''L'histoire de Manon'', generally referred to as ''Manon'', is a

ballet Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread and highly technical form of ...

choreographed by

Kenneth MacMillan Sir Kenneth MacMillan (11 December 192929 October 1992) was a British ballet dancer and choreographer who was artistic director of the Royal Ballet in London between 1970 and 1977, and its principal choreographer from 1977 until his death. Ea ...

to music by

Jules Massenet Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic music, Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty. The two most frequently staged are ''Manon'' (1884 ...

and based on the 1731 novel '' Manon Lescaut'' by Abbé Prévost. The ballet was first performed by

The Royal Ballet The Royal Ballet is a British internationally renowned classical ballet company, based at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London, England. The largest of the five major ballet companies in Great Britain, the Royal Ballet was founded ...

in London in 1974 with

Antoinette Sibley Dame Antoinette Sibley (born 27 February 1939) is a British prima ballerina. She joined the Royal Ballet from the Royal Ballet School in 1956 and became a soloist in 1960. She was celebrated for her partnership with Anthony Dowell. After her re ...

and

Anthony Dowell Sir Anthony James Dowell (born 16 February 1943) is a retired British ballet dancer and a former artistic director of the Royal Ballet. He is widely recognized as one of the great ''danseurs nobles'' of the twentieth century. Early life and tr ...

in the leading roles. It continues to be performed and recognised internationally.

Background

Kenneth MacMillan had been thinking about choreographing a ballet about the story of Manon Lescaut for some time. Three years into his artistic directorship of The Royal Ballet, he wanted to create a large-scale operatic ballet that would provide exciting roles both for the company's principal dancers and the ''

corps de ballet In ballet, the ''corps de ballet'' (; French language, French for "body of the little dance") is the group of ballet dancer, dancers who are not principal dancers or Soloist (ballet), soloists. They are a permanent part of the ballet company and ...

''.Parry, p. 428 On the last night of the company's summer season in 1973, MacMillan left a copy of Prévost's novel in

's dressing room, with a note informing her that it would "come in handy for March 7, '74". As the copy of ''Manon Lescaut'' was in a double volume with the novella ''Carmen'' by Prosper Mérimée, Sibley asked

to find out which story was to be turned into a ballet, while she performed onstage in '' The Sleeping Beauty''. MacMillan began choreographing ''Manon'' during the 1973–74 season. He left the title character open to differing dancer interpretations, but was himself sympathetic to her poverty, believing that it was her desire to escape this that underpinned her decisions. MacMillan used the designs of Nicholas Georgiadis, which reflected the "precarious division between opulence and degradation" with "the stench of poverty ever-present". The ballet's narrative structure is based on that of MacMillan's earlier ''Romeo and Juliet'', with hero and heroine meeting each other as young innocents and their love being revealed through a series of ''

pas de deux In ballet, a ( French, literally "step of two") is a dance duet in which two dancers, typically a male and a female, perform ballet steps together. The ''pas de deux'' is characteristic of classical ballet and can be found in many well-known ...

''. Critical responses to the opening night performance were mixed. ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...

'' newspaper stated, "Basically, Manon is a slut and Des Grieux is a fool and they move in the most unsavoury company", while the '' Morning Star'' described the ballet as "an appalling waste of the lovely Antoinette Sibley, who is reduced to a nasty little diamond digger". The opening night audience gave the ballet a standing ovation.

Synopsis

Act I – Paris
Scene 1 – ''The courtyard of an inn near Paris''
The courtyard at the inn is frequented by actresses, gentlemen and the

demimonde is a French 19th-century term referring to women on the fringes of respectable society, and specifically to courtesans supported by wealthy lovers. The term is French for "half-world", and derives from an 1855 play called , by Alexandre Dumas ...

from Paris. Among them are des Grieux, a young student, the wealthy Monsieur GM, and Lescaut, who is there to meet his sister Manon on her way to enter a convent. A coach arrives bringing Manon and an old gentleman who has been very much attracted to her. Lescaut notices this and takes the gentleman into the inn to come to an arrangement with him over Manon. Manon remains outside and meets des Grieux. They fall in love and decide to escape to Paris with the help of the money that she has stolen from the old gentleman. Lescaut and the old gentleman come out of the inn, having made a bargain, and to their dismay see that Manon has disappeared. Monsieur GM tells Lescaut that he too is interested in Manon and because of this wealth Lescaut promises to find Manon and persuade her to accept GM. Scene 2 – ''Des Grieux's lodgings in Paris''
Des Grieux is writing a letter to his father but Manon interrupts by declaring her love for him. Des Grieux goes to post the letter and in his absence Lescaut arrives with Monsieur GM. Manon yields to GM's advances and when des Grieux returns, Lescaut persuades him that there will be great wealth for all of them if he, des Grieux, will sanction the liaison between Manon and GM. Act II
Scene 1 – ''A party at the hotel particulier of Madame''
Manon arrives at the party given by Monsieur GM and is clearly torn between the wealth of her companion and her love for des Grieux, who is also there with Lescaut. Des Grieux tries to persuade Manon to leave with him but she tells him that the time is not right and only will be when he takes more of Monsieur GM's money at cards. Des Grieux is caught cheating and he and Manon rush away. Scene 2 – ''Des Grieux's lodgings''
Manon and des Grieux once again declare their love for one another but Monsieur GM arrives with the police and Manon is arrested as a prostitute. In the ensuing struggle Lescaut is killed. Act III – New Orleans
Scene 1 – ''The port''
The gaoler of the penal colony awaits the arrival of the convicts from France. Manon has been deported to America as a prostitute and des Grieux has followed her there by pretending to be her husband. The gaoler now turns his interest towards Manon. Scene 2 – ''The gaoler's room''
The gaoler has arrested Manon but offers her rewards in the hope that she will desert des Grieux and live with him. Des Grieux, however, breaks in and kills the gaoler. Scene 3 – ''The swamp''
Manon and des Grieux have escaped into the swamp of Louisiana. All her former ambitions of wealth and splendour have been renounced for her love for des Grieux. While eluding their pursuers, Manon collapses and dies in his arms.

Music in ''L'histoire de Manon''

MacMillan chose not to use music from Massenet's opera ''

Manon ''Manon'' () is an ''opéra comique'' in five acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Henri Meilhac and Philippe Gille, based on the 1731 novel '' L'histoire du chevalier des Grieux et de Manon Lescaut'' by the Abbé Prévost. It was f ...

'', instead selecting other well-known pieces by the same composer such as ''Elegie'' and '' Méditation''. The music, originally chosen arranged and partially orchestrated by the British composer Leighton Lucas (with help from Royal Ballet pianist Hilda Gaunt) and re-orchestrated by the conductor Martin Yates in 2011, draws on thirteen operas and two oratorios as well as Massenet's orchestral suites, various mélodies and piano works.

Act I

* "Le dernier sommeil de la Vierge" from '' La Vierge'' * "Entr'acte: Manola" from '' Chérubin'' * Aubade: "Vive amour" from ''Chérubin'' * "Scènes dramatiques: Scène finale" (second theme) * "Scènes pittoresques: Marche" * "Scènes dramatiques: Prélude et Divertissement" (second theme) * Overture to '' Le Cid'' * "Crépuscule" (song) * "Entr'acte: Idylle" from '' Grisélidis'' * "Scènes dramatiques: Prélude et Divertissement" (third theme) * Ballet: No. 4 (Allegretto) from '' Thaïs'' * "Lament d'Ariane" from '' Ariane'' * "Élégie" from '' Les Érinnyes'' * "Les moulins" from '' Don Quichotte'' * "Marche des Princesses" from '' Cendrillon'' * "Le sommeil de Cendrillon" from ''Cendrillon'' * "Ouvre tes yeux bleus" (song) * "Les filles de noblesse" from ''Cendrillon'' * ''Valse très lente'' (piano work, later orchestrated by Massenet) * "Scènes dramatiques: Prélude et Divertissement" (first theme)

Act II

* "Scènes alsaciennes: Au cabaret" * "Danses: Chaldéennes" from ''

Cléopâtre ''Cléopâtre'' is an opera in four acts by Jules Massenet to a French libretto by Louis Payen. It was first performed at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo on 23 February 1914, nearly two years after Massenet's death. ''Cléopâtre'' is one of three o ...

'' * "Crépuscule" (song) * "Danses: Scythes" from ''Cléopâtre'' * "Chanson de Capri" (song) * "Scènes pittoresques: Air de ballet" * Nocturne from '' La Navarraise'' * "Divertissement: Valse" from '' Le roi de Lahore'' * "Élégie" from ''Les Érinnyes'' * "Valse des esprits" from ''Grisélidis'' * Prélude to Part Two of ''

Ève Ève is a French given name, the counterpart to the English name Eve and the Latinate Eva. Notable people with this name include: People * Ève Angeli, French musician * Ève Bazaiba, a member of the Movement of the Liberation of the Congo * Ève ...

'' * Aria: "Il partit au printemps" from ''Grisélidis''

Act III

* Introduction to Act One of ''Don Quichotte'' * Chanson: "En Avignon, pays d'amour" from ''Grisélidis'' * "Crépuscule" (song) * "Malédiction" from ''Ève'' * Improvisation No.3 from 7 Improvisations for Piano * Introduction to Act One of ''Don Quichotte'' * "Aria de Pandolfe" from ''Cendrillon'' * Aria: "Il partit au printemps" from ''Grisélidis'' * "Valse des esprits" from ''Grisélidis'' * "Élégie" from ''Les Érinnyes'' * "L'extase de la Vierge" from ''La Vierge''

Original cast

Antoinette Sibley and Anthony Dowell were selected by MacMillan to create the roles of Manon and Des Grieux. The first performance was at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 7 March 1974, with the following cast: *

– Manon *

– Des Grieux * David Wall – Lescaut * Monica Mason – Lescaut's mistress *

Derek Rencher Derek Rencher (6 June 1932 – 20 December 2014) was a British ballet dancer. A commanding figure among Royal Ballet character dancers for more than four decades, he was probably the most prolific performer in the company's history. Early life a ...

– Monsieur GM * David Drew – Gaoler Jennifer Penney and Wayne Eagling led the second cast late in the month.Percival, John. "Manon", ''The Times'', 14 March 1974, p. 15

Notes

References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Histoire De Manon, L' Ballets by Kenneth MacMillan Ballets to the music of Jules Massenet 1974 ballets Ballets created for The Royal Ballet Adaptations of works by Antoine François Prévost Ballets based on novels Ballets set in swamps Ballets set in Paris Ballets set in New Orleans