Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts)
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Lawrence Academy at Groton is a private,
nonsectarian Nonsectarian institutions are secular institutions or other organizations not affiliated with or restricted to a particular religious group. Academic sphere Many North American universities identify themselves as being nonsectarian, such as B ...
,
co-educational Mixed-sex education, also known as mixed-gender education, co-education, or coeducation (abbreviated to co-ed or coed), is a system of education where males and females are educated together. Whereas single-sex education was more common up to ...
college-preparatory A college-preparatory school (often shortened to prep school, preparatory school, college prep school or college prep academy) is a type of secondary school. The term refers to public, private independent or parochial schools primarily design ...
boarding school located in
Groton, Massachusetts Groton is a town in northwestern Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, within the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 11,315 at the 2020 census. An affluent bedroom community roughly 45 miles from Boston, Groton has a ...
. Founded in 1792 as Groton Academy and chartered in 1793 by Governor
John Hancock John Hancock ( – October 8, 1793) was an American Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot (American Revolution), Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving Presi ...
, Lawrence is the tenth-oldest boarding school in the United States and the third-oldest in Massachusetts, following
The Governor's Academy The Governor's Academy (informally known as Governor's or Govs) is a co-educational, college-preparatory day and boarding school in Byfield, Massachusetts. Established in 1763 in memory of Massachusetts governor William Dummer, Governor's is ...
(1763) and
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at Andover (1778). Notable alumni include
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president James Walker,
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CEO
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, federal judge Robert H. Terrell, and the founders of
Gallaudet University Gallaudet University ( ) is a private federally chartered university in Washington, D.C., for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing. It was founded in 1864 as a grammar school for both deaf and blind children. It was the first school ...
, the
University of Kansas The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital ...
and
Lawrence University Lawrence University is a Private college, private liberal arts college and Music school, conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second colle ...
.


History


Early center of learning

On April 27, 1792, fifty residents of the towns of Groton and Pepperell formed an association to raise funds for a "Publick School ... in Groton, for the education of youth, of both sexes—in which School are taught the English, Latin and Greek Languages, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, the Art of Speaking and Writing, with Practical Geometry, and Logic."''The Jubilee of Lawrence Academy at Groton'', Standard Steam Presses, 1855. The founders of the new Groton Academy included prominent citizens Oliver Prescott, Zabdiel Adams, Samuel Dana, and Timothy Bigelow. Samuel Lawrence also contributed funds, thus beginning the school's longstanding relationship with the Lawrence family. The academy is the third-oldest boarding school in Massachusetts. It received its corporate charter in 1793 and a state-funded endowment (11,520 acres of land in Maine) in 1797. Its primary purpose was to educate students from the surrounding region; at the time, Groton was the second-largest town in Middlesex County and the center of the local economy. Although some students came from as far away as North Carolina, the school remained committed to its local base. From 1793 to 1848, thirteen families supplied one out of every six students. In the days before compulsory education, enrollment was unstable and only a small portion of students attended college. Schoolmasters rarely stayed for longer than two years; the first ( Samuel Holyoke) stayed for less than a year. Even so, Groton Academy developed a strong reputation. Between 1801 and 1870, it sent approximately fifty students to
Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate education, undergraduate college of Harvard University, a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Part of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Scienc ...
, making it one of Harvard's top twelve feeder schools. Turnover at the top meant that several notable individuals taught at Groton Academy after graduating from college, including Asahel Stearns, the co-founder of
Harvard Law School Harvard Law School (HLS) is the law school of Harvard University, a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1817, Harvard Law School is the oldest law school in continuous operation in the United ...
, and William Merchant Richardson, the future chief justice of the
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. Alumni in the early years included James Walker, president of
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
;
John Prescott Bigelow John Prescott Bigelow (August 25, 1797 – July 4, 1872) was an American politician, who served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Secretary of State of Massachusetts, and most prominently as the twelfth mayor of Boston ...
, mayor of Boston; James Gordon Carter, a pioneer in tax-funded public schools; and Nehemiah Cutter, a co-founder of the
American Psychiatric Association The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. It has more than 39,200 members who are in ...
. In addition, in 1879, when the academy was already a mature institution, Lawrence Academy admitted its first black graduate, Robert H. Terrell. Terrell would later become the third black graduate of Harvard, the first black honors graduate of Harvard, and the first black federal judge.


Lawrence family patronage

On February 28, 1846, the Massachusetts legislature granted the Groton Academy board's request to rename the institution to Lawrence Academy at Groton in recognition of the generosity of the children of Samuel Lawrence, all eight of whom had attended the academy. In 1838, brothers
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and William Lawrence—by now wealthy Boston merchants and investors—began their lengthy patronage of the academy, when Amos contributed a gift of "books and philosophical apparatus," followed in 1839 by "a telescope and Bowditch's translation of '' Mécanique Céleste'' by
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," and $2,000 for enlarging the schoolhouse in 1842.''Financial History of Lawrence Academy'', John Wilson & Son, Cambridge, Mass., 1895. In 1844, William donated $10,000 to the endowment "for the advancement of education for all coming time." By 1850, Amos had donated an entire library's worth of books to the academy (2,400 of its 2,650 books).''Catalogue of the Library of Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass. 1850'', S.J. Varney, Lowell, Mass., 1850 Over the course of their lives, Amos and William Lawrence donated nearly $65,000 in cash, scholarships, and property to the school (around $2.6 million in 2024 dollars). In addition, their brothers Luther and Samuel (the younger) both served as president of the board of trustees. The Lawrences' funds also helped the academy establish close ties with prominent liberal arts schools, including
Williams College Williams College is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim ...
, which historically catered to New England's "older provincial elite." The gifts of the Lawrence brothers established twelve scholarships for Lawrence Academy graduates to attend Williams,
Bowdoin College Bowdoin College ( ) is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Brunswick, Maine. It was chartered in 1794. The main Bowdoin campus is located near Casco Bay and the Androscoggin River. In a ...
in Maine, and
Wabash College Wabash College is a private liberal arts men's college located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. Founded in 1832, by a group of Dartmouth College graduates and Midwestern leaders, the institution was originally named "The Wabash Teachers Seminary an ...
in Indiana (four each). Franklin Carter, president of
Williams College Williams College is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim ...
, was the guest speaker at the academy's 90th anniversary celebration in 1883.


Modernization

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Lawrence Academy's future was jeopardized by religious disputes. Groton's population was divided between trinitarian
Congregationalists Congregationalism (also Congregational Churches or Congregationalist Churches) is a Reformed Christian (Calvinist) tradition of Protestant Christianity in which churches practice congregational government. Each congregation independently a ...
(often
Evangelicals Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of the Christian g ...
) and Unitarians, and the Unitarians outnumbered the trinitarians. At the time, Lawrence Academy's board of trustees was heavily Evangelical, and board members suspected that Unitarians in town were trying to deter local students from attending the academy. (Despite the academy's reliance on local students, its charter required "a majority of trustees obe non-residents of Groton.") In the 1850s and 1880s, the town of Groton sought to make Lawrence Academy a public high school under town control, but the trustees rejected both proposals. In 1860, the town opened Groton High School, providing the first secular alternative to Lawrence Academy. In addition, in 1884, the now-
Episcopalian Anglicanism, also known as Episcopalianism in some countries, is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protes ...
Lawrence family helped establish
Groton School Groton School is a Private school, private, college-preparatory school, college-preparatory, day school, day and boarding school located in Groton, Massachusetts, United States. It is affiliated with the Episcopal Church (United States), Episcop ...
, an Episcopal boarding school, which periodically attempted to convert its neighbor to Anglicanism. Enrollment bottomed out at 26 students in 1889. In 1899, Lawrence Academy reinvented itself as a traditional college-preparatory boarding school. It raised tuition to $430 (it was $200 fifteen years earlier) and revised the curriculum to focus on college entrance examinations. It stopped admitting girls, and it prioritized boarding students over day students. The school remained formally nonsectarian, but the new principal was the son of an Episcopal priest. Anglicisms such as "Third Form" (freshmen) and "headmaster" (principal) were briefly imported, though later discarded. During this period, the academy endured a long stretch of financial difficulties and shut down twice. The academy first closed from 1869 to 1871 after its schoolhouse burned down during a Fourth of July celebration; it cost $24,000 to replace (nearly $600,000 in 2024). It closed again from 1898 to 1899 while it converted into an all-male high school, at the expense of its first female principal, Kate Mann, hired just one year earlier. Although the academy returned to financial health in the 1940s, the campus burned down again in 1956. The academy resumed co-education in 1971. Improved fundraising in the 1980s and 1990s, including an $8 million capital campaign, significantly improved the academy's financial health. Today, Lawrence Academy's student body is both heavily local and heavily international. 58% of students are day students. A quarter of the boarding students (12%) come from abroad. The academy enrolled 424 students in the 2021–22 school year, of whom 306 (72.2%) were white, 49 (11.6%) were Asian, 26 (6.1%) were black, 16 (3.8%) were Hispanic, 1 (0.2%) was Native American, 1 (0.2%) was Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and 25 (6.0%) were multiracial; the national survey in question required each student to choose only one category.


Athletics

Lawrence Academy's athletic teams compete in the Independent School League. The academy has educated many notable athletes.


Ice hockey

* Laurie Baker, 1998 Olympic gold medalist; 1992 silver medalist * Jim Campbell *
Greg Crozier Gregory T. Crozier (born July 6, 1976) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left wing. His father was Joe Crozier, who coached in the National Hockey League and American Hockey League. Playing career He played college hockey for the Mi ...
, two-time NCAA champion * Doug Friedman * Steve Heinze, played on the 1992 U.S. Olympic team * Vic Heyliger, head coach at the
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; six-time NCAA champion in 1948, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956 (most all-time); U.S. Hockey Hall of Fame inductee *
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, played on the 1984 U.S. Olympic team * Rand Pecknold, head coach at
Quinnipiac University Quinnipiac University ( ) is a private university in Hamden, Connecticut, United States. The university grants undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. It also hosts the Quinnipiac University Polling Institute. History What became ...
; NCAA champion in 2023 * Jeff Serowik * Sam Colangelo, current forward for the
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Basketball

* Shabazz Napier, two-time NCAA champion * Richard Roby * Antoine Wright


Other

* Jonah Bayliss (baseball) * Tyler Beede (baseball) * Guillermo Cantú (soccer) * A. J. Dillon (football) * Cynthia Ryder (rowing)


Notable alumni

*
Tim Armstrong Timothy Ross Armstrong (born November 25, 1965) is an American musician, songwriter and record producer. Known for his distinctive voice, he is the singer/guitarist for the punk rock band Rancid (band), Rancid and hip hop/punk rock supergroup T ...
— class of 1989, chairman and CEO of
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* William Bancroft — 1st president of the
Boston Elevated Railway The Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) was a Tram, streetcar and rapid transit railroad operated on, above, and below, the streets of Boston, Massachusetts and surrounding communities. Founded in 1894, it eventually acquired the West End Street R ...
, member of
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and mayor of
Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...
* Charles Beecher — minister, composer of hymns, and author * Henry Adams Bullard — U.S. Representative from Louisiana 1831-1834 and 1850–1851 * Richard Burgin — author, editor of ''
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'' * Karyn Bryant — television personality; MTV VJ,
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anchor *
Bruce Crane Robert Bruce Crane (October 17, 1857CRAIG, (Robert) Bruce
in ''
Crane & Co.; member of the
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* James Dana — 5th mayor of
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* Rhoda A. Esmond - philanthropist, temperance leader * Eric Gaskins — fashion designer based in New York City *
Samuel Abbott Green Samuel Abbott Green (March 16, 1830 – December 5, 1918) was an American physician-turned-politician from Massachusetts who served as a medical officer during the American Civil War and as mayor of Boston in 1882. He was an elected member of th ...
— physician, librarian, historian, and 28th
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* Donald L. Harlow
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* Edward D. Hayden — U.S. Representative from
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* Frederick "Moose" Heyliger — World War II paratrooper featured in ''Band of Brothers'' * Chase Hoyt — film, television, and stage actor *
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— 8th
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and founder of Gallaudet College for the deaf * Abbott Lawrence
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, Minister to Great Britain, founder of Harvard University's Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences * Amos Adams Lawrence — abolitionist, politician, founder of the
University of Kansas The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital ...
and
Lawrence University Lawrence University is a Private college, private liberal arts college and Music school, conservatory of music in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States. Founded in 1847, its first classes were held on November 12, 1849. Lawrence was the second colle ...
* Amos Lawrence — industrialist; philanthropist * Charles H. Mansur — member of the
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from
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* Cat Marnell — writer * Julie Mason — newspaper and radio journalist *
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musician * Albert E. Pillsbury — President of the Massachusetts State Senate and
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*
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— 29th
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and Chief Justice of the
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*
Maria Rodale Maria Rodale is an American businesswoman and author who served as chief executive officer and chairman of Rodale, Inc., an Emmaus, Pennsylvania-based publisher of health, wellness, and environmental content. She is the third generation of the Roda ...
— publisher; chairman and CEO of
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* Ether Shepley — politician; Senator from
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from 1833 to 1835, Chief Justice of the
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1848–1855 *
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— television attorney * Huntley N. Spaulding — philanthropist; Governor of
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from 1927 to 1929 * Charles Warren Stone — politician; Congressman and Lieutenant Governor from
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* Frank Bigelow Tarbell — historian, archeologist and professor at
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*
George Makepeace Towle George Makepeace Towle (August 27, 1841 – August 9, 1893) was an American lawyer, politician, and author. He is best known for his translations of Jules Verne's works, in particular his 1873 translation of ''Around the World in Eighty Days''. ...
— lawyer, politician, and author * Dr. James WalkerUnitarian minister and 21st president of
Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
* William B. Washburn — Governor of
Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
from 1872 to 1874, U.S. Representative from 1863 to 1871, U.S. Senator from 1874 to 1875 * William Channing Whitney — architect


Notable faculty

* Samuel Adams Holyoke — first headmaster * Robert V. Bruce — 1988 winner of the
Pulitzer Prize for History The Pulitzer Prize for History, administered by Columbia University, is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It has been presented since 1917 for a distinguished book about the histor ...
* Brian Feigenbaum — founder of
Food Not Bombs Food Not Bombs (FNB) is a loose-knit group of independent collectives, sharing free, usually vegan and vegetarian food with others. The group believes that corporate and government priorities are skewed to allow hunger to persist in the midst of ...


References


Further reading

*


External links

*
The Association of Boarding Schools profile

Lawrence Academy
profile at Petersons.
Gibbet Hill
history. {{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence Academy At Groton 1793 establishments in Massachusetts Boarding schools in Massachusetts Buildings and structures in Groton, Massachusetts Co-educational boarding schools Education in Groton, Massachusetts Educational institutions established in 1793 Independent School League National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts Private high schools in Massachusetts Private preparatory schools in Massachusetts School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts High schools in Middlesex County, Massachusetts