Konjaku Hyakki Shūi
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is the third book of
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
ese artist
Toriyama Sekien 200px, A , specifically a Miage-nyūdō, as portrayed by Toriyama , real name Sano Toyofusa, was a scholar, '' kyōka'' poet, and ''ukiyo-e'' artist of Japanese folklore. Early life Born to a family of high-ranking servants to the Tokugawa sh ...
's ''
Gazu Hyakki Yagyō is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous ''Gazu Hyakki Yagyō'' e-hon tetralogy, published in 1776. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. Although the title translates to "The I ...
''
tetralogy A tetralogy (from Greek τετρα- ''tetra-'', "four" and -λογία ''-logia'', "discourse") is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. The name comes from the Attic theater, in which a tetralogy was a group of three tragedies ...
, published c. 1781. These books are supernatural bestiaries, collections of ghosts, spirits, spooks and monsters, many of which Toriyama based on
literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...
,
folklore Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture. This includes oral traditions such as Narrative, tales, myths, legends, proverbs, Poetry, poems, jokes, and other oral traditions. This also ...
, and other
artwork A work of art, artwork, art piece, piece of art or art object is an artistic creation of aesthetic value. Except for "work of art", which may be used of any work regarded as art in its widest sense, including works from literature ...
. These works have had a profound influence on subsequent ''
yōkai are a class of supernatural entities and Spirit (supernatural entity) , spirits in Japanese folklore. The kanji representation of the word comprises two characters that both mean "suspicious, doubtful", and while the Japanese name is simply ...
'' imagery in Japan. ''Konjaku Hyakki Shūi'' is preceded in the series by ''
Gazu Hyakki Yagyō is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous ''Gazu Hyakki Yagyō'' e-hon tetralogy, published in 1776. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. Although the title translates to "The I ...
'' and ''
Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki is the second book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous ''Gazu Hyakki Yagyō'' tetralogy, published c. 1779. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. These books are supernatural Bestiary, best ...
'', and succeeded by '' Gazu Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro''. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016, which included this work, whose title is rendered as ''More of the Demon Horde from Past and Present''.


List of creatures

The three volumes were titled Cloud (雲), Mist (霧), and Rain (雨).
2 (kiri)

3 (ame)
(


First Volume – Cloud

File:SekienShinkiro.jpg, is a
clam Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve mollusc. The word is often applied only to those that are deemed edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the sea floor or riverbeds. Clams h ...
that has grown to an enormous size, at which point it rises to the surface of the sea and breathes out a
mirage A mirage is a naturally-occurring optical phenomenon in which light rays bend via refraction to produce a displaced image of distant objects or the sky. The word comes to English via the French ''(se) mirer'', from the Latin ''mirari'', mean ...
of distant cities. File:SekienShokuin.jpg, is the spirit of China's Purple Mountain. It appears as a red, man-faced dragon, a thousand ''ri'' tall, and is known as Zhuyin in China. File:SekienNinmenju.jpg, is a tree that grows in remote mountains recesses, with flowers that resemble human faces. These faces are always smiling, even as they fall from their branches. Based on similar trees described in the Chinese ''
Sancai Tuhui ''Sancai Tuhui'' (, ), compiled by Wang Qi () and his son Wang Siyi (), is a Chinese '' leishu'' encyclopedia, completed in 1607 and published in 1609 during the late Ming dynasty, featuring illustrations of subjects in the three worlds of heave ...
''. File:SekienNingyo.jpg, is a sea creature which is human from the chest up, and a fish below. File:SekienHangonko.jpg, is magical incense which can conjure up the spirits of the dead, originally described in Bai Juyi's ''Poetry of Lady Li''. File:SekienHoko.jpg, is a spirit which lives inside a thousand-year-old tree. It resembles a black dog with a human face and no tail. It is originally described in the 3rd century Chinese text ''Baize Tu'', where it is known as Penghou File:SekienTengu-tsubute.jpg, is a phenomenon in which stones are suddenly thrown through the air somewhere deep in the mountains. It is thought to be the work of the ''
tengu ''Tengu'' ( ; , , ) are a type of legendary creature found in Shinto belief. They are considered a type of ''yōkai'' (supernatural beings) or Shinto ''kami'' (gods or spirits). The ''Tengu'' were originally thought to take the forms of bird of ...
''. File:SekienDojoji-no-kane.jpg, is the bell which was melted by Kiyohime, a woman who fell in love with a young priest, and through the rage of unrequited love became a terrible serpent demon. When the priest fled and hid underneath this temple bell, the serpent surrounded the bell and destroyed herself and her would-be lover in flames of her rage. File:SekienTodaiki.jpg, is a mute man with a candle on his head, sitting at the top of a lighthouse in China. According to legend, he was originally known as the ''Karu Minister'', who went missing while on a mission to the Tang dynasty. His son later traveled to China to find his missing father, only to discover he had become the ''Tōdaiki'' at the top of a lighthouse. File:SekienDorotabo.jpg, is the ghost of an old man who worked hard to pass on his rice fields to his descendants. His children squandered the fields and sold them to someone else, and so the old man appeared in the fields as a black, one-eyed creature crying for his rice fields to be returned. File:SekienKokuri-baba.jpg, was a woman who came to a mountain temple and was called the head priest's wife, because she lived in his quarters. She stole rice and money from the people who came to the temple, and as punishment became a terrible demon hag who eats the skin from corpses. File:SekienOshiroi-baba.jpg, is an old woman who is the assistant of Jibun Senjō, the spirit of face powder. She walks through the snow during the twelfth month of the
lunar calendar A lunar calendar is a calendar based on the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases ( synodic months, lunations), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based on the solar year, and lunisolar calendars, whose lunar months are br ...
, wearing an oversized '' sugegasa'' hat. File:SekienJakotsu-baba.jpg, is an old woman who holds a red snake in her left hand and a blue snake in her right hand. She guards a certain "snake mound", possibly because she is the wife of a monstrous serpent named "Jagoemon" who is sealed there. File:SekienKage-onna.jpg, is a woman's shadow cast by the light of the moon on the paper sliding door of a house where ''
mononoke are vengeful spirits (onryō), dead spirits (shiryō), live spirits (ikiryō), or spirits in Japanese classical literature and folk religion that were said to do things like possess individuals and make them suffer, cause disease, or even cause ...
'' live. File:SekienKerakera-onna.jpg, Kerakera-onna ( :ja:倩兮女) File:SekienEnenra.jpg, is a spirit made of smoke that rises out of a house.


Second Volume – Mist

File:SekienMomijigari.jpg, is the demon-woman of Mount Togakushi. File:SekienOboro-guruma.jpg, is an ox cart with a huge human face on the front, which appears on hazy moonlit nights in
Kyoto Kyoto ( or ; Japanese language, Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu. , the city had a population of 1.46 million, making it t ...
. File:SekienKazenbo.jpg, is the ghost of a burned monk that appears on Mount Toribe near Kyoto. File:SekienMinobi.jpg, Minobi ( :ja:蓑火) File:SekienAoando.jpg, Aoandon ( :ja:青行燈) The spirit of the blue paper lantern. File:SekienAme-onna.jpg, Ameonna ( :ja:雨女) Rain-making female spirit. File:SekienKosame-bo.jpg, Kosamebō ( :ja:小雨坊) File:SekienGangi-kozo.jpg, Gangikozō ( :ja:岸涯小僧) File:SekienAyakashi.jpg, Ayakashi ( あやかし) File:SekienKido.jpg, Kidō ( 鬼童) File:SekienOni-hito-kuchi.jpg,
Onihitokuchi Onihitokuchi (鬼一口) refers to a Japanese in which eat humans in one mouthful. This in turn refers to something extremely dangerous and difficult, as well as the quick and easy handling of things. Summary As an example of a representative st ...
( :ja:鬼一口) File:SekienJatai.jpg, Jatai ( :ja:蛇帯) File:SekienKosode-no-te.jpg, Kosode-no-te ( :ja:小袖の手) File:SekienHatahiro.jpg, Hatahiro ( :ja:機尋) File:SekienO-zato.jpg, Ōzatō ( :ja:大座頭) File:SekienHimamushi-nyudo.jpg, Himamushinyūdō ( 火間蟲入道) File:SekienSessho-seki.jpg, is a stone in the volcanic mountains near Nasu,
Tochigi Prefecture is a landlocked Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Tochigi Prefecture has a population of 1,897,649 (1 June 2023) and has a geographic area of 6,408 Square kilometre, km2 (2,474 Square mile, sq mi ...
, said to kill anyone who comes into contact with it. It is believed to hold the spirit Tamamo-no-Mae. File:SekienFuri.jpg, is a flying creature with the body of a raccoon dog and the fur of a leopard. It originates from China, where it is known as the fengli. File:SekienMorinji-no-kama.jpg, Morinji-no-kama ( :ja:茂林寺釜)


Third Volume – Rain

File:SekienRashomon-no-oni.jpg, Rashōmon no oni (''Oni of Rashōmon'', 羅城門鬼) File:SekienYonaki-no-ishi.jpg, are stones or boulders possessed by spirits that cry loudly at night. The most famous purported Yonaki ishi is located in Kakegawa,
Shizuoka Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,555,818 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Pref ...
. File:SekienBasho-no-Sei.jpg, is the spirit of a bashō that takes on a human form. It is originally described in a
Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...
text entitled ''Can heartless plants also attain Buddhahood?'', where it is known as the Bajiao Gui. File:SekienSuzuri-no-tamashi.jpg, Suzuri-no-tamashii ( :ja:硯の魂, inkstone soul) File:SekienByobu-nozoki.jpg, Byōbunozoki ( 屏風覗) File:SekienKeukegen.jpg, is a small dog-like creature covered entirely in long hair. Sekien connects the Keukegen to Mao Nu, a similarly hairy spirit described in the '' Liexian Zhuan''. File:SekienMokumokuren.jpg, are a swarm of eyes that appear on torn
shoji A is a door, window or room divider used in traditional Japanese architecture, consisting of translucent (or transparent) sheets on a lattice frame. Where light transmission is not needed, the similar but opaque '' fusuma'' is used (/close ...
in old buildings. File:SekienKyokotsu.jpg, is a white-haired, skeletal ghost that appears from the bottom of a
well A well is an excavation or structure created on the earth by digging, driving, or drilling to access liquid resources, usually water. The oldest and most common kind of well is a water well, to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The ...
. File:SekienMekurabe.jpg, is a pile of multiplying skulls that merges into a single large skull. It originates from ''
The Tale of the Heike is an epic account compiled prior to 1330 of the struggle between the Taira clan and Minamoto clan for control of Japan at the end of the 12th century in the Genpei War (1180–1185). It has been translated into English at least five times. ...
'', where it menaces Taira no Kiyomori in his courtyard. File:SekienUshiro-gami.jpg, is a female spirit with one eye on top of her head. She is said to appear behind people suddenly and pull on their hair. File:SekienIyaya.jpg, is a female spirit who appears as a beautiful young woman from behind, but has the face of a wrinkly old man when viewed from up front. Sekien connects Iyaya to a Chinese legend about
Liu Che The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , , "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as s ...
and Dongfang Shuo encountering an insect with a human head. File:SekienHososhi.jpg, is a four-eyed, sword-wielding
exorcist In some religions, an exorcist (from the Greek „ἐξορκιστής“) is a person who is believed to be able to cast out the devil or performs the ridding of demons or other supernatural beings who are alleged to have possessed a person ...
who leads funeral processions and expels malevolent spirits. He originates from the Chinese
Nuo folk religion Nuo folk religion, or extendedly, Chinese popular exorcistic religion, is a variant of Chinese folk religion with its own system of temples, rituals, orders of priests, and gods that is interethnic and practiced across central and southern China ...
, where he is known as Fangxiangshi. File:SekienTakirei-o.jpg, is a spirit who appears behind waterfalls, believed to be an immovable Buddha (Fudō Myōō). File:SekienHakutaku.jpg, is a creature that passes down knowledge of harmful spirits, based on the Chinese Bai Ze. In Japan it is typically depicted as a cow or cat creature with a nine-eyed human face. File:SekienKakurezato.jpg, are remote, hidden villages often depicted as utopian refuges.


See also

*
Gazu Hyakki Yagyō is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous ''Gazu Hyakki Yagyō'' e-hon tetralogy, published in 1776. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. Although the title translates to "The I ...
*
Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki is the second book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous ''Gazu Hyakki Yagyō'' tetralogy, published c. 1779. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016. These books are supernatural Bestiary, best ...
* Gazu Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro


References


Further reading

*http://scene5.com/yokai/database/index/b3.htm *http://park.org/Japan/CSK/hyakki/etc/obake_index-iroha.html * * *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Konjaku Hyakki Shu Edo-period works Yōkai