Lwówek Śląski (; formerly ''Lwów''; ) is a

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

in the

Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian Voivodeship (, ) in southwestern Poland, is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland, voivodeships (provinces) into which Poland is divided. It covers an area of and has a total population of 2,899,986. It is one of the wealthiest ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

. Situated on the Bóbr River, Lwówek Śląski is about NNW of

Jelenia Góra Jelenia Góra (; ; ) is a historic city in southwestern Poland, within the historical region of Lower Silesia. Jelenia Góra is situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, close to the Karkonosze mountain range running along the Polish-Czech bo ...

and has a population of about 9,000 inhabitants. It is the administrative seat of

Lwówek Śląski County Lwówek is a town in Nowy Tomyśl County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,961 inhabitants (2010). History Town rights were granted by King Władysław II Jagiełło. The town was known as Lwów, before the name was changed to the cu ...

and of the municipality

Gmina Lwówek Śląski Gmina Lwówek Śląski is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Lwówek Śląski, which lies approximately west of the regional capit ...

. Founded in the 13th century, it was granted town rights in 1217, which became a model of municipal rights for a number of towns in southern Poland, including

Cieszyn Cieszyn ( , ; ; ) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitants ( and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Repu ...

and

Oświęcim Oświęcim (; ; ; ) is a town in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, situated southeast of Katowice, near the confluence of the Vistula (''Wisła'') and Soła rivers. Oświęcim dates back to the 12th century, when it was an im ...

, and from 1281 to 1286 it was a local Ducal seat of the

Piast dynasty The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland. The first documented List of Polish monarchs, Polish monarch was Duke Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko I (–992). The Poland during the Piast dynasty, Piasts' royal rule in Pol ...

. Its prosperity came from the exploitation of gold and silver deposits, and after their depletion it was a center for cloth and linen making. Lwówek has also been a

brewing Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and #Fermenting, fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with Yeast#Beer, yeast. It may be done in a brewery ...

center since the 13th century. Lwówek Śląski is called the

Agate Agate ( ) is a banded variety of chalcedony. Agate stones are characterized by alternating bands of different colored chalcedony and sometimes include macroscopic quartz. They are common in nature and can be found globally in a large number of d ...

Capital of Poland, and hosts the annual Lwówek Agate Summer, the largest mineralogical event in Poland.

History

Middle Ages

The vicinity of present-day Lwówek Śląski, densely wooded and located on the inner side of the unsettled Silesian Przesieka within the

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

was gradually cleared and populated by

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

peasants in the first half of the 13th century during the ''

Ostsiedlung (, ) is the term for the Early Middle Ages, early medieval and High Middle Ages, high medieval migration of Germanic peoples and Germanisation of the areas populated by Slavs, Slavic, Balts, Baltic and Uralic languages, Uralic peoples; the ...

''. The town was founded by

Duke of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...

Henry the Bearded who designated it for an administrative centre in a previously uninhabited, borderline Polish–

Lusatia Lusatia (; ; ; ; ; ), otherwise known as Sorbia, is a region in Central Europe, formerly entirely in Germany and today territorially split between Germany and modern-day Poland. Lusatia stretches from the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers in the eas ...

n territory. In 1209 Henry granted it important privileges, such as rights to brew,

mill Mill may refer to: Science and technology * Factory * Mill (grinding) * Milling (machining) * Millwork * Paper mill * Steel mill, a factory for the manufacture of steel * Sugarcane mill * Textile mill * List of types of mill * Mill, the arithmetic ...

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

, and

hunt Hunting is the Human activity, human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, and killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to obtain the animal's body for meat and useful animal products (fur/hide (sk ...

within a mile from settlement. German colonists expanded upon the preexisting settlement and in 1217 it was granted

town rights Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...

by Henry the Bearded, as one of the first cities in Poland (

Opole Opole (; ; ; ) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia. With a population of approximately 127,387 as of the 2021 census, it is the capital of Opole Voivodeship (province) and the seat of ...

and

Racibórz Racibórz (, , , ) is a city in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland. It is the administrative seat of Racibórz County. With Opole, Racibórz is one of the historic capitals of Upper Silesia, being the residence of the Duchy of Racibórz, Du ...

received town rights that same year, earlier only

Złotoryja Złotoryja (; , ; Latin: ''Aureus Mons'', ''Aurum'') is a historic town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, the administrative seat of Złotoryja County, and of the smaller Gmina Złotoryja. Złotoryja is the first town in Pola ...

); its style of governance was duplicated by other local towns, such as

Bolesławiec Bolesławiec (pronounced , ) is a historic city situated on the Bóbr River in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Bolesławiec County, and of Gmina Bolesławiec, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Gm ...

, as ''Löwenberg Rights'' or ''Lwówek Śląski Rights''. In 1243 Duke Bolesław II Rogatka organized the first knight tournament in Poland in the town. The dukes then constructed a

castle A castle is a type of fortification, fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by Military order (monastic society), military orders. Scholars usually consider a ''castle'' to be the private ...

, documented for the first time in 1248. In the 13th century

Franciscans The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest conte ...

and

Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), is a Catholic military order. It was founded in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century and had headquarters there ...

settled in the town. As a result of the fragmentation of Poland, it was part of the

Duchy of Legnica The Duchy of Legnica (, ) or Duchy of Liegnitz () was one of the Duchies of Silesia, formed during the fragmentation of Poland into smaller provincial duchies, ruled by a local line of the Piast dynasty between 1248 and 1675. Its capital was Legni ...

from 1248, the Duchy of Jawor from 1274, from 1278 to 1286 it was the capital of an eponymous duchy under its only duke Bernard the Lightsome, who took the title of a Duke of Silesia and Lord of Lwówek, and afterwards it was again part of the Duchy of Jawor, which was soon included in the larger Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor, part of which it remained until its dissolution in 1392. In 1327 the town received the right to mint its own coin from Duke Henry I of Jawor, before

Wrocław Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...

. In 1329 it was one of the largest cities in

Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...

. In the 13th and 14th centuries distinctive landmarks of Lwówek were built, including the defensive walls with the Lubańska and Bolesławiecka towers, the town hall (later expanded) and the Gothic churches of St. Mary and of St. Francis. After the death of Duchess Agnes of Habsburg, the widow of Bolko II, the last Polish Piast Duke of

Świdnica Świdnica (; ; ) is a city on the Bystrzyca (Oder), Bystrzyca River in south-western Poland in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. As of 2021, it has a population of 55,413 inhabitants. It is the seat of Świdnica County, and also of the smaller dis ...

, the town with the duchy passed to the

Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia (), sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, medieval and History of the Czech lands, early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the pr ...

in 1392. Löwenberg's placement on a trade route allowed it to become one of the more prosperous towns in Bohemia. In 1469 it passed to

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

and in 1490 again to Bohemia, then ruled by Polish prince Vladislaus II Jagiellon, son of King

Casimir IV of Poland Casimir IV (Casimir Andrew Jagiellon; ; Lithuanian: ; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447 until his death in 1492. He was one of the most active Polish-Lithuanian rulers; under ...

. In 1498 Vladislaus II granted the coat of arms, still used today. The town remained under the rule of the

Jagiellonian dynasty The Jagiellonian ( ) or Jagellonian dynasty ( ; ; ), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty (), the House of Jagiellon (), or simply the Jagiellons (; ; ), was the name assumed by a cadet branch of the Lithuanian ducal dynasty of Gediminids upon recep ...

until 1526 when it passed with the Bohemian Crown to the

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

Modern era

During the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

, Löwenberg was devastated by Swedish and Imperial troops, especially between 1633 and 1643. By the

Peace of Westphalia The Peace of Westphalia (, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire ...

in 1648, the town was largely destroyed and had a decimated population of only hundreds. Löwenberg slowly recovered during its reconstruction, but began to prosper again after its acquisition by the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...

in 1741 during the

Silesian Wars The Silesian Wars () were three wars fought in the mid-18th century between Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia (under King Frederick the Great) and Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg Austria (under Empress Maria Theresa) for control of the Central European ...

. Troops of the

First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

occupied the town in May 1813. Polish writer

Aleksander Fredro Aleksander Fredro (20 June 1793 – 15 July 1876) was a Polish poet, playwright and Polish authors, author active during Romanticism in Poland, Polish Romanticism in the Partitions of Poland, period of partitions by neighboring empires. His works ...

joined the Napoleonic troops in the town. On August 21, 1813, the present-day district of Płakowice was the site of a battle, in which French and Polish troops defeated the Prussians, and

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

stayed in the town on August 21–23 while organizing his defenses against the Prussian troops of General Gebhard von Blücher. Following Macdonald's retreat after the

Battle of the Katzbach The Battle of the Katzbach on 26 August 1813, was a major battle of the Napoleonic Wars between the forces of the First French Empire under Marshal of France, Marshal Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald, MacDonald and a Imperial Russi ...

with Blucher, General Puthod's Division, including Vacherau's Brigade (The

Irish Regiment The Irish military diaspora refers to the many people of either Irish birth or extraction (see Irish diaspora) who have served in overseas armed forces, military forces, regardless of rank, duration of service, or success. Many overseas militar ...

, 134th & 143rd Regiments), became isolated from the rest of the army. The Bóbr River had risen out of its banks from the heavy rains and the bridges were underwater. The division had been reduced to six thousand men and twelve pieces of artillery. On the morning of 29 August, they reached the town of Lowenberg. It took up the best position it could find, on the narrow ridge above Płakowice, with its back to the river. All the bridges had been washed away and there was no possibility of constructing a bridge with the river flooding its banks on both sides. A combined Russian and Prussian Army of overwhelming superiority faced the Division but could only attack at the one narrow south-eastern end of the ridge. The battle began at 8:00 am and lasted until after 4:00 pm. When the Division had expended the last of its ammunition, the enemy attacked and overran its position. Most of the officers waded into the river and swam to the opposite shore. The riverbed itself was not terribly wide although the current was strong. They were able to wade about half the distance, swim a short way, and walk through the water to dry land. The total French casualties of killed, wounded, drowned and captured were more the 3,000. Löwenberg was included within the

Province of Silesia The Province of Silesia (; ; ) was a province of Prussia from 1815 to 1919. The Silesia region was part of the Prussian realm since 1742 and established as an official province in 1815, then became part of the German Empire in 1871. In 1919, as ...

after the 1814 Prussian administrative reorganization. Like the rest of the Kingdom of Prussia, the town became part of the

German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...

in 1871 during the

unification of Germany The unification of Germany (, ) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federalism, federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part). I ...

20th century

It became part of the Prussian

Province of Lower Silesia The Province of Lower Silesia (; Silesian German: ''Provinz Niederschläsing''; ; ) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945. Between 1938 and 1941 it was reunited with Upper Silesia as the Province of Silesia. The capita ...

after

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

. In the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

and during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

there was an economic recession. In the last days of

, the medieval center was 40% destroyed and numerous Gothic,

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...

, and

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

buildings were lost. After the German surrender, a time of oppression began for the German populace in their own hometown. More and more Polish arrived who took possession of the town. No Germans were allowed in the streets after dusk. Every Sunday, Germans were forced to public works. However, Germans were also not allowed to move westwards. Finally, on July 1, 1946, the Polish administration announced that all Germans were to be "repatriated" to diminished Germany and had to leave their homes. The town became part of Poland in accordance with the

Potsdam Agreement The Potsdam Agreement () was the agreement among three of the Allies of World War II: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union after the war ended in Europe that was signed on 1 August 1945 and published the following day. A ...

, first under its historic Polish name ''Lwów''. The town was repopulated by

Poles Pole or poles may refer to: People *Poles (people), another term for Polish people, from the country of Poland * Pole (surname), including a list of people with the name * Pole (musician) (Stefan Betke, born 1967), German electronic music artist ...

, some of whom were expelled from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, while some were settlers from war-devastated central Poland or former prisoners of German

Nazi concentration camps From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps (), including subcamp (SS), subcamps on its own territory and in parts of German-occupied Europe. The first camps were established in March 1933 immediately af ...

and forced labour camps. In 1946, the town was renamed to its other historic, but more modern, name ''Lwówek Śląski'', to distinguish it from Poland's lost city of

Lwów Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...

. Following the

Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...

, in 1953, Poland admitted 1,000 North Korean orphans in the present-day district of Płakowice, however, some were relocated to Szklarska Poręba and Bardo in the following years. Remaining children returned to North Korea in 1959.Sołtysik, p. 198 A memorial to

was unveiled in 2003.

Coat of arms

The

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

of Lwówek Śląski is a vertically divided shield depicting the red-white chessboard of the

Piasts in the sinister field and a right-facing crowned red

lion The lion (''Panthera leo'') is a large Felidae, cat of the genus ''Panthera'', native to Sub-Saharan Africa and India. It has a muscular, broad-chested body (biology), body; a short, rounded head; round ears; and a dark, hairy tuft at the ...

in the

dexter Dexter may refer to: People * Dexter (given name) * Dexter (surname) * Dexter (singer), Brazilian rapper Marcos Fernandes de Omena (born 1973) * Famous Dex, also known as Dexter, American rapper Dexter Tiewon Gore Jr. (born 1993) Places United ...

field.

Population

* Graph of population of the city of Lwówek Śląski, over the last 2 centuries: ImageSize = width:750 height:300 PlotArea = left:60 right:30 top:25 bottom:30 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = late Colors = id:linegrey2 value:gray(0.9) id:linegrey value:gray(0.7) id:cobar value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.8) id:cobar2 value:rgb(0.6,0.9,0.6) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:0 till:11000 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1000 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:500 start:0 gridcolor:linegrey2 PlotData = color:cobar width:22 align:left bar:1797 from:0 till:3928 bar:1816 from:0 till:3684 bar:1825 from:0 till:3552 bar:1840 from:0 till:3770 bar:1861 from:0 till:4628 bar:1871 from:0 till:4798 bar:1885 from:0 till:4720 bar:1905 from:0 till:5682 bar:1920 from:0 till:6319 bar:1941 from:0 till:6063 bar:1945 from:0 till:6238 bar:1950 from:0 till:3411 bar:1960 from:0 till:5517 bar:1970 from:0 till:6714 bar:1978 from:0 till:7776 bar:1988 from:0 till:9312 bar:1999 from:0 till:9249 bar:2000 color:cobar2 from:0 till:10045 bar:2006 from:0 till:9687 bar:2011 from:0 till:9462 bar:2016 from:0 till:8940 PlotData = textcolor:black fontsize:S bar:1797 at: 3928 text: 3,928 shift:(-14,5) bar:1816 at: 3684 text: 3,684 shift:(-14,5) bar:1825 at: 3552 text: 3,552 shift:(-14,5) bar:1840 at: 3770 text: 3,770 shift:(-14,5) bar:1861 at: 4628 text: 4,628 shift:(-14,5) bar:1871 at: 4798 text: 4,798 shift:(-14,5) bar:1885 at: 4720 text: 4,720 shift:(-14,5) bar:1905 at: 5682 text: 5,682 shift:(-14,5) bar:1920 at: 6319 text: 6,319 shift:(-14,5) bar:1941 at: 6063 text: 6,063 shift:(-14,5) bar:1945 at: 6238 text: 6,238 shift:(-14,5) bar:1950 at: 3411 text: 3,411 shift:(-14,5) bar:1960 at: 5517 text: 5,517 shift:(-14,5) bar:1970 at: 6714 text: 6,714 shift:(-14,5) bar:1978 at: 7776 text: 7,776 shift:(-14,5) bar:1988 at: 9312 text: 9,312 shift:(-14,5) bar:1999 at: 9249 text: 9,249 shift:(-14,5) bar:2000 at: 10045 text: 10,045 shift:(-14,5) bar:2006 at: 9687 text: 9,687 shift:(-14,5) bar:2011 at: 9462 text: 9,462 shift:(-14,5) bar:2016 at: 9115 text: 8,940 shift:(-14,5)

Climate

Culture and entertainment

Lwówek's Culture Centre

Lwówek's Culture Centre is located in Przyjaciół Żołnierza St. 5. In town's culture centre there are: * Cinema LOK; * Office of providers the cable TV; * Art gallery Kla-Tka; * Dance School Vega; * Music room; * School of painting and drawing.

City events

Every year in the second weekend of July takes place Lwóweckie Lato Agatowe. * In January – The Kings Parade in the Feast of Three Kings(06.01); * In March – Lwówek talent fest; * In April – Nationwide Orientation Fest (III round of Polish Cup); * In May – International canoeing trip on the Bóbr river; * In May – Turist rally name Henryk the Bearded; * In July – Lwówek Agat Summer; * In July – Lwówek motorcycle jamboree; * In September – Unusual Heritage Fairs - Napoleonic Picknic, Lower Silesian Festival Of Gifts Of The Forest; * In October – Lwówek Mineralogical Meeting; * In December – Christmas Fair, Santa Claus Run, Christmas nativity play.

Museums

The museums in Lwówek Śląski include: * Museum - historical facility in the town hall (Wolności Sq. 1); * Museum of the Brewery in the town brewery "Lwówek" (Traugutta St. 4). In the second weekend of July, when Lwówek Agat Summer lasts, visitors can access Lubańska Tower for views of the town.

Notable people

* Nikolaus von Reusner (1545–1602), jurist * Martin Moller (1547–1606), mystic * Georg Schultze (1599–1634), jurist * Esaias Reusner (1636–1679), lutist and composer * Franz Schmidt (1818–1853), preacher, representative in the

Frankfurt Parliament The Frankfurt National Assembly () was the first freely elected parliament for all German Confederation, German states, including the German-populated areas of the Austrian Empire, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848). The ...

in 1848, fled to Switzerland, then to St. Louis, MO, USA; founder of the German Lyceum there. *

Günther Klammt Günther, Guenther, Ginther, Gunther, and the variants Günter, Guenter, Guenther, Ginter, and Gunter, are Germanic names derived from ''Gunthere, Gunthari'', composed of '' *gunþiz'' "battle" (Old Norse '' gunnr'') and ''heri, hari'' "army". Gu ...

(1898–1971), major-general * Eberhard Zwirner (1899–1984), physician and phonetician * Stefan Hüfner (1935–2013), physicist * (born 1970), actor * Lucjan Błaszczyk (born 1974), table tennis player * Anna Rostkowska (born 1980), Polish Olympic athlete

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Lwówek Śląski.

Gallery

File:Lwówek Śląski, mury obronne z basztami (7).JPG, Defensive walls File:Lwówek Śląski, Kościół Wniebowzięcia NMP - fotopolska.eu (254351).jpg, Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary File:Lwówek Śląski, ratusz, wnętrza (7).JPG, Town hall interior File:Lwówek Ślaski Wieża kościoła ewangelickiego.JPG, The remaining tower of the Protestant Church File:Miłorząb we Lwówku 2.JPG, City park File:Plakowice-01.jpg,

Płakowice Castle File:Lwówek Śląski - Urząd Gminy 01.jpg, Gmina office

References

Citations

Sources

* *

External links

Official website
{{Authority control Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lwówek Śląski County Cities in Silesia Populated riverside places in Poland