Margaret of Bohemia (; 1313–11 July 1341), also Margaret of Luxembourg (), was the daughter of John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia by his first wife,

Elizabeth of Bohemia Elizabeth Stuart (19 August 1596 – 13 February 1662) was Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Frederick V of the Palatinate. The couple's selection for the crown by the nobles of Bohemia was part of the po ...

Family

Margaret's maternal grandparents were

Wenceslaus II of Bohemia Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (; ; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1296–130 ...

and his first wife, Judith of Habsburg. Her paternal grandparents were,

Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII (German: ''Heinrich''; Vulgar Latin: ''Arrigo''; 1273 – 24 August 1313),Kleinhenz, pg. 494 also known as Henry of Luxembourg, was Count of Luxembourg, King of Germany ('' Rex Romanorum'') from 1308 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1312 ...

and his wife Margaret of Brabant. Her younger brother was crowned

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV (; ; ; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378''Karl IV''. In: (1960): ''Geschichte in Gestalten'' (''History in figures''), vol. 2: ''F–K''. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), also known as Charles of Luxembourg, born Wenceslaus (, ), was H ...

in 1349, and her other siblings included

Bonne of Luxembourg Bonne of Luxemburg or Jutta of Luxemburg (20 May 131511 September 1349), was born Jutta (Judith), the second daughter of King John of Bohemia, and his first wife, Elisabeth of Bohemia. She was the first wife of King John II of France; however, a ...

, wife of

John II of France John II (; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John the Good (French: ''Jean le Bon''), was King of France from 1350 until his death in 1364. When he came to power, France faced several disasters: the Black Death, which killed between a thir ...

; John Henry, Margrave of Moravia; and Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Austria, wife of Otto, Duke of Austria. When Margaret was about seventeen, her mother died. Her father decided to remarry, he married Beatrice of Bourbon. They had a son,

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg Wenceslaus I (also ''Wenceslas'', ''Venceslas'', ''Wenzel'', or ''Václav'', often called Wenceslaus of Bohemia in chronicles) (25 February 1337 – 7 December 1383) was the first Duke of Luxembourg from 1354. He was the son of John of Bohemi ...

, who succeeded his father in

Luxembourg Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembour ...

Marriage

She married Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria in

Straubing Straubing (; Central Bavarian: ''Strauwing'') is an independent city in Lower Bavaria, southern Germany. It is seat of the Districts of Germany, district of Straubing-Bogen. Annually in August the Gäubodenvolksfest, the second largest fair in Ba ...

on 12 August 1328. Her children with Henry XIV of Bavaria were: *

John I, Duke of Bavaria John I of Bavaria (29 November 1329 – 20 December 1340), was the Duke of Lower Bavaria since 1339. John I was the son of Henry XIV, Duke of Lower Bavaria, and Margaret of Bohemia. His maternal grandparents were John I of Bohemia and Elisabe ...

(1329–1340) * Henry of Wittelsbach (born 1330, died young). Henry XIV had conflicts with his co-regnants of Bavaria – his brother,

Otto IV, Duke of Lower Bavaria Otto IV (January 3, 1307 – December 14, 1334 in Munich) was a Duke of Lower Bavaria. Family He was a son of Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria and Jutta of Świdnica, Schweidnitz. His maternal grandparents were Bolko I, Duke of Jawor and Świdnica an ...

(died 1334), and his cousin,

Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria, as duke of Lower Bavaria also called Henry III, (28 August 1312 – 18 June 1333 in Natternberg near Deggendorf). Biography Henry was a son of Otto III, Duke of Bavaria and Agnes of Głogów (born 1293-96 – di ...

– regarding the partitioning of the Bavarian lands. This worsened the relationship between the emperor and Henry XIV, who allied with Margaret's father, John.

Widowhood

Some months after the reconciliation with Louis IV, in February 1339, Henry died from

leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a Chronic condition, long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the Peripheral nervous system, nerves, respir ...

. He was succeeded by his ten year old son, John I. With the death of Duke John I in 1340,

Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV (; 1 April 1282 – 11 October 1347), called the Bavarian (, ), was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328 until his death in 1347. 20 October 1314 imperial election, Louis' election a ...

inherited Lower Bavaria and then reunited the duchy of Bavaria. Margaret of Bohemia, as a member of the Luxemburg dynasty, was then driven by Louis from Bavaria. Her brother Charles forged plans to marry Margaret to

Casimir III the Great Casimir III the Great (; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, retaining the title throughout the Galicia–Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king fr ...

King of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

, but she refused the match as she was "overcome with grief" after the deaths of her husband and son. She died in 1341, before the marriage was supposed to take place.

Ancestors

References

{{Authority control House of Luxembourg Bohemian princesses 1313 births 1341 deaths 14th-century women from Bohemia 14th-century people from Bohemia 14th-century German nobility 14th-century German women Daughters of kings Mothers of Bavarian monarchs