Mirza Mohammad rafi 'Sauda' (), (1713–1781) was an

Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...

poet in

Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...

, India. He is known for his ''

Ghazal ''Ghazal'' is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry that often deals with topics of spiritual and romantic love. It may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss, or separation from the beloved, and t ...

s'' and Urdu ''

Qasida The qaṣīda (also spelled ''qaṣīdah''; plural ''qaṣā’id'') is an ancient Arabic word and form of poetry, often translated as ode. The qasida originated in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry and passed into non-Arabic cultures after the Arab Mus ...

s''.

Biography

He was born in 1713 in

Shahjahanabad Shahjahanabad colloquially known as Old Delhi( Hindustani: ''Purāni Dillī'') is an area in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. It was founded as a walled city and officially named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan decided to shi ...

(i.e.

Old Delhi Shahjahanabad colloquially known as Old Delhi( Hindustani: ''Purāni Dillī'') is an area in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. It was founded as a walled city and officially named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan decided to shi ...

), where he was also brought up. At the age of 60 or 66, he moved to

Farrukhabad Farrukhabad is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of the Farrukhabad tehsil. This city is on the banks of river Ganges is from the national capital Delhi and from the state capital Lucknow. His ...

(with Nawab Bangash), and lived there from 1757 to about 1770. In A.H. 1185 (1771–72) he moved to the court of

Nawab of Awadh The Nawab of Awadh or Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers of Kingdom of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in northern India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty''Encyclopædia Iranica'', R. B. B ...

(then in

Faizabad Faizabad (Hindustani pronunciation: ɛːzaːbaːd is a city located in Ayodhya district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated on the southern bank of the River Saryu about 6.5 km from Ayodhya City, the district headquarter, ...

) and remained there until his death. When

Lucknow Lucknow () is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and the largest city of the List of state and union territory capitals in India, Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the epon ...

became the state capital, he came there with Nawab Shujauddaula''. He died in A.H. 1195 (1780–81) in Lucknow.

Ustads and shagirds

Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān 'Vidād' and

Shaikh Zahuruddin Hatim Shaikh Zahuruddin Hatim also known by the pen names of Shah Hatim or Hatim was an Urdu poet and an early exponent of the Delhi school of Urdu poetry. He lived in Delhi during the reign of Muhammad Shah. Career Hatim was born to Fatuddin in Delhi ...

were his ''

Ustad Ustad, ustadh, ustaz or ustadz (abbreviated as Ust., Ut. or Ud.; from Persian language, Persian ''ustād'') is an honorific title used in West Asia, North Africa, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is used in various languages, incl ...

s'' (teachers of Urdu poetry). King Shah Alam was ''Shagird'' (student of Urdu poetry) of Sauda. He was also Ustad of Shujauddaulla. Nawab Āṣif ud-Daulah gave him title of ''Malkushshu'ara'' and annual pension of Rs 6,000.

Works

Initially he composed in Persian, but switched to Urdu on the advice of his ustad, Ḳhān-e Ārzū. His work was translated in 1872 by Major Henry Court, Captain, Bengal Cavalry.

Kulliyat A ''kulliyyāt'' (from Arabic: ; ; ; ; ) is a collection of the poetry of any one poet. Kulliyat is one of the principal collection forms of Urdu poetry. Taken literally, the term signifies a complete collection of one author's poems, but in pr ...

of Sauda was compiled by Ḥakīm Sayyid Aṣlaḥ. ud-Dīn Ḳhān wrote the introduction. Sauda's works from his Kulliyat are: * Masnavi dar hajv-e hakim ghaus مثنوی در ھجوِ حکیم غوث * Masnavi dar hajv-e amir-a daulatmand bakhil مثنوی در ھجوِ امیرِ دولت مند بخیل * Masnavi dar ta'rif-e shikar مثنوی در تعریفِ شکار * Masnavi dar hajv-e pil rajah nripat singh مثنوی در ھجو پِل راجن نری پت سنگھ * Masnavi dar hajv-e sidi faulad khan kotval-e shahjahanabad مثنوی در ھجو سیدّی فولاد خان کوتوالِ شاجہان آباد * Masnavi dar hajv-e fidvi mutavatan-e panjab kih darasal baqal bachchah bud مثنوی در ھجو فدوی مُطاوِتانِ پنجاب کی دراصل بیقل بچاہ بد * Masnavi dar hajv-e chipak mirza faizu مثنوی در ھجو چپک مرزا فیضو * Qissah-e darvesh kih iradah-e ziyarat-e ka'bah kardah bud قصّہِ درویش کہ ارادہِ زیارتِ کعبہ کرد بد * Mukhammas-e shahr ashob مخاماصِ شہر آشوب * Qasidah dar madh-e navab vazir imad ul-mulk قصیدہ درمدہِ نواب وزیر عماد الملک

References

External links

Professor Nasim Ahmad's Books (a). Diwane-e-Ghazaliyat-e-Sauda and (b). Mutallaqate Sauda

Vinay Prajapati 'Nazar' Wordpress blog ''तख़लीक़-ए-नज़र''
– Expanding day by day
Muhammad Rafi Urdu Poetry
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sauda 1713 births 1781 deaths Poets from Delhi Indian Shia Muslims Urdu-language poets from India Indian male poets 18th-century Indian poets 18th-century male writers Poets from the Mughal Empire