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Western Bengali or Mānbhūmī Bengali (, ) is a local Bengali dialect spoken in the districts of Purulia, West Bardhaman, Western Bankura, Singhbhum and other adjacent areas of
This Bengali dialect is spoken in the Manbhum and
West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
and Jharkhand
Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north ...
, previously Manbhum and Dhalbhum
Dhalbhum was an estate in early modern period and British India, spread across the East Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand,Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part II, 1978 edition, p. 56, Prakash Bhaban western ...
regions in Bengal Presidency
The Bengal Presidency, officially the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal until 1937, later the Bengal Province, was the largest of all three presidencies of British India during Company rule in India, Company rule and later a Provinces o ...
. It is one of the Bengali dialects
The Bengali dialects ( ) or Bengali varieties ( ) are the varieties of the Bengali language, an Eastern Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-European language family, widely spoken in the Bengal region of South Asia. The spoken dialects of Benga ...
, having some influences of neighbouring dialects of Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
and Odia in it.
Manbhumi Bengali has a rich tradition of folk songs sung in various occasions. Tusu songs are sung by village girls during a month-long observance of Tusu festival in villages of Purulia and some parts of Barddhaman, Bankura
Bankura () is a city and a municipality in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Bankura district.
Etymology
It comes from the old Austric word ráŕhá or ráŕho which means “land of red soil”.P.R. Sarkar Rarh - ...
and Birbhum
Birbhum district () is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the northernmost district of Burdwan division—one of the five administrative divisions of West Bengal. The district headquarters is in Suri. Other impo ...
districts of West Bengal
West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
and parts of East Singhbhum
East Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand, India. It was created on 16 January 1990. More than 50% of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. It is known for being a centre of ind ...
, Saraikela Kharsawan, Bokaro, Dhanbad
Dhanbad is the second-most populated city in the Indian state of Jharkhand after Jamshedpur and a major financial hub of Jharkhand. In terms of economy, Dhanbad has the largest economy in the state of Jharkhand and it is often referred to as th ...
and Ranchi
Ranchi (; ) is the capital city and also the largest district by population of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern ...
districts of Jharkhand
Jharkhand (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in East India, eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north ...
. Bhadu songs, Karam songs, Baul
The Baul () are a group of mystic minstrels of mixed elements of Sufism and Vaishnavism from different parts of Bangladesh and the neighboring Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam's Barak Valley and Meghalaya. Bauls constitute bot ...
songs and Jhumar songs are also composed in Manbhumi Bengali. Manbhumi Bengali songs are used by Chhau performers of Purulia School to depict various mythological events. Chhau is one of the distinguished dance forms of this geographical region which has been accorded the status of Intangible cultural heritage
An intangible cultural heritage (ICH) is a practice, representation, expression, knowledge, or skill considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage. Buildings, historic places, monuments, and artifacts are cultural property. In ...
by UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
in 2009.
Phonology
Vowels
Consonants
Regional variation
This Bengali dialect is spoken in the Manbhum and Dhalbhum
Dhalbhum was an estate in early modern period and British India, spread across the East Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand,Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part II, 1978 edition, p. 56, Prakash Bhaban western ...
area and has its extended regional variants or subdialects throughout southern border area of Medinipur division of West Bengal, south eastern border of Kolhan division of Jharkhand.
::Ranchi
Ranchi (; ) is the capital city and also the largest district by population of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern ...
: æk loker du beţa rahe. (M)
:: Manbhum: æk loker duţa beţa chhilô. (M)
:: Pashchim Bardhaman district: kono loker duiţi chhele chhilo. (M)
::Dhalbhum
Dhalbhum was an estate in early modern period and British India, spread across the East Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand,Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part II, 1978 edition, p. 56, Prakash Bhaban western ...
/East Singhbhum
East Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand, India. It was created on 16 January 1990. More than 50% of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. It is known for being a centre of ind ...
: ek loker duţa chha chhilo. (M)
:: Baharagora/ Gopiballavpur: gotae noker duţa po thailaa. (M)
:: East Medinipur: gote loker duiţa toka thila. (M)
::Ranchi
Ranchi (; ) is the capital city and also the largest district by population of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern ...
: tumharman kahan jaatraho? (M)
:: Manbhum: tumhra kuthay jachho? (M)
:: Pashchim Bardhaman district: tumra kuthay jachchho? (M)
::Dhalbhum
Dhalbhum was an estate in early modern period and British India, spread across the East Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand,Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part II, 1978 edition, p. 56, Prakash Bhaban western ...
/East Singhbhum
East Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand, India. It was created on 16 January 1990. More than 50% of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. It is known for being a centre of ind ...
: tumhra kaai jachho? (M)
:: Baharagora/ Gopiballavpur: tumarkar kaai jaoţo ? (M)
:: East Medinipur: tumra kaai jaoţo? (M)
::Ranchi
Ranchi (; ) is the capital city and also the largest district by population of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern ...
: Chhaua ţa bes padhatrahe (M)
:: Manbhum: Chhana ţa bhalo padhchhe (M)
:: Pashchim Bardhaman district: Chhana ţa bhalo padhchhe (M)
::Dhalbhum
Dhalbhum was an estate in early modern period and British India, spread across the East Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand,Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', (in Bengali), part II, 1978 edition, p. 56, Prakash Bhaban western ...
/East Singhbhum
East Singhbhum is one of the 24 districts of Jharkhand, India. It was created on 16 January 1990. More than 50% of the district is covered by dense forests and mountains, where wild animals once roamed freely. It is known for being a centre of ind ...
: Chha ţa bhalo padhchhe? (M)
:: Baharagora/ Gopiballavpur: Chha ţa bhala padheţe? (M)
:: East Medinipur: Pila ţa bhala padhţe? (M)
There are two tribal languages, Kharia Thar and Mal Paharia, mainly spoken in Manbhum region of Bengal
Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...
and Jharkhand by some small tribes, are closely related to Western Bengali dialects, but are typically classified as separate languages.
See also
*Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
The Bengali Language Movement of Manbhum was a cultural and political movement that took place in the then Bihar Province from 1912 to 1956. Post independence, between 1948 and 1956, the Bengali nationalism, language movement spread intensely am ...
References
Sources
* * * * {{Bengali language Purulia district Bengali dialects Languages of West Bengal Bengali language in India