Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (, ; ; 1635 – 3 November 1676) was an
Ottoman nobleman and statesman, who belonged to the renowned
Köprülü family Köprülü may refer to:
People
* Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin
** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü fa ...
of
Albanian
Albanian may refer to:
*Pertaining to Albania in Southeast Europe; in particular:
**Albanians, an ethnic group native to the Balkans
**Albanian language
**Albanian culture
**Demographics of Albania, includes other ethnic groups within the country ...
origin, which produced six
grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire.
Life
He was born into the
Köprülü family Köprülü may refer to:
People
* Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin
** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü fa ...
, the son of
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (, , ; or ''Qyprilliu'', also called ''Mehmed Pashá Rojniku''; 1575, Roshnik,– 31 October 1661, Edirne) was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and founding patriarch of the Köprülü political dynasty. He helped ...
and Ayşe Hatun (Hanım), daughter of Yusuf Ağa. His father was an Ottoman general of ''
devshirme
Devshirme (, usually translated as "child levy" or "blood tax", , .) was the Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects and raising them in the religion of Islam ...
'' origin who in 1656 became
Grand Vizier
Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Soko ...
, while his mother was the daughter of a notable originally from
Kayacık, a village of
Havza in
Amasya
Amasya () is a city in northern Turkey, in the Black Sea Region. It was called Amaseia or Amasia in antiquity."Amasya" in ''Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol ...
. His maternal grandfather was a ''voyvoda'' (tax-farmer)
who built a bridge in Kadegra, that because of this was renamed Köprü, where his father Mehmed was stationed, and to which the Köprülü family owes its name.
He served as
grand vizier
Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Soko ...
from 1661 to 1676 after he inherited the title from his father. Prior to this appointment, he served in
Ottoman Syria
Ottoman Syria () is a historiographical term used to describe the group of divisions of the Ottoman Empire within the region of the Levant, usually defined as being east of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the Euphrates River, north of the Ara ...
as the Ottoman governor of the
Damascus Eyalet
Damascus Eyalet (; ) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was . It became an eyalet after the Ottomans took it from the Mamluks following the 1516–1517 Ottoman–Mamluk War. By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan ...
(1660 to 1661) and the
Erzurum Eyalet (1659 to 1660).
He was dubbed ''Fazıl'', meaning "wise" (from the
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
''fazilet'', meaning "wisdom"), for reducing taxation and promoting education. On the other hand, he was brutal in war. He led the
Ottoman Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922.
Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...
in the
Austro-Turkish War (1663–64) in which he intended to subdue
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
and to finally conquer
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
itself. At the beginning of July 1664, he succeeded in destroying the fortress of
Novi Zrin in the northern part of the
Kingdom of Croatia after nearly a month-long
siege
A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict charact ...
. Although defeated in the
Battle of Saint Gotthard, he was able to gain territory by the
Peace of Vasvár in 1664.
Following this treaty, he concentrated on the
Cretan War and captured
Candia The name Candia can refer to:
People
* The House of Candia, a noble family from Savoy (14th-16th)
* Alfredo Ovando Candía, 56th president of Bolivia
* Antoinette Candia-Bailey, American academic administrator
* Cecilia Maria de Candia, British-It ...
(present-day
Heraklion
Heraklion or Herakleion ( ; , , ), sometimes Iraklion, is the largest city and the administrative capital city, capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion (regional unit), Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in G ...
) from the
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...
in 1669. At the end of the
Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
The Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676 was fought by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire. It ended with the Treaty of Żurawno, by which the Commonwealth ceded control of most of its territories in Central Ukraine to the O ...
against the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (), was a federation, federative real union between the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ...
, he signed the
Treaty of Buchach
The Treaty of Buchach was signed on 18 October 1672 in Buczacz (Buchach) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had been unable to raise a suitable army, on the one side and the Ottoman Empire o ...
in 1672 and the
Treaty of Żurawno
The Treaty of Żurawno (; ; ) was signed on 17 October 1676 in the town of Żurawno (or ''İzvança'', as it was called during the Ottoman occupation of Podolia), in the aftermath of the Battle of Żurawno.
The treaty, signed by the Polish–Lit ...
in 1676.
Contemporary European observers frequently remarked upon the
atheist
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there no ...
ic tendencies of Fazıl Ahmed's inner circle of courtiers, and particularly those of Fazıl Ahmed himself. Nevertheless, his exact religious views remain unknown.
Fazıl Ahmed Pasha died on November 3, 1676, from complications resulting from his lifestyle of heavy drinking.
See also
*
Köprülü family Köprülü may refer to:
People
* Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin
** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü fa ...
*
Köprülü era
The Köprülü era () (c. 1656–1703) was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of grand viziers from the Köprülü family. The Köprülü era is sometimes more narrowly defined as the period fr ...
of the Ottoman Empire
*
List of Ottoman grand viziers
The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire ( or ''Sadr-ı Azam'' (''Sadrazam''); Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish: or ) was the ''de facto'' prime minister of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute p ...
*
List of Ottoman governors of Damascus
This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present.
:''General context: History of Damascus''.
Aram Damascus
* Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
* Tabrimmon
*Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC)
*Hadadezer (c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC)
*Hazael (c. ...
References
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koprulu, Fazil Ahmed
1635 births
1676 deaths
Fazil Ahmed
Albanian grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
People from Vezirköprü
Koprulu, Fazil Ahmed
People of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–64)
Albanian Pashas
Ottoman governors of Damascus
Ottoman people of the Cretan War (1645–1669)
17th-century Albanian people