Lipník Nad Bečvou
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Lipník nad Bečvou (; ) is a town in
Přerov District Přerov District () is a district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the city of Přerov. Administrative division Přerov District is divided into three administrative districts of municipalities with extended competence: ...
in the
Olomouc Region Olomouc Region (; , ; ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (''Morava'') and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (''České Sl ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 8,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation.


Administrative division

Lipník nad Bečvou consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Lipník nad Bečvou I-Město (6,607) *Lipník nad Bečvou III-Nové Dvory (220) *Lipník nad Bečvou V-Podhoří (308) *Lipník nad Bečvou VI-Loučka (460) *Lipník nad Bečvou VII-Trnávka (115)


Geography

Lipník nad Bečvou is located about northeast of
Přerov Přerov (; ) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic city centre is we ...
and southeast of
Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...
. It lies in the
Moravian Gate The Moravian Gate (, , , ) is a geomorphological feature in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Upper Silesia region in Poland. It is formed by the depression between the Carpathian Mountains in the east and the Sudetes in the west. ...
lowland. A small northeastern part of the municipal territory extends into the
Nízký Jeseník Nízký Jeseník (, ) is a flat highland and Geomorphological division of the Czech Republic, geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the east of the country in the Olomouc Region, Olomouc and Moravian-Silesian Region, M ...
mountain range and contains the highest point of Lipník nad Bečvou, which is the hill Juřacka at above sea level. The town is situated on the right bank of the
Bečva The Bečva (; , ''Betsch'') is a river in the Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Morava River. It flows through the Olomouc and Zlín regions. It is formed by the confluence of the Vsetínská Bečva and Rožnovská Bečva rivers. Together ...
River.


History

The first written mention of Lipník is from 1238. It was a settlement on an important trade route that passed through the Moravian Gate and led to
Silesia Silesia (see names #Etymology, below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at 8, ...
. Between 1256 and 1266, Drahotuš Castle was founded on a nearby hill and Lipník became the economic centre of the newly established estate. King
John of Bohemia John of Bohemia, also called the Blind or of Luxembourg (; ; ; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting ...
bought Lipník probably from Duke Nicholas I and then sold the estate to the lords of Kravaře in 1325. The settlement prospered and developed because according to a deed from 1349, Lipník was already a rich town. During the rule of the lords of Kravaře, Lipník obtained various privileges. Lipník was owned by the lord of Sovinec in 1447–1467 and by the Kostka of Postupice family in 1467–1475. In 1475, the estate was bought by William II of Pernstein and attached to his extensive assets. In the 16th century, owned by the Pernsteins, Lipník experienced economic growth and general prosperity. The town fortifications were strengthened and guilds were established. The Jewish population was documented from 1454, a
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
quarter was formed in the first third of the 16th century at the latest. In 1580, Lipník was obtained by marriage by
Peter Vok of Rosenberg Peter Vok of Rosenberg (; 1 October 1539 – 6 November 1611) was a nobleman of the House of Rosenberg, descended from the Vítkovci. Rožmberk was a leading Protestant in the unsettled years before Battle of White Mountain. Life Peter Vok was ...
, but he was forced to sell it to the Bruntálský of Vrbno family in 1593. They had built a
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
castle here in 1609. The properties of the Bruntálský of Vrbno family were confiscated after
Bohemian Revolt The Bohemian Revolt (; ; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Bohemian Estates of the realm, estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War. It was caused by both religious and power dispu ...
, and the town was acquired by Cardinal
Franz von Dietrichstein Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein (, 22 August 1570 – 19 September 1636), was an Austrian nobleman and cardinal, member of an ancient House of Dietrichstein, was the 1st Prince of Dietrichstein, Archbishop of Olomouc, Governor ( Landeshauptman ...
. His house owned Lipník until 1858. In 1634, Franz von Dietrichstein invited the
Piarists The Piarists (), officially named the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools (), abbreviated SchP, is a religious order of clerics regular of the Catholic Church founded in 1617 by Spanish priest Joseph Calasanz ...
into the town. They operated here until 1884. The plague epidemic of 1623–1624 and the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
caused a significant decline in population and economic losses. The stagnation of the town lasted until the 1840s when the town gates and some bastions were demolished, the imperial road was relocated and, above all,
Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway The Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway (; ; ) was a railway company during the time of the Austrian Empire. Its main line was intended to connect Vienna with the salt mines in Bochnia near Kraków. The name is still used today in referring to a ...
was built. Lipník became an important transhipment point, which brought a new economic impetus. Large markets were held here and crafts developed. In the second half of the 19th century, the town became industrialized. A large fire in 1858 caused Neoclassical reconstructions in the town centre. From 1976 to 1990,
Bohuslávky Bohuslávky is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. Bohuslávky lies approximately north-east of Přerov, east of Olomouc, and east of Prague Prague ( ...
was a municipal part of Lipník nad Bečvou under the name Lipník nad Bečvou II-Bohuslávky. From 1976 to 1991,
Týn nad Bečvou Týn nad Bečvou (until 1949 Týn) is a municipality and village in Přerov District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. Týn nad Bečvou lies approximately north-east of Přerov, east of Olomouc, and east ...
was a municipal part of Lipník nad Bečvou under the name Lipník nad Bečvou IV-Týn nad Bečvou.


Demographics


Transport

The D1 motorway leading from Přerov to
Ostrava Ostrava (; ; ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 283,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rivers: Oder, Opava (river), Opa ...
bypasses the town in the north. The branch of the motorway, which continues as the D35 leading to Olomouc, separates from D1 on the municipal border. Lipník nad Bečvou is located on the international railway line
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
Púchov Púchov (; ) is an industrial town in the centre of Púchov District in Slovakia, with a population close to 18,000. Geography It is located on the main train line between Bratislava and Košice. It is halfway between Trenčín and Žilina, two ...
and on the regional line
Přerov Přerov (; ) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic city centre is we ...
Valašské Meziříčí Valašské Meziříčí (; ) is a town in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monum ...
.


Sights

Lipník nad Bečvou has a valuable historic core with highly preserved original layout. The town centre is formed by the T. G. Masaryk Square in the shape of the letter L, and its surroundings, delimited by fragments of the town fortifications. The town centre contains 109 houses, which are protected as cultural monuments. The town square is lined with Renaissance houses with arcades. The town hall was completely reconstructed in the Neoclassical style in 1851. In the middle of the square are two fountains from 1699 and 1859, and a Marian column from 1694. Next to the square is located the parish Church of Saint James the Great. This originally Gothic church was built before 1400. The tower, today high, was raised in 1596 and embellished with a Renaissance arcade gallery. In the 1760s, baroque modifications were made and also its contemporary interior was created. The separate
bell tower A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell to ...
next to the church dates from 1609. It is the only bell tower in
Moravia Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early ...
preserved in the original late Renaissance style. It contains three bells, including ''Jakub'' from 1464 and ''Michal'', which is one of the largest bells in Moravia. The Renaissance castle was reconstructed in Neoclassical style in the 1860s. Today it houses a part of the municipal office. The castle includes an English-style castle park, founded originally as a French formal garden in the mid-17th century. The terrace on the roof of the former stables is arranged as a garden. Next to the castle is located the former Piarist college from 1637–1641, and the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi from 1682–1687. The college is in poor condition and inaccessible; the church is used for cultural purposes. The large Jewish community is commemorated by several monuments, including the former
synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...
and two Jewish cemeteries. The synagogue was first mentioned in 1540 and was built shortly before that, together with the town walls. It is the second oldest preserved synagogue in the country. Today it serves as a prayer house of the
Czechoslovak Hussite Church The Czechoslovak Hussite Church (, ''CČSH'' or ''CČH''; ) is a Christian church that separated from the Catholic Church after World War I in former Czechoslovakia. Both the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and Moravian Church trace their tradition ...
.


Notable people

*
Yair Bacharach Rabbi Yair Chayim Bacharach (1638, Lipník nad Bečvou, Moravia — 1702; Hebrew: יאיר חיים בכרך, also known by his work Chavos Yair or Chavot Yair) was a German rabbi and major 17th century posek, who lived first in Koblenz and t ...
(1639–1702), German rabbi *
Gregor Mendel Gregor Johann Mendel Order of Saint Augustine, OSA (; ; ; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was an Austrian Empire, Austrian biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinians, Augustinian friar and abbot of St Thomas's Abbey, Brno, St. Thom ...
(1822–1884), Austrian biologist; studied here in 1833–1834 *
Wilhelm von Gutmann Wilhelm may refer to: People and fictional characters * William Charles John Pitcher, costume designer known professionally as "Wilhelm" * Wilhelm (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or surname Other uses * Wilhe ...
(1826–1895), Austrian businessman * Sigmund Friedl (1851–1914), Austrian philatelist * Emanuel Schreiber (1852–1932), Austrian rabbi and publicist * Bernhard Münz (1856–1919), Austrian writer and philosopher * Pavel Vranský (1921–2018), World War II pilot *
Jan Smolík Jan Smolík (born 24 December 1942) is a Czech former cyclist. His sporting career began with Dukla Brno. He competed at the 1964 Tokyo and 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics. He won the Peace Race The Peace Race (, , , (), , , , ) is a c ...
(born 1942), cyclist


Twin towns – sister cities

Lipník nad Bečvou is twinned with: *
Zdzieszowice Zdzieszowice (; , 1936–1945: ''Odertal O.S.''; ) is a town in Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudet ...
, Poland


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lipnik nad Becvou Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Přerov District Jewish communities in the Czech Republic