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Mimoň () is a town in
Česká Lípa District Česká Lípa District () is a Okres, district in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Česká Lípa. Administrative division Česká Lípa District is divided into two Districts of the Czech Republic#Municipalities ...
in the
Liberec Region Liberec Region () is an administrative unit (Czech language, Czech: ''kraj'') of the Czech Republic, located in the northernmost part of its historical region of Bohemia. It is named after its capital Liberec. The region shares international bor ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 6,400 inhabitants.


Administrative division

Mimoň consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Mimoň I (3,345) *Mimoň II (237) *Mimoň III (566) *Mimoň IV (1,232) *Mimoň V (580) *Mimoň VI (25) *Srní Potok (11) *Vranov (105)


Etymology

The name is derived from the personal name Mimon, meaning "Mimon's". The German name ''Niemes'' was created by taking over the Czech name and gradually distorting it (through the forms ''Nimon, Niman, Nimans, Niemans'').


Geography

Mimoň is located about east of
Česká Lípa Česká Lípa (; ) is a town in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 37,000 inhabitants, making it the most populated Czech town without city status. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monume ...
and southwest of
Liberec Liberec (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is pr ...
. It lies in the
Ralsko Uplands The Ralsko Uplands () are highland, uplands and a Geomorphological division of the Czech Republic, geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the Liberec Region, Liberec, Ústí nad Labem Region, Ústí nad Labem and Centr ...
. The highest point is below
Ralsko Ralsko () is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. It comprises area of the former military training area with Hradčany Air Base. Ralsko is the fourth largest municipality ...
Mountain at above sea level. The town is situated at the confluence of the
Ploučnice The Ploučnice () is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Elbe River. It flows through the Liberec Region, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Region, Ústí nad Labem regions. It is long, making it the List of rivers of the Czech Repu ...
River and the stream Panenský potok. There is a system of four breeding fishponds in the municipal territory, Mimoň Ponds, fed by the Ploučnice.


History

The oldest archaeological finds from the area around Mimoň are from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. The first
Slavic Slavic, Slav or Slavonic may refer to: Peoples * Slavic peoples, an ethno-linguistic group living in Europe and Asia ** East Slavic peoples, eastern group of Slavic peoples ** South Slavic peoples, southern group of Slavic peoples ** West Slav ...
settlements appeared in the 5th century, later German colonists came.


14–17th centuries

The first written mention of Mimoň is from 1352, when it was a parish village. Mimoň was then mentioned in 1371 as a customs post on an old trading route from
Zittau Zittau (; ; ; ; ; Lusatian dialects, Upper Lusatian dialect: ''Sitte''; ) is the southeasternmost city in the Germany, German state of Saxony, and belongs to the Görlitz (district), district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost Districts of Germ ...
to
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
. At the time, the village was under the control of the Lords of Wartenberg. The economic development of Mimoň was affected by the
Hussite Wars The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, a ...
. In 1500, Mimoň was acquired by the Bieberstein family. In 1505, Mimoň was first referred to as a town. The Biebersteins had built here a manor house in 1570. During the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
, Mimoň was damaged by fire. In 1651, Mimoň was bought by the Putz of Adlersthurm family. During their rule, the town prospered. The family had most of the important buildings built: the church, the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre, the town hall, a hospital, a brewery, and had the manor house rebuilt into a castle.


18th and 19th century

In 1718, the town was inherited by the Hartig family, who owned it until 1945. In 1806, the town was almost completely destroyed by a fire. In 1836, a textile factory was established by master cloth maker Anton Schicketanz (1803–1866). After the Revolutionary events in 1848, Mimoň became part of the judicial district of Niemes for the Habsburg Crownland of Bohemia (and later for
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
). This district included 26 small villages in a large wooded area east of Mimoň such as Kuřívody, Hvězdov,
Hradčany Hradčany (; ), is the district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic surrounding Prague Castle. The castle is one of the biggest in the world at about in length and an average of about wide. Its history stretches back to the 9th century. St ...
, Vranov, Svébořice, Černá Novina, Strážov,
Stráž pod Ralskem Stráž pod Ralskem (until 1946 Vartenberk; ) is a town in Česká Lípa District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,800 inhabitants. Etymology The local castle was called Wartenberg (''Warte auf Berge'' meant "guard on th ...
and Olšina. In 1883, the first railway station of the
Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways The Imperial-Royal State Railways () abbr. ''kkStB'') or Imperial-Royal Austrian State Railways (''k.k. österreichische Staatsbahnen'',The name incorporating "Austrian" appears, for example, in the 1907 official state handbook (''Staatshandbuch'' ...
was completed in Mimoň. At the end of the 19th century, Mimoň had a furniture factory, cloth and cotton weaving companies, a tannery and a beer brewery. Agriculture and forestry was also practiced.


20th–21st centuries

After World War I and the
Dissolution of Austria-Hungary The dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a major political event that occurred as a result of the growth of internal social contradictions and the separation of different parts of Austria-Hungary. The more immediate reasons for the collapse of the ...
, Mimoň became part of newly created
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...
in late October 1918. German citizens in Mimoň protested until Czech soldiers entered the town to keep order. In 1930 the population was of Mimoň was over 6,000 of which over 5,000 people were German-speaking. With the rise of Nazism in Germany, so did German Nationalism through much of German-Bohemia. After the
Munich Agreement The Munich Agreement was reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, French Republic, and the Kingdom of Italy. The agreement provided for the Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–194 ...
in 1938, Mimoň was annexed by
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
and was administered as part of the
Reichsgau Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the ''Sudetenland'' territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. ...
. Some citizens of Mimoň became part of the paramilitary group ''
Sudetendeutsches Freikorps The (SFK) (Sudeten German Free Corps, also known as the , and ) was a paramilitary organization founded on 17 September 1938 in Germany on direct order of Adolf Hitler. The organization was composed mainly of ethnic German citizens of Czechoslo ...
'' who officially welcomed German Wehrmacht troops into the town on 10 October 1938. During the World War II, there was a military training camp of the
Hitler Youth The Hitler Youth ( , often abbreviated as HJ, ) was the youth wing of the German Nazi Party. Its origins date back to 1922 and it received the name ("Hitler Youth, League of German Worker Youth") in July 1926. From 1936 until 1945, it was th ...
in Mimoň. From 6 to 11 May 1945, during the Prague Offensive, Czechoslovakia was liberated by the Soviet Red Army and Czech freedom fighters. The Red Army bombed Mimoň by air and arrived in Mimoň on 10 May 1945. After World War II, most of the German population of Mimoň was expelled and the town was re-populated by Czechs. During the Cold War Era, Mimoň became a manufacturing hub for furniture, textiles as well as a Machine Tractor Station (state enterprise for maintaining agricultural machinery). In 2010, Mimoň was hit by a severe flood. Afterwards, the town made extensive repairs to its infrastructure.


Demographics


Transport

Mimoň is located on the
Liberec Liberec (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 108,000 inhabitants, making it the fifth largest city in the country. It lies on the Lusatian Neisse River, in a basin surrounded by mountains. The city centre is well preserved and is pr ...
Ústí nad Labem Ústí nad Labem (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 91,000 inhabitants and is the capital of the Ústí nad Labem Region. It is a major industrial centre and, besides being an active river port, is an important railway junction. ...
railway.


Sights

A church existed here already in the 12th century. The parish Church of Saints Peter and Paul was built on the site of the old church in the baroque style in 1661–1663. The tower was built in 1674 and the rectory in 1678. The town centre is formed by the 1. máje Square. A column with statue of the Virgin Mary was set up on the town square in 1677. The castle in Mimoň was used by the
Czechoslovak army The Czechoslovak Army (Czech and Slovak: ''Československá armáda'') was the name of the armed forces of Czechoslovakia. It was established in 1918 following Czechoslovakia's declaration of independence from Austria-Hungary. History In t ...
and fell into disrepair. By the 1980s, the castle was in ruins and was demolished in 1985. The only reminder of the castle still in existence is the Mimoň Castle Park and the castle pond.


Notable people

*
Louis Nerz Louis Nerz (1866 in Mimoň – 1938 in Vienna) was an Austrian screenwriter and actor. He is also credited as Ludwig Nerz. Selected filmography Screenwriter * ''Das grinsende Gesicht'' (1921) * ''The Venus'' (1922) * ''The Marquise of Clermont'' ( ...
(1867–1938), screenwriter and actor * Stefanie Rabatsch (1887–1975), Hitler's love interest * Rudolf Watzke (1892–1972), bass singer * Jaroslav Bureš (born 1954), lawyer and politician


Twin towns – sister cities

Mimoň is twinned with: *
Nová Baňa Nová Baňa (; ) is a town in the west of central Slovakia and the largest town of the Žarnovica District, located in the Banská Bystrica Region. Etymology The original name of Nová Baňa was Štiavnica - derived from the still existing spring ...
, Slovakia * Oelsnitz, Germany *
Złotoryja Złotoryja (; , ; Latin: ''Aureus Mons'', ''Aurum'') is a historic town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, the administrative seat of Złotoryja County, and of the smaller Gmina Złotoryja. Złotoryja is the first town in Pola ...
, Poland


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Mimon Populated places in Česká Lípa District Cities and towns in the Czech Republic