Marco D'Aviano
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Mark of Aviano (), born Carlo Domenico Cristofori (November 17, 1631 – August 13, 1699) was an Italian Capuchin friar. In 2003, he was
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by Pope
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.


Life

Carlo Domenico Cristofori was born in
Aviano Aviano (; ) is a town and (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Pordenone at the foot of the Dolomites mountain range in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeast Italy. Aviano is home to the C.R.O. (''Centro di Riferimento Oncologico ...
, a small community in the
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(Italy). Educated at the Jesuit College in
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, at 16 he tried to reach the island of
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, where the Venetians were at war with the
Ottoman Turks The Ottoman Turks () were a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group in Anatolia. Originally from Central Asia, they migrated to Anatolia in the 13th century and founded the Ottoman Empire, in which they remained socio-politically dominant for the e ...
, in order to preach the Gospel and convert the Muslims to Christianity. On his way, he sought asylum at a Capuchin convent in Capodistria, where he was welcomed by the superior, who knew his family, and who, after providing him with food and rest, advised him to return home."Mark of Aviano (1631-1699)", Vatican News Service
/ref> Inspired by his encounter with the Capuchins, he felt that God was calling on him to enter their order. In 1648, he began his novitiate. A year later, he professed his vows and took his father's name, Marco, becoming Fra' Marco d'Aviano. On 18 September 1655, he was ordained a priest in
Chioggia Chioggia (; , ; ) is a coastal town and (municipality) of the Metropolitan City of Venice in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Geography The town is located on a small island at the southern entrance to the Venetian Lagoon about sou ...
. His ministry entered a new phase in 1664, when he received a licence to preach throughout the Republic of Venice and other Italian states, particularly during
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and
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. He was also given more responsibility when he was elected superior of the convents of
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in 1672, and Oderzo in 1674. His life took an unexpected turn in 1676, when he gave his blessing to a nun, bedridden for some 13 years: she was miraculously healed. The news spread far and wide, and it was not long before the sick, and many others from all social strata, began to seek him out. Among those who sought his help was
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, whose wife had been unable to conceive a male heir. From 1680 to the end of his life, Marco d'Aviano became a close confidant and adviser to him. As the danger of war with the Ottoman Turks grew near, Marco d'Aviano was appointed by
Pope Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI (; ; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death on 12 August 1689. Political and religious tensions with ...
as his personal envoy to the emperor. An impassioned preacher and a skillful mediator, Marco d'Aviano played a crucial role in resolving disputes, restoring unity, and energizing the armies of the Holy League, which included
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
,
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, and Venice, under the leadership of the Polish king Jan III Sobieski. In the decisive
Battle of Vienna The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarchy) and the Polish–Li ...
(1683), the Holy League succeeded in inflicting a defeat on the invading Ottoman Turks."Blessed Marco d’Aviano", Capuchin Franciscan Friars Australia
/ref> From 1683 to 1689, Marco participated in the military campaigns, playing a crucial role in promoting good relations within the Imperial army and encouraging the soldiers. He was present at the liberation of Buda in 1686 and at the siege of Belgrade in 1688. He always maintained a strictly religious spirit, to which any violence and cruelty were repugnant. As a result, at the siege of Belgrade several hundred Muslim soldiers successfully appealed to him personally, in order to avoid being massacred upon capture. With the campaigns over, Marco returned to pastoral work. In one of his private letters to the emperor, Marco actually scolds him quite forcefully for granting a benefit to one of his brothers, reminding him that, by so doing, he was only providing ammunition for the enemies of their cause. Marco d'Aviano died of cancer on August 13, 1699, in Vienna. He is buried in the Capuchin Church, in whose vault the Habsburg emperors are buried.


Veneration

Marco's cause was formally opened on 11 December 1912, granting him the title of
Servant of God Servant of God () is a title used in the Catholic Church to indicate that an individual is on the first step toward possible canonization as a saint. Terminology The expression ''Servant of God'' appears nine times in the Bible, the first five in ...
. He was later declared
Venerable ''The Venerable'' often shortened to Venerable is a style, title, or epithet used in some Christianity, Christian churches. The title is often accorded to holy persons for their spiritual perfection and wisdom. Catholic In the Catholic Churc ...
. Usually he is depicted in the act of preaching.


Honorary protection

Notable people who are baptised under protection of Marcus are: * Archduke Anton Karl Ludwig Georg Felix Marcus d'Aviano of Habsburg Lothringen. * Archduchess Adelheid Maria Josefa Sixta Antonia Roberta Ottonia Zita Charlotte Luise Immaculata Pia Theresia Beatrix Franciska Isabelle Henriette Maximiliana Genoveva Ignatia Marcus d'Aviano of Austria. * Archduke Felix Friedrich August Maria vom Siege Franz Joseph Peter Karl Anton Robert Otto Pius Michael Benedikt Sebastian Ignatius Marcus d'Aviano, Erzherzog von Österreich) * Carlos Felipe María Otón Lucas Marcos de Aviano Melchor de Habsburgo-Lorena y Arenberg * Archduke Karl Ludwig Maria Franz Joseph Michael Gabriel Antonius Robert Stephan Pius Gregor Ignatius Markus d'Aviano of Habsburg-Lothringen * Archduke Carl Christian Maria Anna Rudolph Anton Marcus d'Aviano of Austria. * Archduke Imre Emanuel Simeon Jean Carl Marcus d'Aviano of Austria * Archduke Christoph Henri Alexander Maria Marcus d'Aviano of Austria * Archduke Alexander Hector Marie Karl Leopold Marcus d'Aviano of Austria * Archduke Rudolf Syringus Peter Karl Franz Joseph Robert Otto Antonius Maria Pius Benedikt Ignatius Laurentius Justiniani Marcus d'Aviano von Habsburg-Lothringen. * Archduke Joannes Carlos Luis Clemente María José de Aviano Leopoldo de Habsburgo-Lorena (1962-1975) * Archduchess Elisabeth Charlotte Alfonsa Christina Theresia Antonia Josefa Roberta Ottonia Francisca Isabelle Pia Marcus d'Aviano van Oostenrijk * Archduke Lorenz Otto Carl Amadeus Thadeus Maria Pius Andreas Marcus d'Aviano * Archduke Amedeo Maria Joseph Carl Pierre Philippe Paola Marcus d'Aviano of Austria. * Archduke Joachim Carl Maria Nikolaus Isabelle Marcus d'Aviano of Austria. * Grand duke Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano of Luxembourg. * Prince Constantin Jean Philippe Marie Albert Marc d'Aviano of Nassau. * Prince Wenceslas François Baudoin Léopold Juraj Marie Marc d'Aviano of Nassau. * Prince Jean André Guillaume Marie Gabriel Marc d'Aviano of Nassau. * Prince Joachim Maria Nikolaus Isabelle Marcus d'Aviano of Belgium. * Prince Carl-Johan Félix Julien Marc d'Aviano of Nassau.


Media

In the 2012 Polish and Italian historical drama film '' The Day of the Siege: September Eleven 1683'' about the Battle of Vienna, Marco d'Aviano is portrayed by F. Murray Abraham.


Trivia

A popular myth says that
cappuccino Cappuccino (, ; from German ) is an espresso-based coffee drink traditionally prepared with steamed milk, including a layer of milk foam. Variations of the drink involve the use of cream instead of milk, using non-dairy milk substitutes ...
was named after him. According to legend, after the
Battle of Vienna The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarchy) and the Polish–Li ...
, "the Viennese reportedly found sacks of coffee abandoned by the enemy and, finding it too strong for their taste, diluted it with cream and honey. The drink being of a brown colour like that of the Capuchins' robes, the Viennese named it cappuccino in honour of Marco D'Aviano's order."


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Marco D'aviano 1631 births 1699 deaths People from the Province of Pordenone Italian beatified people Capuchins 17th-century venerated Christians Beatifications by Pope John Paul II Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II 17th-century House of Habsburg