Jászság ("Jaszygia", )
is a historical, ethnographical and geographical region in
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
. Its territory is situated in the north-western part of the
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The main town in the region is
Jászberény
Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary.
Location
Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about from Budapest.
History
The oldes ...
. Jászság is inhabited by the
Jassic people
The Jász () are a Hungarian subgroup of Eastern Iranic descent who have lived in Hungary since the 13th century. They live mostly in a region known as '' Jászság'', which comprises the north-western part of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. ...
, an Iranian ethnic group whose linguistic base is preserved by the
Ossetians
The Ossetians ( or ; ),Merriam-Webster (2021), s.v"Ossete" also known as Ossetes ( ), Ossets ( ), and Alans ( ), are an Iranian peoples, Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the northern and southern side ...
. The population of the region is around 85,000.
Name
Jászság means "Province of the Jász" (i.e. Province of the
Jassic people
The Jász () are a Hungarian subgroup of Eastern Iranic descent who have lived in Hungary since the 13th century. They live mostly in a region known as '' Jászság'', which comprises the north-western part of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. ...
).
History
In ancient times, this area was settled by
Celts
The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...
,
Dacians
The Dacians (; ; ) were the ancient Indo-European inhabitants of the cultural region of Dacia, located in the area near the Carpathian Mountains and west of the Black Sea. They are often considered a subgroup of the Thracians. This area include ...
,
Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (; ; Latin: ) were a large confederation of Ancient Iranian peoples, ancient Iranian Eurasian nomads, equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe from about the 5th century BCE to the 4t ...
, and
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who lived in Northern Europe in Classical antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In modern scholarship, they typically include not only the Roman-era ''Germani'' who lived in both ''Germania'' and parts of ...
. It was part of the
Dacian Kingdom
Dacia (, ; ) was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus r ...
of
Burebista in the first century BC. In the 1st century AD, a Sarmatian tribe known as the
Iazyges
The Iazyges () were an ancient Sarmatians, Sarmatian tribe that traveled westward in 200BC from Central Asia to the steppes of modern Ukraine. In , they moved into modern-day Hungary and Serbia near the Pannonian steppe between the Danube ...
settled in this region. In the early Middle Ages, the territory of present-day Jászság was mainly populated by Slavic people and was part of the
Hun Empire, the
Kingdom of the Gepids and the
Kingdom of the Avars. At the end of the 9th century, the area was settled by the
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
and was subsequently included into the medieval
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
. In the 11th century, the territory of present-day Jászság was part of the Újvár County, while in the 12th century, it was divided between Hevesújvár and Pest counties.
The
Mongol
Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of M ...
invasions of the 13th century and
Tamerlane
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol tradition, Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timuri ...
's wars in the 14th century proved fatal to the
Alan state and a group of
Alans
The Alans () were an ancient and medieval Iranian peoples, Iranic Eurasian nomads, nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North Africa. They are generally regarded ...
migrated with the
Qipchaqs (Comani,
Cumans
The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic people, Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cumania, Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Ru ...
) into
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...
, settling in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in the 13th century. The territory where they settled is to this day called Jászság - "the province of the Ossetians".
They preserved
their Iranian language and ethnic identity until the 15th century, but gradually adopted the
Hungarian language
Hungarian, or Magyar (, ), is an Ugric language of the Uralic language family spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighboring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Out ...
and became assimilated into
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars, are an Ethnicity, ethnic group native to Hungary (), who share a common Culture of Hungary, culture, Hungarian language, language and History of Hungary, history. They also have a notable presence in former pa ...
.
However, they preserved their Jassic identity and their regional autonomy.
Until the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, Jászság was an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Hungary. Following the
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács (; , ) took place on 29 August 1526 near Mohács, in the Kingdom of Hungary. It was fought between the forces of Hungary, led by King Louis II of Hungary, Louis II, and the invading Ottoman Empire, commanded by Suleima ...
(1526) the region was included in the
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
The Eastern Hungarian Kingdom ( ) is a modern term coined by some historians to designate the realm of John Zápolya and his son John Sigismund Zápolya, who contested the claims of the House of Habsburg to rule the Kingdom of Hungary from 1526 ...
and later was annexed by the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
. During Ottoman administration in the 16th-17th centuries, the territory of present-day Jászság was initially part of the
Budin Eyalet
Budin Eyalet (also known as Province of Budin/Buda or Pashalik of Budin/Buda, ) was an administrative territorial entity of the Ottoman Empire in Central Europe and the Balkans. It was formed on the territories that Ottoman Empire conquered fro ...
and later part of the
Eğri Eyalet. At the end of the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire ceded the area to the
Habsburg monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...
and an autonomous region of Jászság was restored within the
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. The region preserved its regional autonomy until 1876, when it was included into
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County. After the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy in 1918, the region of Jászság became part of an independent
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
.
Settlements
There are 18 settlements in Jászság:
*
Jászberény
Jászberény is a city and market centre in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in Hungary.
Location
Jászberény is located in central Hungary, on the Zagyva River, a tributary of the Tisza River. It is about from Budapest.
History
The oldes ...
(cultural and economic center)
*
Jászapáti
Jászapáti is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and had a population of 8585 people in 2014.
Politics
The current mayor of Jászapáti is Ferenc Far ...
*
Jászárokszállás
Jászárokszállás is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and has a population
Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region o ...
*
Jászfényszaru
Jászfényszaru is a town in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of and has a population of 5567 people (2015).
It is the meeting of three regions: the North-Hungary, t ...
*
Jászladány
*
Jászkisér
*
Jászalsószentgyörgy
*
Jászfelsőszentgyörgy
*
Jászboldogháza
*
Jászdózsa
*
Jászjákóhalma
*
Jásztelek
*
Jászszentandrás
Jászszentandrás is a village in Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, in the Northern Great Plain region of central Hungary.
Geography
It covers an area of .
Population
It has a population
Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a ...
*
Jászágó
*
Jászivány
*
Alattyán
*
Jánoshida
*
Pusztamonostor
Sources
External links
Map of JászságMap of JászságMap of Jászság
Map of JászságMap of JászságMap of JászságMap of Jászság
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jaszsag
Historical regions in Hungary
Geography of Hungary