Kutná Hora
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Kutná Hora (; ) is a town in the
Central Bohemian Region The Central Bohemian Region ( ; ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the regio ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
. It has about 22,000 inhabitants. The history of Kutná Hora is linked to silver mining, which made it a rich and rapidly developing town. The centre of Kutná Hora, including the Sedlec Abbey and the Sedlec Ossuary, was designated a
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...
in 1995 because of its outstanding architecture and its influence on subsequent architectural developments in other Central European city centres. The historic town centre is also protected as an urban monument reservation, the fourth largest in the Czech Republic. The large concentration of monuments and its inclusion on the UNESCO list make Kutná Hora a significant tourist destination. The town's sacral monuments are among the most important and most visited monuments in the Czech Republic. In addition to tourism, the town's economy also includes industry, which is represented by production of tobacco products and the electrical engineering industry.


Administrative division

Kutná Hora consists of 12 municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Kutná Hora-Vnitřní Město (2,813) *Hlouška (5,156) *Kaňk (813) *Karlov (653) *Malín (991) *Neškaredice (164) *Perštejnec (52) *Poličany (187) *Sedlec (1,138) *Šipší (4,439) *Vrchlice (364) *Žižkov (3,390)


Etymology

The name of the town was derived from the eponymous mountain ( = 'mountain'). According to legends, the name of the mountain was derived from the monks'
cowl A cowl is an item of clothing consisting of a long, hooded garment with wide sleeves, often worn by monks. It was developed during the Early Middle Ages. The term may have originally referred to the hooded portion of a cloak, though contempor ...
s (''Kutten'' in German, ''kutny'' in Czech). However, it is more likely that it derived from the
Middle High German Middle High German (MHG; or ; , shortened as ''Mhdt.'' or ''Mhd.'') is the term for the form of High German, High German language, German spoken in the High Middle Ages. It is conventionally dated between 1050 and 1350, developing from Old High ...
word ''kutte'' ('pit'). The name can also be derived from the Czech words ''kutit'' ('to work') or ''kutat'' ('to mine'), but the Czech origin of the name is less likely.


Geography

Kutná Hora is located about east of
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
. The eastern part of the municipal territory lies in a flat agricultural landscape in the
Central Elbe Table The Central Elbe Table () is a plateau and a geomorphological mesoregion of the Czech Republic. It is located mostly in the Central Bohemian Region, but due to its size, it also extends to other regions. The axis of the plateau is the Elbe River, ...
. The western part lies in the Upper Sázava Hills and includes the highest point of Kutná Hora, which is the hill Malý Kuklík at above sea level. The Vrchlice Stream flows through the town.


History


Bronze Age and Iron Age

Archaeological finds show that the area around the Kaňk hill was populated by
Celts The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...
during the
Hallstatt Hallstatt () is a small town in the district of Gmunden District, Gmunden, in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. Situated between the southwestern shore of Hallstätter See and the steep slopes of the Dachstein massif, the town lies in the Sa ...
and La Tène periods. At the Celtic settlement site between Libenice and Kaňk, numerous ceramic finds from the 5th–1st century BC were discovered in 1981. One of the most important finds is a smelting furnace with 10 kg of slag from the 2nd–1st century BC with traces of pyrrhotine,
chalcopyrite Chalcopyrite ( ) is a copper iron sulfide mineral and the most abundant copper ore mineral. It has the chemical formula CuFeS2 and crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a Mohs scale, hardness of 3.5 to 4 ...
,
sphalerite Sphalerite is a sulfide mineral with the chemical formula . It is the most important ore of zinc. Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in Sedimentary exhalative deposits, sedimentary exhalative, Carbonate-hoste ...
and
copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...
, which also testify to early underground mining in the Kaňk hill.


Establishment

The earliest traces of silver have been found dating back to the 10th century, when Bohemia already had been in the crossroads of long-distance trade for many centuries. Silver
dinar The dinar () is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (''dīnār''), which was bor ...
s from the period between 985–995 were discovered in the settlement of Malín, which is now a part of Kutná Hora. In 1142, the Sedlec Abbey, the first
Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
monastery in
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
, was founded in the area of Sedlec by the monks from the Waldsassen Abbey in
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
. The abbey's economic problems were solved by the discovery of silver near Sedlec, which attracted new settlers, especially from nearby German-speaking regions. Silver began to be mined in 1260. In the early days of mining, several nameless settlements emerged. The first mention of Kutná Hora (under its Latin name ''Mons Cuthna'') is from 1289.


Middle Ages

In 1300, King Wenceslaus II issued the new royal mining code '. This was a legal document that specified all administrative as well as technical terms and conditions necessary for the operation of mines. Shortly after 1300, Kutná Hora became the seat of the central
mint Mint or The Mint may refer to: Plants * Lamiaceae, the mint family ** ''Mentha'', the genus of plants commonly known as "mint" Coins and collectibles * Mint (facility), a facility for manufacturing coins * Mint condition, a state of like-new ...
of the
Czech lands The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands (, ) is a historical-geographical term which denotes the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia out of which Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic and Slovakia, were formed. ...
, in which Prague groschen were minted. The town gradually became the second most important town of the
Kingdom of Bohemia The Kingdom of Bohemia (), sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, medieval and History of the Czech lands, early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the pr ...
(after
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
) and its main financial centre. In December 1402, the town was sacked by King
Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, Siegmund) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German ''sigu'' "victory" + ''munt'' "hand, protection". Tacitus latinises it ''Segimundus''. There appears to be an older form of ...
after the imprisonment of
Wenceslaus IV Wenceslaus IV (also ''Wenceslas''; ; , nicknamed "the Idle"; 26 February 136116 August 1419), also known as Wenceslaus of Luxembourg, was King of Bohemia from 1378 until his death and King of Germany from 1376 until he was deposed in 1400. As he ...
. It was heavily defended by its residents. After several bloody skirmishes, Sigismund prevailed and forced the defenders to march to
Kolín Kolín (; ) is a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 33,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations, urban monume ...
and kneel in subjugation. Although Sigismund was successful in his conquest, his hetman Markvart of Úlice died after being struck by an arrow during the siege on 27 December. On 18 January 1409, King Wenceslaus IV signed the
Decree of Kutná Hora The Decree of Kutná Hora () or Decree of Kuttenberg () was issued on 18 January 1409 in Kutná Hora (''Kuttenberg''), Bohemia, by King Wenceslaus IV to give members of the Bohemian nation a decisive voice in the affairs of the Charles University i ...
in the town, by which the Czech university nation was given three votes in the elections to the faculty of
Prague University Charles University (CUNI; , UK; ; ), or historically as the University of Prague (), is the largest university in the Czech Republic. It is one of the oldest universities in the world in continuous operation, the oldest university north of the ...
as against one for the three other nations. In 1420, Sigismund made the town the base for his unsuccessful attack on the
Taborite The Taborites (, ), were a faction within the Hussite movement in the medieval Lands of the Bohemian Crown. The Taborites were sometimes referred to as the Picards, a term used for groups which were seen as extreme in their rejection of traditi ...
s during the Hussite Wars, leading to the
Battle of Kutná Hora A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force co ...
. The development of the town was interrupted in 1421, when the
Hussites upright=1.2, Battle between Hussites (left) and Crusades#Campaigns against heretics and schismatics, Catholic crusaders in the 15th century upright=1.2, The Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the Hussite Wars. The movement began during the Prag ...
burned down the Sedlec Abbey and captured Kutná Hora. In 1422–1424, part of the German population was expelled and the town was hit by two large fires. Silver mining was restored in 1469.
Religious peace of Kutná Hora Religious peace of Kutná Hora () was concluded in March 1485 by the Czech lands Diet in Kutná Hora between Utraquism, Utraquist Hussites and Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholics. The agreement between representatives of both sides, reached afte ...
was concluded in Kutná Hora in 1485.


Modern era

Due to the threat of flooding in the deepest mines and the decreasing potency of silver ore, mining in Kutná Hora was reduced in the 1530s. The most important mining zone was closed in 1543. The production of the Prague groschen terminated in 1547. Despite these events, the remaining activities of the town were sufficient to ensure Kutná Hora's prosperity. As a result of the
Battle of White Mountain The Battle of White Mountain (; ) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War. It led to the defeat of the Bohemian Revolt and ensured Habsburg control for the next three hundred years. It was fought on 8 November 16 ...
, religious freedom began to be violated. In 1626,
Jesuits The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
were invited to Kutná Hora and built here a college. The
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
caused economic difficulties. Mining was stopped in 1625. Two major raids by the
Swedish army The Swedish Army () is the army, land force of the Swedish Armed Forces of the Kingdom of Sweden. Beginning with its service in 1521, the Swedish Army has been active for more than 500 years. History Svea Life Guards dates back to the year 1 ...
in 1639 and 1643 caused extensive damage to the town and a reduction in population. The town's economic recovery occurred at the end of the 1650s with the development of crafts. The town also began to be a centre of education thanks to the Jesuits. At the beginning of the 18th century, there were attempts to open new silver mines. However, the new silver veins were thin and therefore unprofitable. In 1727, the mint was closed and Kutná Hora definitely ceased to be a mining town. At the beginning of the 19th century, Kutná Hora was still among the larger towns in the Czech lands, but its importance was declining. Until 1918, the town was the capital of the district of the same name in
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...
, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
. Together with the rest of Bohemia, the town became part of the newly founded
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...
after
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and the collapse of Austria-Hungary.


Demographics


Economy

A factory for production of tobacco products was founded in Kutná Hora in 1812 and is located in the premises of the former Cistercian monastery in Sedlec. In 1882, production of
cigarette A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into Rolling paper, thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhale ...
s began. From 1992, the factory is owned by Philip Morris ČR, a subsidiary of
Philip Morris International Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI) is a multinational tobacco company, with products sold in over 180 countries. Marlboro is PMI’s most recognized brand, but in the last quarter of 2023, Iqos generated the greatest revenue. Philip Mor ...
. In Kutná Hora, the company employs more than 800 people. The largest employer with headquarters in Kutná Hora is Foxconn Technology CZ, a manufacturer of electronic components with more than 1,500 employees.


Transport

The I/2 road from Prague to
Pardubice Pardubice (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech Repub ...
passes through the town. Kutná Hora is located on the railway lines Prague–
Brno Brno ( , ; ) is a Statutory city (Czech Republic), city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava (river), Svitava and Svratka (river), Svratka rivers, Brno has about 403,000 inhabitants, making ...
and Kutná Hora-
Zruč nad Sázavou Zruč nad Sázavou () is a town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,800 inhabitants. Administrative division Zruč nad Sázavou consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population accor ...
. The town is served by four stations: ''Kutná Hora hlavní nádraží'', ''Kutná Hora město'', ''Kutná Hora předměstí'' and ''Kutná Hora-Sedlec''.


Sights

Since 1961, the historic town centre is protected as an urban monument reservation, the fourth largest in the Czech Republic with an area of . In 1995, the centre of Kutná Hora, including the Sedlec area, was designated a
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...
because of its outstanding architecture and its influence on subsequent architectural developments in other Central European city centres. The most valuable monuments in the town centre, protected as national cultural monuments, are the Church of Saint Barbara and the Italian Court, but the historic town centre also includes more than 300 other cultural monuments. In 2023, the Sedlec area and the Church of Saint Barbara were visited by 290 and 250 thousand people respectively, making them one of the most important tourist destinations of the region and the 2nd and 3rd most visited sacral monuments in the Czech Republic (after Svatá Hora in Příbram).


National cultural monuments

The Italian Court was built in the Gothic style between 1260 and 1300. It is the oldest monument in Kutná Hora. It was originally a part of the town's fortification system. In 1300, it became the seat of the royal mint, which was in operation until 1727. In the 1380s, another building was added, which served as a royal residence. The Italian Court is a complex of several buildings, the youngest of which were built in 1893–1898, when several dilapidated buildings were demolished and replaced under the leadership of the architect Ludvík Lábler, but the most valuable part of the complex was preserved. Of particular value and international distinction is the Chapel of Saints Wenceslaus and Ladislaus from around 1400. The Church of Saint Barbara is among the main examples of European Gothic architecture. It was built in 1385–1395, on a site that was originally located outside the town walls, when there was already a chapel dedicated to St. Barbara. The cathedral was to represent the wealth of the town and was to compete with the nearby cathedral in Sedlec, as well as St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. The construction project was created by Peter Parler and the construction was completed by Johann Parler. Architects and builders Master Hanuš, Matěj Rejsek and
Benedikt Rejt Benedikt Rejt (often spelled Benedikt Ried; c. 1450 – between 1531 and 1536) was a leading medieval architect in Bohemia, today's Czech Republic. He built Vladislav Hall (1497–1500) in Prague Castle, St. Barbara's Church, Kutná Hora, (c. 14 ...
participated in further construction stages in the 15th century. The purist reconstruction that took place from the 1880s until 1905 and was carried out by Josef Mocker and Ludvík Lábler is also considered valuable. The church complex includes a free-standing Chapel of Corpus Christi, originally a
charnel house A charnel house is a vault or building where human skeletal remains are stored. They are often built near churches for depositing bones that are unearthed while digging graves. The term can also be used more generally as a description of a plac ...
. It was also built in the Gothic style at the end of the 14th century.


Other monuments in the historic town centre

Next to the Church of Saint Barbara is the Jesuit College, also an important landmark of the town. It was designed by the architect Giovanni Domenico Orsi and the construction of this early Baroque building started in 1666. After Orsi's death in 1676, the construction was continued by Carlo Lurago. Construction continued throughout the 18th century, but was never completed to the planned extent. An important part of the complex is the promenade to the Church of St. Barbara with sculptural decoration by František Baugut. The so-called Stone House () is a late Gothic burgher house from the 1480s. Since 1902, it houses the Museum of Silver. Hrádek was originally a wooden fortress from 1312, rebuilt into a small castle in 1400–1420 and then completely rebuilt into a palace at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. A Jesuit seminary was established in its premises in 1686. It was used by the Jesuits until the abolishment of the order in 1773. From 1910, it was owned by the Kutná Hora town. Since 1947, it has been used by the Museum of Silver. A notable technical monument is a dodecagon-shaped stone fountain, situated on today's Rejsek Square. It was probably created by Matěj Rejsek and is sometimes called Rejsek's Fountain. From its construction in 1495 until 1663, it served as a drinking water reservoir. It solved the absence of water sources that were disrupted by mining activities. The late Gothic fountain is unique not only in its dimensions, but also in the material used, which was not common in other fountains in the town. The plague column in Kutná Hora was created by the Jesuit sculptor František Baugut in 1714–1715. It is a sculturally valuable Baroque work, created as a pieta for those who died during the plague epidemic in 1713. The top of the column is decorated by the statue of the Virgin Mary Immaculate. The pedestal is decorated by statues of saints and miners, typical for Kutná Hora.


Churches

A prominent building is the Church of Saint James the Great, located next to the Italian Court. It was built in the Gothic style in 1300–1370 and modiefied during the reconstructions at the end of the 19th century and in 1941–1946. It is a monumental church with an high tower. The Church of Saint John of Nepomuk was built in the Baroque style in 1734–1752, on the site of houses that was destroyed by the 1730 fire. It was built according to the design by
František Maxmilián Kaňka František Maxmilián Kaňka (19 August 1674 – 14 July 1766) was a Czech architect. He was among the most important and most prolific Baroque architects in the Czech lands. Life František Maxmilián Kaňka was born in Prague on 19 August 16 ...
, but other important artists of the Baroque era also participated in its creation. Today it serves mainly for cultural purposes. The Church of Our Lady "Na Náměti" is a late Gothic building with neo-Gothic modifications. The oldest part of the church dates from the beginning of the 14th century. The church was damaged by fires in 1770 and 1823, but the late Gothic style still prevails today. In 1712, the
Ursulines The Ursulines, also known as the Order of Saint Ursula (post-nominals: OSU), is an enclosed religious order of women that in 1572 branched off from the Angelines, also known as the Company of Saint Ursula. The Ursulines trace their origins to th ...
arrived to Kutná Hora. The Ursuline Convent was built in the Baroque style in 1738–1743 according to the design by
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer (; 1 September 1689 – 18 December 1751) was a German Bohemians, German Bohemian architect of the Baroque architecture, Baroque era. He is among the most prolific and renowned architects of his era in Bohemia. He was bo ...
, but only three wings were completed. Next to the convent is the neo-Baroque Church of the Sacred Heart, designed by Friedrich Ohmann and built in 1897–1901. Today, part of the convent is used as a school, part is used by the National Heritage Institute, and part has been returned to the order. The cellars are used commercially as wine cellars.


Sedlec

The Sedlec suburb of Kutná Hora is known for the Sedlec Abbey with the Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John the Baptist. Founded in 1142, the monastery was founded in 1142, but most of the monastery complex was built in the second half of the 13th century. The large complex had an area of at its peak and belonged to the largest and wealthiest monasteries of the Czech lands in the Middle Ages. At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the church acquired a unique Baroque-Gothic form according to the design of the architect
Jan Santini Aichel Jan Blažej Santini Aichel, also spelled Aichl (, ; 3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czechs, Czech architect of Italians, Italian descent, whose major works are representative of the unique Czech Baroque architecture#Baroque G ...
. Near the abbey is the Church of All Saints, known for the Sedlec Ossuary. The ossuary was a cemetery chapel, built at the end of the 14th century and modified in the Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century by Jan Santini Aichel. It is estimated that the ossuary is decorated with bones of more than 40,000 skeletons that belonged to those who died from plague epidemics and the
Hussite Wars The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, a ...
. The unique decoration, the main element of which is a chandelier composed of all the large bones of the human body, was created by the carver František Rint. The cemetery around the church was used in the 13th–16th centuries. Today it is an archaeological site where 30 mass graves have been identified.


Malín

The village of Malín used to be a site of an early medieval gord. The main landmark of Malín is the Church of Saint Stephen. Originally a Romanesque building, it was rebuilt in the Gothic style in the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1710, it was rebuilt into its current Baroque form. Next to the church is a separate wooden bell tower from the end of the 15th century.


Notable people

* Bohuslav Bílejovský (–1555), historian and theologian * Jakob Jakobeus (1591–1645), Slovak writer * Václav Bernard Ambrosi (1723–1806), painter * Jan Erazim Vocel (1803–1871), poet, archaeologist and historian * Josef Kajetán Tyl (1808–1856), dramatist and writer, author of the national anthem * Antonín Lhota (1812–1905), painter and art teacher * Felix Jenewein (1857–1905), painter and illustrator * Gabriela Preissová (1862–1946), writer and playwright * Emanuel Viktor Voska (1875–1960), intelligence agency officer * Karel Domin (1882–1953), botanist and politician * Jaroslav Vojta (1888–1970), actor * Vera Prasilova Scott (1899–1996), Czech-American photographer and sculptor * František Zelenka (1904–1944), architect, graphic, stage set and costume designer *
Jiří Orten Jiří Orten (born Jiří Ohrenstein; 30 August 1919 in Kutná Hora – 1 September 1941 in Prague) was a Czech poet. His work was influenced by surrealism and folklore. Life Orten was born in Kutná Hora as Jiří Ohrenstein. His first book ...
(1919–1941), poet * Zbyněk Zbyslav Stránský (1926–2016), museologist * Radka Denemarková (born 1968), writer and translator * Alena Mills (born 1990), ice hockey player


Twin towns – sister cities

Kutná Hora is twinned with: *
Bingen am Rhein Bingen am Rhein () is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The settlement's original name was Bingium, a Celtic languages, Celtic word that may have meant "hole in the rock", a description of the shoal behind the ...
, Germany *
Eger Eger ( , ; ; also known by other #Names and etymology, alternative names) is the county seat of Heves County, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). A city with county rights, Eger is best known for Castle of Eger, its ...
, Hungary *
Fidenza Fidenza (, locally ) is a town and (municipality) in the province of Parma, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. It has around 27,000 inhabitants. The town was renamed Fidenza in 1927, recalling its ancient Rome, Roman name of ; before, it was ...
, Italy * Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina *
Kamianets-Podilskyi Kamianets-Podilskyi (, ; ) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of Kamianets ...
, Ukraine *
Kremnica Kremnica (; , ) is a town in central Slovakia. It has around 5,300 inhabitants. The well-preserved medieval town built above important gold mines is the site of the oldest still-working mint in the world. Name The name is derived from Slovak '' ...
, Slovakia *
Reims Reims ( ; ; also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French Departments of France, department of Marne (department), Marne, and the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, 12th most populous city in Fran ...
, France *
Ringsted Ringsted is a city located centrally in the Danish island of Zealand. It is the seat of a municipality of the same name. Ringsted is situated approximately from Copenhagen. History Ringsted was the site of ''Sjællands Landsting'' (lit. ''Z ...
, Denmark * Stamford, England, United Kingdom *
Tarnowskie Góry Tarnowskie Góry (; ; ) is a city in Silesia, southern Poland, located in the Silesian Highlands near Katowice and seat city of Tarnowskie Góry County Located in the north of the Metropolis GZM, a megalopolis (city type), megalopolis, the great ...
, Poland


In popular culture

A recreation of the town as it existed in 1403 is prominently featured in the Czech role-playing game '' Kingdom Come: Deliverance II''.


Gallery

P6082913 Morový sloup se sousoším.jpg, Plague column Kutná Hora, Václavské náměstí 26, Kamenný dům.jpg, Stone House – Museum of Silver Kutná Hora, kostel Matky Boží Na Náměti, z Brandlovy (01).jpg, Church of Our Lady "Na Náměti" Ursuline monastery, Kurna Hora.jpg, Church of the Sacred Heart Kostel sv. Štěpána (Malín), Malín 02.JPG, Church of Saint Stephen in Malín


See also

*
Jáchymov Jáchymov (; or ''Joachimsthal'') is a spa town in Karlovy Vary District in the Karlovy Vary Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,300 inhabitants. Jáchymov has a long mining tradition, thanks to which it used to be the second most popu ...
, another Bohemian silver mining town


References


External links

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Official tourist portal
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kutna Hora World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Populated places in Kutná Hora District Mining communities in the Czech Republic