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Lipník nad Bečvou (; german: Leipnik) is a town in Přerov District in the
Olomouc Region Olomouc Region ( cs, Olomoucký kraj; , ; pl, Kraj ołomuniecki) is an administrative unit ( cs, kraj) of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (''Morava'') and in a small part of t ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. Th ...
. It has about 7,800 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.


Administrative parts

Lipník nad Bečvou is made up of five town parts and villages: *Lipník nad Bečvou I-Město *Lipník nad Bečvou III-Nové Dvory *Lipník nad Bečvou V-Podhoří *Lipník nad Bečvou VI-Loučka *Lipník nad Bečvou VII-Trnávka


Geography

Lipník nad Bečvou is located about northeast of
Přerov Přerov (; german: Prerau) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic centr ...
and southeast of
Olomouc Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on th ...
. It is situated on the right bank of the
Bečva The Bečva (; german: Betschwa, also ''Betsch'', ''Beczwa'') is a river in the Czech Republic. It is a left tributary of the river Morava. The Bečva is created by two source streams, the northern Rožnovská Bečva (whose valley separates the Mo ...
river. It lies in the Moravian Gate lowland. A small northeastern part of the municipal territory extends to the
Nízký Jeseník Nízký Jeseník (german: Niederes Gesenke, pl, Niski Jesionik) is a flat highland and geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located in the east of the country in the Olomouc and Moravian-Silesian regions. Nízký Jeseník is ...
mountain range and contains the highest point of Lipník nad Bečvou, which is the hill Juřacka at above sea level.


History

The first written mention of Lipník is from 1238. It was a settlement on an important trade route that passed through the Moravian Gate and led to
Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is spli ...
. Between 1256 and 1266, Drahotuš Castle was founded on a nearby hill and Lipník became the economic centre of the newly established estate. King
John of Bohemia John the Blind or John of Luxembourg ( lb, Jang de Blannen; german: link=no, Johann der Blinde; cz, Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King ...
bought Lipník probably from Duke Nicholas I and then sold the estate to the lords of Kravaře in 1325. The settlement prospered and developed because according to a deed from 1349, Lipník was already a rich town. During the rule of the lords of Kravaře, Lipník obtained various privileges. Lipník was owned by the lord of Sovinec in 1447–1467 and by the Kostka of Postupice family in 1467–1475. In 1475, the estate was bought by William II of Pernstein and attached to his extensive assets. In the 16th century, owned by the Pernsteins, Lipník experienced economic growth and general prosperity. The town fortifications were strengthened and guilds were established. The Jewish population was documented from 1454, a
Jew Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
ish quarter was formed in the first third of the 16th century at the latest. In 1580, Lipník was obtained by marriage by Peter Vok of Rosenberg, but he was forced to sell it to the Bruntálský of Vrbno family in 1593. They had built a
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass id ...
castle here in 1609. The properties of the Bruntálský of Vrbno family were confiscated after
Bohemian Revolt The Bohemian Revolt (german: Böhmischer Aufstand; cs, České stavovské povstání; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the Bohemian estates against the rule of the Habsburg dynasty that began the Thirty Years' War. It was caused by both reli ...
, and the town was acquired by Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein. His house owned Lipník until 1858. In 1634, Franz von Dietrichstein invited the
Piarists The Piarists (), officially named the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools ( la, Ordo Clericorum Regularium pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum), abbreviated SchP, is a religious order of clerics regular of the ...
into the town. They operated here until 1884. The plague epidemic of 1623–1624 and the
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battl ...
caused a significant decline in population and economic losses. The stagnation of the town lasted until the 1840s when the town gates and some bastions were demolished, the imperial road was relocated and, above all, Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway was built. Lipník became an important transhipment point, which brought a new economic impetus. Large markets were held here and crafts developed. In the second half of the 19th century, the town became industrialized. A large fire in 1858 caused Neoclassical reconstructions in the town centre.


Demographics


Transport

Lipník nad Bečvou has a station on the international railway
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
Olomouc Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on th ...
–Lipník nad Bečvou– Púchov. The railway station is also served by local lines to
Přerov Přerov (; german: Prerau) is a city in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 41,000 inhabitants. It lies on the Bečva River. In the past it was a major crossroad in the heart of Moravia in the Czech Republic. The historic centr ...
, Hranice and
Valašské Meziříčí Valašské Meziříčí (; german: Wallachisch Meseritsch) is a town in Vsetín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban mon ...
. The D1 motorway leading from Přerov to
Ostrava Ostrava (; pl, Ostrawa; german: Ostrau ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic, and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 280,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four ri ...
bypasses the town in the north. The branch of the motorway, which continues as the D35 leading to Olomouc, is located on the municipal border. The town also lies on the Kraków–Moravia–Vienna Greenway, a long distance cycling route.


Sights

Lipník nad Bečvou has a valuable historic core with highly preserved original layout. The town centre is formed by the T. G. Masaryk Square in the shape of the letter L, and its surroundings, delimited by fragments of the town fortifications. The town centre contains 109 houses, which are protected as cultural monuments. The town square is lined with Renaissance houses with arcades. The town hall was completely reconstructed in the Neoclassical style in 1851. In the middle of the square are two fountains from 1699 and 1859, and a Marian column from 1694. Next to the square is located the parish Church of Saint James the Great. This originally Gothic church was built before 1400. The tower, today high, was raised in 1596 and embellished with a Renaissance arcade gallery. In the 1760s, baroque modifications were made and also its contemporary interior was created. The separate bell tower next to the church dates from 1609. It is the only bell tower in
Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. Th ...
preserved in the original late Renaissance style. It contains three bells, including ''Jakub'' from 1464 and ''Michal'', which is one of the largest bells in Moravia. The Renaissance castle was reconstructed in Neoclassical style in the 1860s. Today it houses a part of the municipal office. The castle includes an English-style castle park, founded originally as a French formal garden in the mid-17th century. The terrace on the roof of the former stables is arranged as a garden. Next to the castle is located the former Piarist college from 1637–1641, and the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi from 1682–1687. The college is in poor condition and inaccessible; the church is used for cultural purposes. The large Jewish community is commemorated by several monuments, including the former synagogue and two Jewish cemeteries. The synagogue was first mentioned in 1540 and was built shortly before that, together with the town walls. It is the second oldest preserved synagogue in the country. Today it serves as a prayer house of the
Czechoslovak Hussite Church The Czechoslovak Hussite Church ( cs, Církev československá husitská, ''CČSH'' or ''CČH'') is a Christian church that separated from the Catholic Church after World War I in former Czechoslovakia. Both the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and Mor ...
.


Notable people

* Yair Bacharach (1639–1702), German rabbi *
Gregor Mendel Gregor Johann Mendel, OSA (; cs, Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was a biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brünn (''Brno''), Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel wa ...
(1822–1884), Austrian biologist; studied here in 1833–1834 * Wilhelm von Gutmann (1826–1895), Austrian businessman *
Sigmund Friedl Sigmund Friedl (1851, Lipník nad Bečvou, Moravia – 1914, Vienna) was one of the most famous Austrian philatelists. Toward the end of his life he defrauded stamp collectors by selling them forgeries. Sigmund Friedl's interest in postage ...
(1851–1914), Austrian philatelist *
Emanuel Schreiber Emanuel Schreiber (December 13, 1852, Lipník nad Bečvou, Moravia – March 1932, Chicago) was an American rabbi. Life Schreiber received his education at the Talmudical college of his native town, the rabbinical seminary at Eisenstadt, Hungary, a ...
(1852–1932), Austrian rabbi and publicist *
Bernhard Münz Bernhard Münz (1 February 1856 – 17 December 1919) was an Austrian writer, philosopher, and librarian. Biography He was born in Leipnik (now Lipník, Czech Republic) to Jewish parents Johanna () and Jakob Münz. His younger brother was journal ...
(1856–1919), Austrian writer and philosopher *
Pavel Vranský Brigadier General Pavel Vranský (29 April 1921 – 24 June 2018) was a Czech airman who served with the Royal Air Force during World War II. Vranský was born in Lipník nad Bečvou. After leaving school in 1939, he went to Poland, where he joi ...
(1921–2018), World War II pilot *
Jan Smolík Jan Smolík (born 24 December 1942) is a Czech former cyclist. His sporting career began with Dukla Brno. He competed at the 1964 Tokyo and 1968 Mexico City Summer Olympics. He won the Peace Race The Peace Race (german: Friedensfahrt, cs, ...
(born 1942), cyclist


Twin towns – sister cities

Lipník nad Bečvou is
twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...
with: *
Zdzieszowice Zdzieszowice (; german: Deschowitz, 1936–1945: ''Odertal O.S.''; szl, Źdźyszowicy) is a town in Krapkowice County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided i ...
, Poland


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Lipnik nad Becvou Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Přerov District Shtetls