Konrad I of Oleśnica ( – 22 December 1366) was a Duke of
Żagań
Żagań (French language, French and , ) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 25,731 inhabitants (2019), capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia.
Founded in the 12th ce ...
and
Ścinawa
Ścinawa () is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wrocław and Głogów. As of 201 ...
during 1309–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of
Oleśnica,
Namysłów,
Gniezno
Gniezno (; ; ) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (''powiat'') ...
and
Kalisz
Kalisz () is a city in central Poland, and the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 97,905 residents (December 2021). It is the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of Gr ...
during 1312–1313 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Kalisz during 1313–1314 (alone), Duke of Namysłów from 1313 (alone) and Duke of Oleśnica from 1321 until his death (alone).
He was the second son of
Henry III (I), Duke of
Głogów, by his wife
Matilda, daughter of
Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
Life
After his father's early death in 1309, Konrad I succeeded him in all his lands with his brothers as co-rulers; but, because he was a minor at that time, he remained under the care of his mother and older brother
Henry IV the Faithful until 1312.
Despite his minority, on 3 March 1310 in
Berlin
Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
, Konrad I was present with his brothers Henry IV and
Bolesław, when they solemnly renounced their rights over
Gdańsk Pomerania
Gdańsk Pomerania (; ; ) is the main geographical region within Pomerelia (also known as Vistula Pomerania, Eastern Pomerania, and previously Polish Pomerania) in northern Poland, covering the bulk of Pomeranian Voivodeship. In contrast to ''Pome ...
to Brandenburg in exchange for a monetary compensation. In order to have good relations with the
House of Ascania
The House of Ascania () was a dynasty of German rulers. It is also known as the House of Anhalt, which refers to its longest-held possession, Principality of Anhalt, Anhalt.
The Ascanians are named after Ascania (or Ascaria) Castle, known as ' ...
, they pledge the towns of
Krosno Odrzańskie
Krosno Odrzańskie () is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland, on the east bank of Oder River, at the confluence with the Bóbr. With 11,319 inhabitants (2019) it is the capital of Krosno County, Lubusz Voivodeship, Krosno County.
His ...
and
Żagań
Żagań (French language, French and , ) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 25,731 inhabitants (2019), capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia.
Founded in the 12th ce ...
to them (they will recover these territories in 1319).
On 29 February 1312, was made the formal division of the Duchy. Konrad I and Bolesław obtained as co-rulers the eastern part of the Duchy (
Oleśnica,
Namysłów and
Kluczbork), and the regions of
Kalisz
Kalisz () is a city in central Poland, and the second-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 97,905 residents (December 2021). It is the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of Gr ...
and
Gniezno
Gniezno (; ; ) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań. Its population in 2021 was 66,769, making it the sixth-largest city in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The city is the administrative seat of Gniezno County (''powiat'') ...
. Henry IV, Jan and Przemko II retained the regions of
Ścinawa
Ścinawa () is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wrocław and Głogów. As of 201 ...
,
Żagań
Żagań (French language, French and , ) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 25,731 inhabitants (2019), capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia.
Founded in the 12th ce ...
and
Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; ), is a Polish Polish historical regions, historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest city in Poland.
The bound ...
. Their mother Matilda kept Głogów as her
dower
Dower is a provision accorded traditionally by a husband or his family, to a wife for her support should she become widowed. It was settlement (law), settled on the bride (being given into trust instrument, trust) by agreement at the time of t ...
. One year later, in 1313, Konrad I and Bolesław decided to divide their own domains: Konrad I received Namysłów and Kalisz.
The situation of Henry III's sons was precarious. In 1313, Konrad I lost Kalisz after a revolt of the nobility. The same year, the Dukes of Legnica obtained
Uraz. In 1314, supported by the local nobility who opposes to territorial division of Henry III,
Władysław I the Elbow-high take almost all
Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; ), is a Polish Polish historical regions, historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief and largest city is Poznań followed by Kalisz, the oldest city in Poland.
The bound ...
.
In 1321, when his brother Bolesław died without issue, Konrad I inherited Oleśnica. While Władysław I the Elbow-high and
Bolesław III the Generous
Bolesław or Boleslav may refer to:
People
* Bolesław (given name) (also ''Boleslav'' or ''Boleslaus''), including a list of people with this name
Geography
* Bolesław, Dąbrowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
* Bolesław, Olkusz Coun ...
engaged in looting in the territory of the Duchy of Oleśnica (from 1321 to 1323), Konrad married with Elisabeth, daughter of
Henry VI the Good, removing any threat from Duchy of
Wrocław
Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...
.
A peace treaty with Władysław I and Bolesław III was concluded in
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...
on 10 August 1323. Konrad I received
Wołów
Wołów (, ) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Wołów County and Gmina Wołów. It lies approximately north-west of the regional capital Wrocław. , the town has a population of 12,373. It is pa ...
,
Lubiąż and
Smogorzów, but in exchange was forced to give Namysłów to Bolesław III. In 1328, he paid homage to King
John of Bohemia
John of Bohemia, also called the Blind or of Luxembourg (; ; ; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland. He is well known for having died while fighting ...
.
In summer 1343, King
Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great (; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He also later became King of Ruthenia in 1340, retaining the title throughout the Galicia–Volhynia Wars. He was the last Polish king fr ...
of
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
launched an attack against Konrad I,
Jan of Ścinawa and
Henry V of Iron. Konrad I inflicted defeated the Polish army which was in the walls of Oleśnica and concludes a peace treaty with King Casimir III. In 1345, Conrad and his nephew Henry V trying unsuccessfully to recover
Wschowa
Wschowa (pronounced , ) is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland with 13,875 inhabitants (2019). It is the capital of Wschowa County and a significant tourist site containing many important historical monuments. It is part of the his ...
from Poland. In retaliation, the King of Poland launches an attack against the Duchy of Oleśnica.
In 1355 Konrad I took control over the Duchy of
Koźle (Kosel). On 8 December 1357, the Duchy of
Bytom (Beuthen) was divided between him and Duke
Casimir I of
Cieszyn
Cieszyn ( , ; ; ) is a border town in southern Poland on the east bank of the Olza River, and the administrative seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship. The town has 33,500 inhabitants ( and lies opposite Český Těšín in the Czech Repu ...
. The following year, he bought
Milicz to the
Bishopric of Wrocław.
In 1361, after the death of Jan de Ścinawa, Konrad I and Henry V entered in a dispute over his inheritance. The conflict was resolved in 1365 through the mediation of
Ludwik I the Fair, Duke of
Brzeg
Brzeg (; Latin: ''Alta Ripa'', German: ''Brieg'', Silesian German: ''Brigg'', , ) is a town in southwestern Poland with 34,778 inhabitants (December 2021) and the capital of Brzeg County. It is situated in Silesia in the Opole Voivodeship on t ...
.
Konrad I died on 22 December 1366 and was buried in the Chapel of St. Hedwig in the monastery of
Trzebnica
Trzebnica (Polish pronunciation: ; , ) is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in west-central Poland. It is the seat of Trzebnica County, and of the smaller administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Trzebnica. It lies within the eastern Trzebni ...
.
Marriages and Issue
By 10 January 1322 Konrad I married firstly with Elisabeth (b. ca. 1311 – d. 20 February? 1328), daughter of
Henry VI the Good, Duke of
Wrocław
Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...
. They had no children.
By 2 March 1333 Konrad I married secondly with Euphemia (b. 1313? – d. 3 January 1378), daughter of
Władysław, Duke of
Koźle-
Bytom
Bytom (Polish pronunciation: ; Silesian language, Silesian: ''Bytōm, Bytōń'', ) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian Voivodeship, the city is 7 km northwest of Katowice, the regional capital.
It is one ...
. They had two children:
# Hedwig (b. ca. 25 March 1338 – d. ca. 1351), married by 11 August 1345 to Duke
Nikolaus II of
Opawa (Troppau).
#
Konrad II the Gray (b. ca. 1340 – d. 10 June 1403).
References
*
Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan*''This article was translated from his original version in French Wikipedia.''
, -
, -
, -
, -
, -
, -
, -
, -
, -
{{DEFAULTSORT:Konrad 01 Of Olesnica
1290s births
1366 deaths
Piast dynasty
Year of birth uncertain
Place of birth unknown