K.u.k. Feldjäger
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The ''Feldjäger'' were established in 1808 as Jäger infantry in the
Empire of Austria The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. Duri ...
and later formed part of the regular infantry of the
Common Army The Common Army (, ) as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two elements being the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (of Au ...
, only their peacetime uniform distinguishing them. The designation ''Jäger'' for the soldiers and ''Feldjäger'' for their units had purely historical reasons, as light infantry and skirmisher units had been abolished in 1866.


Uniform

The hat made of matte black, waterproof
felt Felt is a textile that is produced by matting, condensing, and pressing fibers together. Felt can be made of natural fibers such as wool or animal fur, or from synthetic fibers such as petroleum-based acrylic fiber, acrylic or acrylonitrile or ...
served as the parade headgear for the Jäger and k.k. Landwehr. It had a crown and brim and was decorated with a circular green cord, the Jäger hat badge and a hackle of black cock feathers. The chinstrap was made of sheep's wool, had a button and an acorn covered with green wool at each end. The two acorns were attached to the rear of the crown. The cord for officers was made of black interwoven gold thread. The crown was in the shape of an oval cone, with a moderately bulbous base at the top. The brim was level at the back and front, but turned up on both sides. The edge of the brim was edged with black, lacquered calfskin. On the left side of the brim was a rearward sloping pocket made of hat felt for attaching the hackle. The hat badge - made of gilt metal - depicted a
hunting horn A horn is any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually made of metal and often curved in various ways, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges. In horns, unlike some other bras ...
. In the space within the coil, a Tyrolean eagle (heraldic animal) was attached in the case of the
Kaiserjäger The ''Kaiserjäger'' (officially designated by the Imperial and Royal (''k.u.k.'') military administration as the ''Tiroler Jäger-Regimenter'' or "Tyrolean Rifle Regiments"), were formed in 1895 as four normal infantry regiments within the Comm ...
, or the battalion number in the case of the Feldjäger. They were made of silver-coloured
nickel silver Nickel silver, maillechort, German silver, argentan, new silver, nickel brass, albata, or alpacca is a cupronickel (copper with nickel) alloy with the addition of zinc. The usual formulation is 60% copper, 20% nickel and 20% zinc. Nickel silver ...
. The badge was attached above the hackle pocket, so that the eagle or the number slanted in the same direction as the pocket. The plume was in the shape of a cock's tail tied to a 1.5-mm-thick piece of steel wire. The length of the plume was 29 cm. The plume was inserted into the pocket on the hat, so that the feathers hung down in an arc towards the back. The
infantry Infantry, or infantryman are a type of soldier who specialize in ground combat, typically fighting dismounted. Historically the term was used to describe foot soldiers, i.e. those who march and fight on foot. In modern usage, the term broadl ...
field cap was used in the field. The
tunic A tunic is a garment for the torso, usually simple in style, reaching from the shoulders to a length somewhere between the hips and the ankles. It might have arm-sleeves, either short or full-length. Most forms have no fastenings. The name deri ...
of the Jäger - for soldiers and
officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fro ...
s - corresponded in cut to that of the infantry. The soldiers' coat of pike-grey cloth had epaulettes, shoulder patches, collar and cuffs of grass-green colour. The buttons of all Jäger units were yellow and marked with the battalion number. The Jäger jackets were the same colour as the coat. Their arm of service was indicated by their grass-green parolis. The rest of their equipment was no different from that of the
line infantry Line infantry was the type of infantry that formed the bulk of most European land armies from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century. Maurice of Nassau and Gustavus Adolphus are generally regarded as its pioneers, while Henri de la Tour d ...
.


Units

In 1914 there were 29 independent Feldjäger
battalion A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers. A battalion is commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into several Company (military unit), companies, each typically commanded by a Major (rank), ...
s and one Bosnian-Herzegovinian Feldjäger Battalion. *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 1 :Formed: 1808 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 16th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 62 % Germans – 36 % Czechs – 2 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Garrison: Tione di Trento :Recruiting district:
Theresienstadt Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ( German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination c ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Richard von Vittorelli *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 2 :Formed: 1808 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 122nd Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 74 % Czechs – 26 % Germans :Battalion language: Czech, German :Garrison:
Lienz Lienz (; Southern Bavarian: ''Lianz'') is a medieval town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative centre of the Lienz district, which covers all of East Tyrol. The municipality also includes the cadastral subdivision of ''Pat ...
:Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Hradec Králové Hradec Králové (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic. It has about 94,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of the Hradec Králové Region. The historic centre of Hradec Králové is well preserved and is protected as an Cultural monument (Czech R ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Hugo Mayer *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 3 : vakant *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 4 :Formed: 1808 – XIV Army Corps – 3rd Infantry Division – 6th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 77 % Poles – 23 % other :Battalion language: Polish :Garrison: Braunau :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Rzeszów Rzeszów ( , ) is the largest city in southeastern Poland. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River in the heartland of the Sandomierz Basin. Rzeszów is the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship and the county seat, seat of Rzeszów C ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Felix Schultz *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 5 :Formed: 1808 – III Army Corps – 6th Infantry Division – 12nd Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 39 % Germans – 25 % Czechs – 25 % Poles – 11 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German, Polish :Garrison:
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:Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Carl Pöscheck *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 6 :Formed: 1808 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 122nd Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 69 % Czechs – 30 % Germans – 1 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Sillian Sillian is a market town in the district of Lienz, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. Geography The municipality, at a height of about , is the main settlement in the East Tyrolean '' Hochpustertal'', the eastern part of the Puster Valley, stretch ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Franz Kahler *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 7 :Formed: 1808 – III Army Corps – 28th Infantry Division – 94th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 85 % Slovenes – 15 % other :Battalion language: Slovenian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison: Canale :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Wilhelm Staufer * k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 8 * k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 9 *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion "Kopal" No. 10 :Formed: 1813 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 15th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 98 % Germans – 2 % other :Battalion language: German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Sankt Pölten Sankt Pölten (; Central Bavarian: ''St. Pödn''), mostly abbreviated to the official name St. Pölten, is the capital and largest city of the States of Austria, State of Lower Austria in northeast Austria, with 55,538 inhabitants as of 1 Januar ...
:Garrison:
Vigo di Fassa Vigo di Fassa (, or ''Vig im Fasstal'') is a ''frazione'' of Sèn Jan di Fassa in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about northeast of Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin language, Ladin and ; ; ; ; ; ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Oswald Eccher von Eccho, Edler v. Marienberg *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 11 :Formed: 1813 – III Army Corps – 28th Infantry Division – 56th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 52 % Germans – 44 %
Hungarians Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
– 4 % other :Battalion language: German, Hungarian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Győr Győr ( , ; ; names of European cities in different languages: E-H#G, names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia region, and – halfwa ...
:Garrison: Gradisca :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Norbert Frass *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 12 :Formed: 1813 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 15th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 67 % Czechs – 32 % Germans – 1 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Innsbruck Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Dante Bontadi *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 13 :Formed: 1849 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 15th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 47 % Poles – 36 %
Ruthenians A ''Ruthenian'' and ''Ruthene'' are exonyms of Latin language, Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common Ethnonym, ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods. The Latin term ...
– 17 % other :Battalion language: Polish :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...
:Garrison:
Cavalese Cavalese (''Cavalés'' in local dialect, ''Gablöss'' in local german dialect) is a ''comune'' of 4,004 inhabitants in Trentino, northern Italy, a ski resort and the main center in the Fiemme Valley. It is part of the Magnifica Comunità di Fiem ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig Ritter von Stampfer *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 14 :Formed: 1914 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 16th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 47 % Ruthenians – 43 % Poles – 1 % other :Battalion language: Polish :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Mezzolombardo Mezzolombardo (local dialect: ''Mezombart'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about north of the city of Trento Trento ( or ; Ladin language, Ladin and ; ; ; ; ...
:Commandant: Major Alfred von Hankenstein *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 15 : vakant *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 16 :Formed: 1849 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 16th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 56 % Germans – 34 % Czechs – 10 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Levico Levico Terme (''Levego'' in local dialect; ''Löweneck'' in German; ) is a ''Communes of Trentino, comune'' (municipality) and a town in Trentino in the northern Italy, Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. As of 30 June 2012, it had a p ...
:Commandant: Major Karl Lerch *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 17 :Formed: 1849 – III Army Corps – 6th Infantry Division – 12nd Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 63 % Czechs – 36 % Germans – 1 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Judenburg Judenburg (; ) is a historic town in Styria, Austria. It is the administrative centre of the Murtal District, Murtal district, which was created on 1 January 2012 from the former Judenburg (district), Judenburg District and former Knittelfeld D ...
:Commandant: Major Rudolf Dückelmann *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 18 :Formed: 1914 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 16th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 59 % Ruthenians – 31 % Poles – 10 % other :Battalion language: Polish :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Lemberg Lviv ( or ; ; ; see #Names and symbols, below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the List of cities in Ukraine, fifth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of ...
:Garrison: Trient :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Maximilian Lauer *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 19 :Formed: 1849 – III Army Corps – 6th Infantry Division – 12nd Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 58 % Slovaks – 32 % Hungarians – 10 % other :Battalion language: Slovak, Hungarian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre: Komorn :Garrison: Klagenfurt :Commandant: Major Ernst Mathes *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 20 :Formed: 1849 – III Army Corps – 28th Infantry Division – 56th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 58 % Slovenes – 31 % Trientines/Triestines – 21 % other :Battalion language: Slovenian, Italian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Triest Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the regional decentralization entity of Trieste. Trieste is located at the head ...
:Garrison: Kremaun :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Franz Schöbinger *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 21 :Formed: 1849 – III Army Corps – 6th Infantry Division – 11st Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 98 % Germans 2 % other :Battalion language: German :Recruiting district: Vienna :Garrison: Mitrovica :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Johann Haas * k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 22 :Formed: 1849 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 16th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 70 % Germans – 28 % Czechs – 2 % other :Battalion language: German, Czech :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Eger Eger ( , ; ; also known by other #Names and etymology, alternative names) is the county seat of Heves County, and the second largest city in Northern Hungary (after Miskolc). A city with county rights, Eger is best known for Castle of Eger, its ...
(Bohemia) :Garrison:
Borgo Valsugana Borgo Valsugana (''El Bórgo'' in local dialect) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in Trentino in the northern Italian region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, located about east of Trento. Borgo Valsugana borders the following municipalities: Telve, ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Wenzel Ort *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 23 :Formed: 1849 – VII Army Corps – 34th Infantry Division – 68th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 68 % Romanians – 28 % Hungarians – 4 % other :Battalion language: Romanian, Hungarian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre: Marosvásárhely :Garrison:
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:Commandant: Major Theodor Althoff *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 24 :Formed: 1849 – III Army Corps – 28th Infantry Division – 55th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 86 % Hungarians – 14 % other :Battalion language: Hungarian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Rovigno Rovinj (; Venetian and ; Istriot: or ; ; ) is a city in west Croatia situated on the north Adriatic Sea with a population of 14,294 (2011). Located on the western coast of the Istrian peninsula, it is a popular tourist resort and beach destin ...
(one coy. in Parenzo) :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Emmerich Gerö *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 25 :Formed: 1849 – II Army Corps – 25th Infantry Division – 49th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 75 % Czechs – 22 % Germans – 3 % other :Battalion language: Czech, German :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
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:Garrison:
Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
(Schönbrunner Schloßkaserne / two companies at the Mauerkaserne barracks) :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Arnold Barwick *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 26 : vakant *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 27 :Formed: 1914 – XIV Army Corps – 8th Infantry Division – 121st Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 54 % Romanians – 27 % Ruthenians – 19 % other :Battalion language: Romanian, Polish :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Czernowitz Chernivtsi (, ; , ;, , see also other names) is a city in southwestern Ukraine on the upper course of the Prut River. Formerly the capital of the historic region of Bukovina, which is now divided between Romania and Ukraine, Chernivtsi serv ...
:Garrison:
Hall in Tirol Hall in Tirol is a town in the Innsbruck-Land district of Tyrol (state), Tyrol, Austria. Located at an altitude of 574 m, about 5 km (3 mi) east of the state's capital Innsbruck in the Inn (river), Inn valley, it has a population of 14,77 ...
:Commandant: Major Friedrich Nürnberger *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 28 :Formed: 1859 – VII Army Corps – 34th Infantry Division – 68th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 73 % Romanians – 27 % other :Battalion language: Romanian :Recruiting district: Arad :Garrison: Kevévara :Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Augustin Dorotka von Ehrenwall *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 29 :Formed: 1859 – III Army Corps – 28th Infantry Division – 56th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 29 % Hungarians – 67 % Slovaks – 4 % sonstige :Battalion language: Hungarian, Slovak :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre: Losoncz :Garrison:
Monfalcone Monfalcone (; Venetian language#Regional variants, Bisiacco: ; ; ; archaic ) is a town and (municipality) in the Province of Gorizia, Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy, located on the Gulf of Tr ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Desiderius Farkas *k. u. k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 30 :Formed: 1859 – XIV Army Corps – 3rd Infantry Division – 6th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 70 % Ruthenians – 30 % other :Battalion language: Polish :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre: Stanislav :Garrison:
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:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Jungl *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 31 :Formed: 1859 – XIII Army Corps – 7th Infantry Division – 14th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 95 % Croats – 5 % other :Battalion language: Croatian :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Zagreb Zagreb ( ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, north of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the ...
:Garrison:
Bruck an der Mur Bruck an der Mur () is a city of some 15,970 people located in the district Bruck-Mürzzuschlag, in the Austrian state of Styria. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Mur and Mürz. Its manufacturing includes metal products and paper. ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Eduard Hospodarž *k.u.k. Feldjäger Battalion No. 32 :Formed: 1859 – XI Army Corps – 30th Infantry Division – 60th Infantry Brigade :Nationalities: 74 % Slovaks – 26 % other :Battalion language: Slovak :Recruiting district and reinforcement cadre:
Prešov Prešov () is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is the seat of administrative Prešov Region () and Šariš. With a population of approximately 85,000 for the city, and in total more than 100,000 with the urban area, it is the second-largest city i ...
:Garrison:
Trembowla Terebovlia (, ; ; ) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. Terebovlia hosts the administration of Terebovlia urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 13,661 (2001). History Terebovlia is one of ...
:Commandant: Lieutenant Colonel Carl Strohmer


ORBAT


Peace establishment

26 officers, 390 men, 20 horse * Battalion staff * 4 field companies * 1 Jäger machine gun division * Reinforcement company cadre with augmentation magazine (training)


War establishment

26 officers, 1,100 men, 70 horse * Battalion staff * 4 field companies * 1 Jäger machine gun division * Wagon train * Reinforcement companies (in the home garrison)


Sources

* Austrian State Archives / War Archives in Vienna


Footnotes


Literature

* Peter Fichtenbauer, Christian Ortner: ''Die Geschichte der österreichischen Armee von Maria Theresia bis zur Gegenwart in Essays und bildlichen Darstellungen'', Verlag Militaria, Vienna, 2015, * Johann C. Allmayer-Beck, Erich Lessing: ''Die K.u.k. Armee. 1848–1914''. Verlag Bertelsmann, Munich, 1974, . * k.u.k. Kriegsministerium „Dislokation und Einteilung des k.u.k Heeres, der k.u.k. Kriegsmarine, der k.k. Landwehr und der k.u. Landwehr“ in: Seidels kleines Armeeschema – Publisher: Seidel & Sohn Vienna, 1914 * Hauptmann V. Pech: ''Heerwesen-Tabellen Lehr- und Lernbehelf für Militärerziehungs- und Bildungsanstalten sowie Reserveoffiziersschulen'', Prague, 1915 * Stefan Rest: ''Des Kaisers Rock im ersten Weltkrieg''. Verlag Militaria, Vienna, 2002,


External links


Die Tiroler Kaiserjäger ("The Tyrolean Kaiserjäger")

Österreich-Ungarns bewaffnete Macht 1900-1914 ("Austria-Hungary's Armed Power 1900–1914")

The Kaiserjäger Museum
{{DEFAULTSORT:Imperial and Royal Kaiserjager Kaiserjager Infantry units and formations