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Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (, , ; or ''Qyprilliu'', also called ''Mehmed Pashá Rojniku''; 1575, Roshnik,– 31 October 1661, Edirne) was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and founding patriarch of the Köprülü political dynasty. He helped rebuild the power of the empire by rooting out corruption and reorganizing the Ottoman army. As he introduced these changes, Köprülü also expanded the borders of the empire, defeating the Cossacks, the Hungarians, and most impressively, the Venetians. Köprülü's effectiveness was matched by his reputation. Biography Early life He was born in the village of Roshnik in the Sanjak of Berat, Albania to Albanian parents. Rise through the imperial service He eventually rose to the rank of pasha and was appointed the '' beylerbey'' (provincial governor) of the Trebizond Eyalet in 1644. Mehmed Pasha's early rise was facilitated by his participation in patronage networks with other Albanians in the Ottoman administration. His main p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Köprülü Family
Köprülü may refer to: People * Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin ** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü family *** Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (1575–1661), Ottoman statesman, founder of the Köprülü family *** Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1635–1676), Ottoman statesman *** Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha (1637–1691), Ottoman statesman *** Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha (1644–1702), Ottoman statesman *** Köprülü Numan Pasha (died 1719), Ottoman statesman *** Köprülü Abdullah Pasha (died 1735), Ottoman general ** Mehmet Fuat Köprülü (1890–1966), Turkish politician and historian * Murat Köprülü, American chief executive Places * Veles, North Macedonia, known as ''Köprülü'' until the Balkan Wars * Köprülü, Göle, a town in the district of Göle, Ardahan Province of Turkey * Köprülü, Ceyhan, a village in the distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossacks
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic languages, East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, Cossack raids, countering the Crimean-Nogai slave raids in Eastern Europe, Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppes, steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic languages, East Slavic–speaking Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Divan
A divan or diwan (, ''dīvān''; from Sumerian ''dub'', clay tablet) was a high government ministry in various Islamic states, or its chief official (see ''dewan''). Etymology The word, recorded in English since 1586, meaning "Oriental council of a state", comes from Persian (''dêvân'') and consequently spread via Turkish ''divan''. It is first attested in Middle Persian spelled as ''dpywʾn'' and ''dywʾn'', itself hearkening back, via Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadian, ultimately to Sumerian ''dub'', clay tablet. The word was borrowed into Armenian as well as ''divan''; on linguistic grounds this is placed after the 3rd century, which helps establish the original Middle Persian (and eventually New Persian) form was ''dīvān'', not ''dēvān'', despite later legends that traced the origin of the word to the latter form. The variant pronunciation ''dēvān'' however did exist, and is the form surviving to this day in Tajiki Persian. In Arabic, the term was firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia Eyalet
The Eyalet of Anatolia () was one of the two core provinces (Rumelia being the other) in the early years of the Ottoman Empire. It was established in 1393. By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters Its capital was first Ankara in central Anatolia, but then moved to Kütahya in western Anatolia. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The establishment of the province of Anatolia is held to have been in 1393, when Sultan Bayezid I ( 1389–1402) appointed Kara Timurtash as ''beylerbey'' and viceroy was in Anatolia, during Bayezid's absence on campaign in Europe against Mircea I of Wallachia. The province of Anatolia—initially termed ''beylerbeylik'' or generically ''vilayet'' ("province"), only after 1591 was the term ''eyalet'' used—was the second to be formed after the Rumelia Eyalet, and ranked accordingly in the hierarchy of the provinces. The first capital of the province was Ankara, but in the late 15th century it was moved to Kütahya Kütahya (; historically, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karaman Eyalet
Karaman Eyalet () was one of the subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was . In 1468, the formerly independent principality of Karaman was annexed by the Ottomans; Mehmed II appointed his son Mustafa as governor of the new eyalet, with his seat at Konya. Administrative divisions The eyalet consisted of seven sanjaks between 1700 and 1740:Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, ''Osmanlı'', Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, , p. 93. Konya, Niğde, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Beyşehir, Aksaray, and Akşehir. Eyalet History The area covered by the Karaman Beylerbeylik in the 17th century was 78.518 km2 . According to today's Republic of Turkey administrative structure, it covered 6 provinces. These are Konya, Aksaray, Niğde, Kayseri, Nevşehir and Kırşehir. In 1468, it had six sanjaks, namely Konya Pasha Sanjak, Beyşehir, Aksaray, İçil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eğri Eyalet
Eğri Eyalet (, , ) or Pashaluk of Eğri was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire formed in 1596 with its capital at Eğri (Hungarian: Eger). It included parts of present-day Hungary and Slovakia. The population of the province was ethnically and religiously diverse and included Slovaks and Hungarians (living mainly in the north), Serbs (living mainly in the south), and Muslims of various ethnic origins (living mainly in the cities). Other ethnic communities included Jews and Romani. Administrative divisions The province included the following sanjaks:http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/19/1267/14566.pdf Macaristan'da Osmanlı Hakimiyetinin ve İdari Teşkilatının Kuruluşu ve Gelişmesi, Sadık Müfit Bilge # Sanjak of Eğri (Eger) # Sanjak of Segedin (Szeged) # Sanjak of Sonluk (Szolnok) # Sanjak of Seçen ( Szécsény) # Sanjak of Hatvan ( Hatvan) # Sanjak of Novigrad ( Nógrád) # Sanjak of Filek ( Filakovo) (Its center was Rim Sonbat) Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha
Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha (; 1592 – 31 January 1644) was an Ottoman Albanian military officer and statesman who served as Kapudan Pasha and Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Mustafa was born to an Albanian family in Avlonya (present-day Vlorë in Albania) in 1592. He was an officer in the Janissary corps. His epithet, ' (), refers to his talent as an archer. He was the deputy () of the Janissary commander in 1634 and was promoted to the post of Agha of the Janissaries () in 1635. On 17 October 1635, he was appointed Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Navy). Nevertheless, he participated in the 1638 Capture of Baghdad far from the sea. On 24 December 1638, following the death of the then-Grand Vizier Tayyar Mehmet Pasha during the siege, Sultan Murad IV appointed Kemankeş Mustafa as the new Grand Vizier, the highest post of the empire after the Sultan. As a grand vizier Following the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad, Kemankeş Mustafa represented the Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trebizond Eyalet
Trebizond Eyalet () or Trabzon Beylerbeyliği was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Established in 1598, By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters it remained a primarily Christian region into the 17th century, well after the rest of Anatolia had been converted to Islam. Its reported area in the 19th century was . Administrative divisions See also * Chepni * Pontic Greeks The Pontic Greeks (; or ; , , ), also Pontian Greeks or simply Pontians, are an ethnically Greek group indigenous to the region of Pontus, in northeastern Anatolia (modern-day Turkey). They share a common Pontic Greek culture that is di ... References Bibliography * Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia History of Trabzon 1598 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1867 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire Ottoman period in Georgia (country) {{Ottoman-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor
A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may be either appointed or elected, and the governor's powers can vary significantly, depending on the public laws in place locally. The adjective pertaining to a governor is gubernatorial, from the Latin root ''gubernare''. In a federated state, the governor may serve as head of state and head of government for their regional polity, while still operating under the laws of the federation, which has its own head of state for the entire federation. Ancient empires Pre-Roman empires Though the legal and administrative framework of provinces, each administered by a governor, was created by the ancient Rome, Romans, the term ''governor'' has been a convenient term for historians to describe si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beylerbey
''Beylerbey'' (, meaning the 'commander of commanders' or 'lord of lords’, sometimes rendered governor-general) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Anatolian Seljuks and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Iran and the Ottoman Empire. Initially designating a commander-in-chief, it eventually came to be held by senior provincial governors. In Ottoman usage, where the rank survived the longest, it designated the governors-general of some of the largest and most important provinces, although in later centuries it became devalued into a mere honorific title. The title is originally Turkic and its equivalents in Arabic were ''amir al-umara'', and in Persian, ''mir-i miran''. Early use The title originated with the Seljuks, and was used in the Sultanate of Rum initially as an alternative for the Arabic title of ''malik al-umara'' ("chief of the commanders"), designating the army's commander-in-chief. Among the Mongol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanians
The Albanians are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, Albanian culture, culture, Albanian history, history and Albanian language, language. They are the main ethnic group of Albania and Kosovo, and they also live in the neighboring countries of Albanians in North Macedonia, North Macedonia, Albanians in Montenegro, Montenegro, Albanians in Greece, Greece, and Albanians in Serbia, Serbia, as well as in Albanians in Italy, Italy, Albanians in Croatia, Croatia, Albanians in Bulgaria, Bulgaria, and Albanians in Turkey, Turkey. Albanians also constitute a large diaspora with several communities established across Europe and the other continents. Albanian language, The language of the Albanians is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid, Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan languages, Paleo-Balkan group. Albanians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albania Under The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Albania was a period in Albanian history within the Ottoman Empire, from the Ottoman conquest in the late 15th century to the Albanian declaration of Independence and official secession from the Ottoman Empire in 1912. The Ottomans first entered Albania in 1385 upon the invitation of the Albanian noble Karl Thopia to suppress the forces of the noble Balša II during the Battle of Savra. They had some previous influence in some Albanian regions after the battle of Savra in 1385 but not direct control. The Ottomans placed garrisons throughout southern Albania by 1420s and established formal jurisdiction in central Albania by 1431. Even though The Ottomans claimed rule of all Albanian lands, most Albanian ethnic territories were still governed by medieval Albanian nobility who were free of Ottoman rule. The Sanjak of Albania was established in 1420 or 1430 controlling mostly central Albania, while Ottoman rule became more consolidated in 1481, after the fall of Shkodr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
