Lutter am Barenberge is a

market town A market town is a settlement most common in Europe that obtained by custom or royal charter, in the Middle Ages, a market right, which allowed it to host a regular market; this distinguished it from a village or city. In Britain, small rura ...

(''Flecken'') and a former municipality in the Goslar district of

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony is a States of Germany, German state (') in Northern Germany, northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ' of the Germany, Federal Re ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. Since 1 November 2021, it is part of the town

Langelsheim Langelsheim () is a town in the Goslar (district), district of Goslar in Lower Saxony, Germany. Geography The municipality is situated between the river Innerste and its tributary the river Grane (river), Grane, on the northern edge of the Harz ...

, of which it is an ''

Ortschaft Ortschaft is a term in German speaking countries for a human settlement. In several states of Germany, it is also used for administrative subdivisions of municipalities. These have been defined in the '' Gemeindeordnung'' or ''Kommunalverfassung'' ...

''.Hauptsatzung der Stadt Langelsheim
§ 4, November 2021. It was the administrative seat of the former ''

Samtgemeinde A (, ; plural: ''Samtgemeinden'') is a type of administrative division in Lower Saxony, Germany. ''Samtgemeinden'' are local government associations of Municipalities of Germany, municipalities, equivalent to the ''Amt (administrative division) ...

'' ("collective municipality") Lutter am Barenberge

Geography

It is situated between the

Harz The Harz (), also called the Harz Mountains, is a highland area in northern Germany. It has the highest elevations for that region, and its rugged terrain extends across parts of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. The name ''Harz'' der ...

mountain range in the south and the Hainberg hills in the north, approx. 13 km (8 mi) northwest of

Goslar Goslar (; Eastphalian dialect, Eastphalian: ''Goslär'') is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the Goslar (district), district of Goslar and is located on the northwestern wikt:slope, slopes of the Harz ...

. The municipal area comprises the localities of Nauen and Ostlutter.

History

''Lutter'', named after a nearby creek, was founded by Emperor

Otto I Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), known as Otto the Great ( ) or Otto of Saxony ( ), was East Francia, East Frankish (Kingdom of Germany, German) king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973. He was the eldest son o ...

in 956 as a part of the Gandersheim Abbey estates within the

Duchy of Saxony The Duchy of Saxony () was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 CE and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804. Upon the 84 ...

. A

water castle A water castle, sometimes water-castle, is a castle which incorporates a natural or artificial body of water into its defences.Forde-Johnston (1979), p. 163. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbo ...

was first mentioned in 1259, leased by the Bishops of Hildesheim to local nobles. In various times, it was claimed by the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, but re-acquired by the Hildesheim bishops in 1323. Thereupon the denotation ''Bischofslutter'' appeared in order to differ it from nearby Königslutter. The name ''Lutter am Barenberge'' (i.e. the Harz mountains) is documented since the 14th century. In the fierce Hildesheim Diocesan Feud of 1523, Lutter was again conquered by Duke Henry V of Brunswick and the Hildesheim prince-bishop John IV of Saxe-Lauenburg could only retain the locality of Ostlutter. During the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

, the Danish troops under King Christian IV retired to Lutter Castle, where they were defeated by Imperial and

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

forces led by Count Tilly in the 1626

Battle of Lutter The Battle of Lutter (German language, German: ''Lutter am Barenberge'') took place on 27 August 1626 during the Thirty Years' War, south of Salzgitter, in Lower Saxony. A combined Danish-German force led by Christian IV of Denmark was defeated ...

, a rout that changed the course of the

. According to the Final Act of the

Vienna Congress The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon, Napol ...

, the former Hildesheim estates of Ostlutter in 1815 passed to the

Kingdom of Hanover The Kingdom of Hanover () was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Hanover, and j ...

(Prussian

Province of Hanover The Province of Hanover () was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1866 to 1946. During the Austro-Prussian War, the Kingdom of Hanover had attempted to maintain a neutral position, alo ...

from 1866), while Lutter proper remained with the

Duchy of Brunswick The Duchy of Brunswick () was a historical German state that ceased to exist in 1918. Its capital city, capital was the city of Braunschweig, Brunswick (). It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel ...

. Both parts were not re-united until an administrative reform of 1941.

Demographics

As of 30 June 2020 there were 2,296 inhabitants in the municipality Lutter am Barenberge, of which 1,583 in Lutter am Barenberge proper, 313 in Nauen and 400 in Ostlutter.

References

External links

* Notgeld (emergency banknotes) for the town of Lutter am Baranberge depicting Kin
Christian IV's retreat
after the Battle of Lutter. http://webgerman.com/Notgeld/Directory/L/Lutter.htm {{Authority control Goslar (district) Duchy of Brunswick