Leonardo Náuhmitl López Luján (born 31 March 1964 in

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

) is an archaeologist and one of the leading researchers of pre-Hispanic Central Mexican societies and the history of archaeology in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

. He is director of the

Templo Mayor The (English: Main Temple) was the main temple of the Mexica people in their capital city of Tenochtitlan, Tenōchtitlan, which is now Mexico City. Its architectural style belongs to the late Mesoamerican chronology, Postclassic period of Me ...

Project in

's National Institute of Anthropology and History ( INAH) since 1991 and son of renowned historian Alfredo López Austin. He is fellow of El Colegio Nacional, the

British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...

, the Society of Antiquaries of London, the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid, the

American Academy of Arts & Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other F ...

, the Archaeological Institute of America, and the

Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres The () is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the . The academy's scope was the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy) and historical literature (see Belles-lettres). History ...

in Paris.

Education and professional life

López Luján received his bachelor's degree in archaeology from

National School of Anthropology and History National School of Anthropology and History (in Spanish (language), Spanish: ''Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, ENAH'') is a Mexican Institution of higher education founded in 1938 and a prominent center for the study of Anthropology ...

( ENAH), which he attended from 1983 to 1987 as a student of Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, who directed his thesis on the Offerings of the

Tenochtitlan , also known as Mexico-Tenochtitlan, was a large Mexican in what is now the historic center of Mexico City. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th annivers ...

(1990). In 1992 he pursued doctoral studies at the

Paris Nanterre University Paris Nanterre University (), formerly University of Paris West, Paris-X and commonly referred to as Nanterre, is a public research university based in Nanterre, Hauts-de-Seine, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It is one of the most pres ...

as a student of Jean-Claude Gardin, Michel Graulich, and Alain Schnapp. His dissertation, "Anthropologie religieuse du Templo Mayor, Mexico: La Maison des Aigles" (The Religious Anthropology of the Templo Mayor, Mexico: The House of Eagles), presented in 1998 under the direction of Pierre Becquelin and Michel Graulich, obtained the highest honors. During his academic career he has been a visiting research fellow at

Princeton University Princeton University is a private university, private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the List of Colonial ...

(1995), the Musée de l'Homme in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

(2002),

Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...

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(2006), and the Institut d'Études Avancées from Paris (2013-2014), and a visiting professor at the University of Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne (2000), the University of Rome–La Sapienza (2004 and 2016), the

École Pratique des Hautes Études École or Ecole may refer to: * an elementary school in the French educational stages normally followed by secondary education establishments (collège and lycée) * École (river), a tributary of the Seine flowing in région Île-de-France * Éco ...

(2011), and Francisco Marroquín University in

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

(2011). In INAH, he has been a full-time research professor at the Templo Mayor Museum since 1988 and part-time teaching professor at the National School of Conservation, Restoration, and Museography (ENCRYM) since 2000. He was president of the Mexican Society of Anthropology from 2003 to 2005 and has been a member of the administration council of the Société des Américanistes since 1999. He is currently a Level III Researcher in Mexico's National System of Researchers (SNI) and member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and the Mexican Academy of History. In recent times López Luján has been elected as an international fellow of the

(FBA), as an honorary fellow of the

Society of Antiquaries of London The Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL) is a learned society of historians and archaeologists in the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1707, received its royal charter in 1751 and is a Charitable organization, registered charity. It is based ...

(Hon FSA), as a foreign corresponding fellow of the

Real Academia de la Historia The Royal Academy of History (, RAH) is a Spanish institution in Madrid that studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, that is to say, the different branches of life, of c ...

in Madrid, as an honorary international fellow of the

, as a corresponding member of the

Archaeological Institute of America The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is North America, North America's oldest learned society and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology. AIA professionals have carried out archaeological fieldwork around the world and ...

, and as a foreign corresponding fellow of the

in Paris, recognizing his contributions to the field of Mesoamerican research. On November 5, 2018, López Luján was elected new member of El Colegio Nacional (The National College), a Mexican honorary academy that brings together the country's forty foremost artists and scientists. In 2025 López Luján was awarded the 2024 National Prize for Arts and Sciences in the History, Social Sciences, and Philosophy category, the highest distinction awarded by the Mexican federal government.

Research, fieldwork and museum exhibitions

His research has focused primarily on the religion, politics, and art of pre-Hispanic societies in Central Mexico. His scholarship has contributed to our knowledge of indigenous strategies of recovering the distant past, the coded language of buried offerings, the conceptualization of animals as cosmic emblems, the functions and symbolism of sacred architecture, the uses and meanings of Mexica sculpture, the application of materials science to the study of pre-Hispanic art and artifacts, iconoclastic activities in times of crisis, mother goddess cults, and sacrificial practices, among other areas. He has also ventured into the history of Mexican archaeology, achieving significant advances in the study of its origins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. López Luján began working in archeological, anthropological, and historical projects when he was eight years old. He has participated in various scientific teams in the Mexican federal entities of

Campeche Campeche, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Campeche, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, make up the Administrative divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. Located in southeast Mexico, it is bordered by the sta ...

Chiapas Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and large ...

, Distrito Federal,

Guanajuato Guanajuato, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato, is one of the 32 states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Guanajuato, 46 municipalities and its cap ...

, Estado de México,

Morelos Morelos, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos, is a landlocked state located in south-central Mexico. It is one of the 32 states which comprise the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into Mun ...

, and

Quintana Roo Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 administrative divisions of Mexico, federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into municipalities of ...

, and in

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

. The year 1980 was especially significant in his career, for he began working at INAH's

Project in the first (1978–1982) and second (1987) seasons of excavations in

's sacred precinct under the direction of Eduardo Matos Moctezuma. Eleven years later, in 1991, he became the director of the project and currently occupies this position. In this way, he has led the fourth (1991–1992), fifth (1994–1997), sixth (2004–2006), seventh (2007–2014), eighth (2014–2018), ninth (2018-2024), and tenth (2024- ) archaeological field seasons. As part of his research at the archaeological site of

Teotihuacan Teotihuacan (; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Teotihuacán'', ; ) is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, northeast of modern-day Mexico City. Teotihuacan is ...

, he co-directed with William L. Fash and Linda Manzanilla the Xalla Palace excavation project and also worked with Saburo Sugiyama and Rubén Cabrera on the Pyramid of the Moon Project. His own projects have been funded by INAH, the

University of Colorado at Boulder The University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder, CU, or Colorado) is a Public university, public research university in Boulder, Colorado, United States. Founded in 1876, five months before Colorado became a Federated state, state, it is the fla ...

, the

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, and

. With renowned colleagues he has curated major exhibitions, including "The Aztec World" at the

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, "Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler" at the

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, "El capitán Dupaix y su álbum arqueológico de 1794" (Captain Dupaix and his 1794 archaeological album) at the National Museum of Anthropology in

, as well as "Camino al Mictlan" (The Way to the Land of the Dead), "La Casa de las Águilas" (The House of Eagles), "Sacrificios de consagración en la Pirámide de la Luna" (Consecration Sacrifices at the Pyramid of the Moon), "Humo aromático para los dioses" (Aromatic Smoke for the Gods), and "Nuestra sangre, nuestro color: la escultura polícroma de Tenochtitlan (Our Blood, Our Color: Tenochtitlan's polychromed sculpture) at the Templo Mayor Museum.

Awards and fellowships

As an individual or leader of interdisciplinary teams

*The "''Diario de México''/ CONACYT Medal" for best student in

(1991). *" Eugene M. Kayden Humanities Book Award" from the

(1991). *The "Mexican Committee of Historical Sciences Prize" for best article (1992, 1996, and 2007). *"

Choice A choice is the range of different things from which a being can choose. The arrival at a choice may incorporate Motivation, motivators and Choice modelling, models. Freedom of choice is generally cherished, whereas a severely limited or arti ...

Outstanding Academic Book" (1994). *The "Alfonso Caso Award" from

's National Institute of Anthropology and History (1998 and 2016, and honorable mention in 1991). *"Social Sciences Research Award" from the Mexican Academy of Sciences (2000). *"Keynote Address at Convocation" at the 2009 Annual Conference of the

College Art Association The College Art Association of America (CAA) is the principal organization in the United States for professionals in the visual arts, from students to art historians to emeritus faculty. Founded in 1911, it "promotes these arts and their understan ...

(the only Latin American to receive this distinction in the association's history). *"Shanghai Archaeology Forum Research Award 2015",

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) is a Chinese state research institute and think tank. It is a ministry-level institution under the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The CASS is the highest academic institution and c ...

(his Great Temple Project is considered one of the ten best archaeological programs of the world in 2013–2015). *"Medal of Merit", Festival del Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México (2016). *"Top 10 Discoveries of the Year" of ''Archaeology Magazine'',

(2017, 2022, and 2023). *"Medal Fray Bernardino de Sahagún", Consejo Hidalguense de la Crónica and Gobierno del Estado de Hidalgo (2019). *"Crónica Award" in the field of culture (2019). *"Cátedra Latinoamericana Julio Cortázar", University of Guadalajara (2023). *The "Antonio García Cubas Scientific Book Award" from

's National Institute of Anthropology and History (2023). *"Medal 7 de Julio", Congreso Nacional de Patrimonio Mundial (2023). * "Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy", University of Copenhagen (2023). * "Chevallier de l'Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur", Republic of France (2024). * "National Prize for Arts and Literature in the History, Philosophy, and Social Sciences category", Goverment of Mexico (2024).

As an integrant of interdisciplinary teams

*"Best Reference Source", ''Library Journal'' (2001). *"Editor's Choice", ''Booklist'' (2001). *"Best Reference", New York Public Library (2001). *"Outstanding Academic Title", ''Choice: Current Reviews of Academic Books'' (2001 and 2017). *"1er Prix International du Livre d'Art Tribal", ''Tribal Art Magazine'' (2009). *"Shanghai Archaeology Forum Field Discovery Award 2013" (Moon Pyramid Project, Teotihuacan), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2013). *"Annual Book Award", Association for Latin American Art (2014). *"Premio Nacional de las Artes Gráficas", Unión de Empresarios de la Comunicación Gráfica (2016). *"Prix Spécial du Jury", 6e Festival International du Livre d'Art et du Film de Perpignan (2016). *"PROSE Award, Art Exhibitions Category", Association of American Publishers (2018). *"The Best of Art of 2017", ''The New York Times'' (2017). *"The Best of 2017", ''Hyperallergic'' (2017). *"The Best of 2018", ''The Washington Post'' (2018). *"AAMC Award for Excellence, Catalogue Award", The Association of Art Museum Curators (2018). *"Bank Note of the Year (2021) Award", International Bank Note Society (2022). *"ERC Advanced Grant", European Research Council (2024-2029). *Honorable mention of the "Miguel Covarrubias Award",

's National Institute of Anthropology and History (2024).

Fellowships and lectures

*The "Salvador Novo Fellowship" from the College of Mexico and the Mexican Writers Center (1985). *The "

Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Grant (money), grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon Guggenheim, Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon indiv ...

" from the

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation is a private foundation formed in 1925 by Olga and Simon Guggenheim in memory of their son, who died on April 26, 1922. The organization awards Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Gr ...

(

2000 2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...

). *"

Research Fellowship",

(2005–2006). *"Senior Fellow", Pre-Columbian Studies,

(2012–2014). *"Research Fellowship", Institute for Advanced Studies of Paris (2013–2014). *Distinguished Lectures at

Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...

, Stanford, Berkeley,

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Wellesley College Wellesley College is a Private university, private Women's colleges in the United States, historically women's Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1870 by Henr ...

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, the

, the Musée du quai Branly, the

Tokyo National Museum The or TNM is an art museum in Ueno Park in the Taitō wards of Tokyo, ward of Tokyo, Japan. It is one of the four museums operated by the , is considered the oldest national museum and the largest art museum in Japan. The museum collects, prese ...

, the De Young Museum, the San Antonio Museum of Art,

The Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...

, the

, the Shanghai Archaeology Forum, the Gran Teatro Nacional del Perú, the Casa de América, and the Fundación Juan March from Madrid.

Published works

Books and essays (author)

*''La recuperación mexica del pasado teotihuacano''
1989.
*''Nómadas y sedentarios: el pasado prehispánico de Zacatecas''
1989.
*''The Offerings of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan''
199319942005.
*''Xochicalco y Tula'', with Robert H. Cobean and Guadalupe Mastache
19951996.
*''Mito y realidad de Zuyuá'', with Alfredo López Austin
1999, 2017.
*''Viaje al mercado de México''
2000
2013. *''Mexico's Indigenous Past'', with Alfredo López Austin
1996199820012012
2014. *''Aztèques. La collection de sculptures du Musée du quai Branly'', with Marie-France Fauvet-Berthelot
2005.
*''La Casa de las Águilas'', 2 vols.
2006.
*''Tenochtitlan'', with Judy Levin
2006.
*''Breaking Through Mexico's Past'', with Davíd Carrasco and Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
20072007.
*''Escultura monumental mexica'', with Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
20092012
2019. *''Monte Sagrado/Templo Mayor: el cerro y la pirámide en la tradición religiosa mesoamericana'', with Alfredo López Austin
2009
2012. *''Tlaltecuhtli''
2010.
*''El capitán Guillermo Dupaix y su álbum arqueológico de 1794''
2015.
*''Arqueología de la arqueología: ensayos sobre los orígenes de la disciplina en México'', 2017, 2019. * ''Pretérito pluscuamperfecto: visiones mesoamericanas de los vestigios arqueológicos. Lección inaugural de El Colegio Nacional'', 2019. * ''Los primeros pasos de un largo trayecto: la ilustración de tema arqueológico en la Nueva España del siglo XVIII. Discurso de ingreso de la Academia Mexicana de la Historia'', 2019. * ''El ídolo sin pies ni cabeza: la Coatlicue a finales del México virreinal'', 2020. * ''El pasado imaginado: arqueología y artes plásticas en México (1440-1821)'', 2021. * ''Los muertos viven, los vivos matan: Mictlantecuhtli y el Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan'', 2021. * ''Arqueología mexicana: sus orígenes y proyecciones'', with Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, 2024. * ''Xcalumkín, historia de un centro maya puuc, Tomo 2: Excavaciones, materiales e interpretaciones'', written by Pierre Becquelin y Dominique Michelet, with the contribution of Rodolfo Ávila, Eric Taladoire, Marie-Charlotte Arnauld, Leonardo López Luján, Julie Patrois, Sara Dzul Gongora, Grégory Pereira, Chloé Andrieu y Daniel Salazar Lama, Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, 2025.

Books, catalogs, and journals (editor)

*''Atlas histórico de Mesoamérica'', with Linda Manzanilla
1989.
*''Historia antigua de México'', 4 vols., with Linda Manzanilla
1994–19952000–2001
2014. *''Camino al Mictlan'', with Vida Mercado
1997.
*''La Casa de las Águilas: reconstrucción de un pasado'', with Luis Barba
2000.
*''Gli Aztechi tra passato e presente'', with Alessandro Lupo and Luisa Migliorati
2006.
*''Sacrificios de consagración en la Pirámide de la Luna'', with Saburo Sugiyama
2006.
*''Arqueología e historia del Centro de México. Homenaje a Eduardo Matos Moctezuma'', with Davíd Carrasco and Lourdes Cué
2006.
*''Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler'', with Colin McEwan
20092010.
*''The Art of Urbanism: How Mesoamerican Kingdoms Represented Themselves in Architecture and Imagery'', with William L. Fash
20092012.
*''El sacrificio humano en la tradición religiosa mesoamericana'', with Guilhem Olivier
2010.
*''Humo aromático para los dioses: una ofrenda de sahumadores al pie del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan''
2012
2014. *''El oro en Mesoamérica'', special issue of ''Arqueología Mexicana'', 2017. *''Nuestra sangre, nuestro color: la escultura polícroma de Tenochtitlan'', 2017. *''Al pie del Templo Mayor de Tenochtitlan: estudios en honor de Eduardo Matos Moctezuma'', with Ximena Chávez Balderas, 2 vols., 2019. *''La arqueología ilustrada americana: la universalidad de una disciplina'', with Jorge Maier Allende, 2021. * ''Eduardo Matos Moctezuma: ochenta años'', 2021. * ''Los animales y el recinto sagrado de Tenochtitlan'', with Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, 2022. * ''Ancient Mexico: Maya, Aztec, and Teotihuacan. Exhibition Catalogue'' (in Japanese), with Saburo Sugiyama and Takeshi Inomata, 2023. * ''Mexica: Des dons et des dieux au Templo Mayor'', with Fabienne de Pierrebourg and Steve Bourget, 2024. * ''Mexico-Tenochtitlan: Dynamism at the Center of the World'', with Barbara E. Mundy and Elizabeth Hill Boone, 2025.

Notes

References

Leonardo López Luján, ''Curriculum vitae''

External links

Works by Leonardo López Luján
in libraries (

WorldCat WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the O ...

catalog)
Leonardo López Luján with Alfredo López Luján: Publications, papers, and awardsLeonardo López Luján, "The Great Temple Project"Leonardo López Luján, "El Proyecto Templo Mayor (1991-2017)"Leonardo López Luján, Proyecto Templo Mayor's YouTube Channel, videos

Leonardo López Luján, El Colegio Nacional's YouTube Channel, videosTemplo Mayor Museum, official site

Mesoamerican Archive and Research Project, Harvard UniversityA.R. Williams, "Pyramid of Death", ''National Geographic Magazine'', October 2006Stefan Lovgren, "Aztec Temple found in Mexico City", ''National Geographic News'', October 5, 2006Johanna Tuckman, "Aztec Temple Found in Mexico City", ''American Archaeology'', Summer 2008Robert Draper, ''National Geographic Magazine'', November 2010
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez Lujan, Leonardo 1964 births Living people 20th-century Mexican historians Mexican archaeologists Mexican anthropologists 21st-century Mexican historians Mexican Mesoamericanists Historians of Mesoamerica Mesoamerican archaeologists Scholars of the Aztecs Teotihuacan scholars 20th-century Mexican archaeologists 21st-century archaeologists 20th-century Mesoamericanists 21st-century Mesoamericanists Corresponding fellows of the British Academy Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Corresponding members of the Real Academia de la Historia University of Paris alumni Members of El Colegio Nacional (Mexico) Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres National Prize for Arts and Sciences (Mexico)