitin,
Nădlac
*
Timiș County
Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...
:
Periam,
Sânpetru Mare,
Sânnicolau Mare,
Cenad
*
Csongrád County:
Nagylak,
Magyarcsanád,
Apátfalva,
Makó,
Kiszombor,
Ferencszállás,
Maroslele,
Klárafalva,
Deszk,
Szeged
Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
Tributaries
The following rivers are
tributaries to the river Mureș (from source to mouth):
Left: Cărbunele Negru,
Senetea, Fierăstrăul,
Șumuleul Mare,
Borzontul Mare,
Borzontul Mic,
Pietrosul,
Bacta, Limbuș,
Piatra,
Eseniu,
Martonca, Calnaci, Muscă,
Gălăuțaș, Zăpodea,
Măgheruș, Mărșinețul de Sus,
Gudea Mare,
Sălard,
Iod, Borzia,
Sebeș, Fițcău,
Idicel,
Deleni,
Gurghiu, Mocear,
Beica,
Habic,
Petrilaca, Valea cu Nuci,
Terebici,
Pocloș, Budiu,
Niraj, Pârâul Mare, Lăscud,
Sărata,
Șeulia, Valea Luncilor,
Ațintiș, Găbud,
Fărău, Ciunga, Pusta Băgăului,
Rât,
Târnava, Hăpria,
Sebeș,
Pianul,
Cioara,
Cugir,
Vaidei,
Romos,
Orăștie,
Turdaș,
Strei, Tâmpa,
Cerna, Herepeia,
Căoi, Vulcez,
Leșnic, Săcămaș,
Plai,
Dobra,
Abucea,
Valea Mare, Sălciva,
Peștiș, Căpriorișca,
Somonița, Birchiș,
Izvor, Corbul, Fiac,
Suliniș, Lalașinț, Chelmac,
Pârâul Mare,
Șiștarovăț, Țârnobara,
Sinicoț, Valea Fânețelor de Jos, Zădărlac, and Zădăreni
Right:
Chindeni, Arinul Scurt, Chirtoegher,
Strâmba, Pârâul Noroios,
Belcina,
Lăzarea, Ghiduț,
Ditrău, Faier,
Jolotca, Filipea, Sărmaș,
Ciucic,
Toplița,
Călimănel, Mermezeu,
Zebrac, Neagra,
Ilva, Obcina Ferigelor (Fântânel),
Răstolița,
Gălăoaia,
Bistra, Pietriș, Dumbrava,
Râpa, Agriș,
Lueriu,
Luț,
Șar,
Voiniceni,
Cuieșd, Valea Fânațelor, Șăușa,
Valea din Jos,
Lechința, Ranta,
Pârâul de Câmpie, Grindeni,
Arieș,
Unirea,
Ciugud, Ormeniș, Mirăslău, Lopadea,
Aiud,
Gârbova,
Geoagiu (Alba),
Galda,
Ampoi, Pâclișa,
Valea Vințului,
Blandiana, Stânișoara,
Băcăinți,
Homorod,
Geoagiu (Hunedoara), Boiul,
Bobâlna, Valea lui Sânpetru,
Lazu,
Vărmaga,
Certej,
Boholt,
Căian, Bejan,
Boz,
Sârbi,
Băcișoara,
Gurasada,
Zam,
Almaș,
Petriș, Crăciuneasca,
Troaș,
Vinești,
Stejar,
Julița, Valea Mare,
Grosul,
Monoroștia,
Bârzava, Nadăș,
Conop, Cornic,
Milova, Jernova,
Șoimoș, Radna,
Cladova, Crac, and
Száraz-ér
Images
File:RO HD Soimus Mures River 2.jpg,
File:MuresulLaIlia (6).JPG,
File:CetateaSoimos (15).JPG,
See also
*
List of rivers of Romania
*
Tributaries of Mureș River (Romanian and Hungarian names)
*
List of rivers of Europe
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mureș (river)
Rivers of Hungary
Rivers of Romania
Rivers of Harghita County
Rivers of Mureș County
Rivers of Alba County
Rivers of Hunedoara County
Rivers of Arad County
International rivers of Europe
Braided rivers in Europe